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āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• (Foresight)
āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļ”āļ—āļēāļ āļēāļžāļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• (Scenario)

āļ”āļĢ. āļ™āđ€āļĢāļĻ āļ”āļēāļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĒ (nares@sti.or.th)
āļœ,-āļ­āļēāļ™āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢ āļĻ,āļ™āļĒ/āļ„āļēāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ“/āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒ2āđ€āļ­āđ€āļ›āļ„
(APEC Center for Technology Foresight)
āļŠāļēāļ™āļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ§>āļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢ/ āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒ2āđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļ§āļ•āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļŦ@āļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•> (āļŠāļ§āļ—āļ™.)
āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• (foresight) āļ„Iāļ­āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢ

      
          āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļēāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ“/āđ€āļŦāļ•AāļāļēāļĢāļ“/āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļ­āļĒ@āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ›Cāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļš
          āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ„āļēāļ™Dāļ‡āļ–Dāļ‡āļ›āļˆāļˆāļĒāļĢāļ­āļšāļ”-āļēāļ™ āđ€āļŠ@āļ™ āļ”-āļēāļ™āļŠāļ‡āļ„āļĄ āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļ>āļˆ āļŠ>Hāļ‡
          āđāļ§āļ”āļĨ-āļ­āļĄ āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒ2 āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄIāļ­āļ‡ āļŊāļĨāļŊ āļ—2Hāđ€āļ›Cāļ™āļ—Kāļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āļœāļĨāļāļ”āļ™āđƒāļŦ-
          āđ€āļŦāļ•AāļāļēāļĢāļ“/āđ€āļ>āļ” āļ­Aāļ›āļŠāļĢāļĢāļ„āļ‚āļ”āļ‚āļ§āļēāļ‡āđ„āļĄ@āđƒāļŦ-āđ€āļ>āļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄ@
          āđāļ™@ āļ™āļ­āļ™āļ—2Hāļ­āļēāļˆāļžāļĨ>āļāļœāļ™āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“/āđ„āļ”-
      
          āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ™2Kāđ€āļ™-āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĄ2āļŠ@āļ§āļ™āļĢ@āļ§āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœ,-āļĄāļŠ@āļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”-āļŠ@āļ§āļ™āđ€āļŠ2āļĒ
                                               2
          āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĨ-āļēāļ—2Hāļˆāļ°āļ„>āļ”āļ™āļ­āļāļāļĢāļ­āļš āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄA@āļ‡āļĄHāļ™āļ—2Hāļˆāļ°āđƒāļŦ-āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•
          āļ—2āļ”2āļāļ§@āļēāđāļ@āļ„āļ™āļĢA@āļ™āļ•@āļ­āđ„āļ›
            H

1 February 2010         APEC Center for Technology Foresight     2
āļ āļēāļžāļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• (scenario) āļ„Iāļ­āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢ

    āđ€āļĢIāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĨ@āļēāđ€āļŦāļ•AāļāļēāļĢāļ“/āļ—2Hāđ€āļ›Cāļ™āđ„āļ›āđ„āļ”-āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• āļ—āļēāđƒāļŦ-āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļˆ>āļ™āļ•āļ™āļēāļāļēāļĢ
       H
    āđ€āļ›Cāļ™āļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āđƒāļˆāļˆāļ”āļˆāļēāļ‡@āļēāļĒ

    āļ āļēāļžāļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļ„Iāļ­āđ€āļĢIāļ­āļ‡āļ—2Hāđ€āļ›Cāļ™āļˆāļĢ>āļ‡āđ„āļ”- (plausible) āļĄ>āđƒāļŠ@āļ āļēāļžāļ—2Hāļ™@āļēāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›Cāļ™
                     H
    (expected) āļŦāļĢIāļ­āļ—2Hāļ„āļ§āļĢāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›Cāļ™ (preferred)

    āļ āļēāļžāļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āđ€āļ›Cāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‹āļāļ‹-āļ­āļĄāļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• āđ€āļžIHāļ­āđ€āļ›āļĨ2HāļĒāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄ@āđāļ™@ āļ™āļ­āļ™
    (uncertainties) āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ„Aāļāļ„āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›Cāļ™āļ‚-āļ­āđ„āļ”-āđ€āļ›āļĢ2āļĒāļš

    āļ āļēāļžāļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļŠāļĢ-āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚-āļēāđƒāļˆāđ€āļ2HāļĒāļ§āļāļšāļ›āļ>āļŠāļĄāļžāļ™āļ˜/āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āļœāļĨāļāļ”āļ™
    āļ•@āļēāļ‡āđ† āļ—2āļ™āļēāđ€āļĢāļēāđ„āļ›āļŠ,@āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•
             H
1 February 2010        APEC Center for Technology Foresight       3
Scenario Planning at Shell (1)
      â€Ē Set up a new department called Group
        Planning in the early 1970s
      â€Ē Looked for the event that might affect the price
        of oil, which had been steady since World War
        II
      â€Ē Wrote up two sets of scenarios:-
            – the oil price would stay stable
            – an oil price crisis sparked by OPEC


1 February 2010       APEC Center for Technology Foresight   4
Scenario Planning at Shell (2)
     â€Ē When the energy crisis burst upon the world, only
       Shell was prepared for the changed.
     â€Ē From one of the weaker of the seven largest global
       oil companies, Shell became one of the two largest
       and the most profitable.
     â€Ē In addition, scenario planning also helped Shell
       anticipate the fall of Communism in Russia and its
       effect on natural gas prices, while other oil
       companies were mostly caught unaware
1 February 2010         APEC Center for Technology Foresight   5
1 February 2010   APEC Center for Technology Foresight   6
Water Purification

Single Disciplines      Multiple           Multiple Disciplines:       User Group/
                       Disciplines:         Fully Integrated           Application
                        Partially
                       Integrated
    Traditional        Transitional                Evolved
Filters and          Catalytic             Functionalized,         General Populace/
Catalysts            Membranes             Controlled Pore         Cleaner Water,
                                           Size, Selective         Safer from Disease
                                           Catalytic Filters
                                           and Membranes


 1 February 2010            APEC Center for Technology Foresight                     7
The generic foresight process
                                              framework
       inputs                                      Strategic intelligence scanning, Delphi


                                                           Emerging issues/trends analysis
           analysis
                        Foresight


       interpretation                        Systems thinking, Causal Layered Analysis

        prospection                           Scenarios, visioning, backcasts, roadmaps


      outputs                           Reports, presentations, workshops, multimedia

                                              Strategy development & strategic planning:
                                             individual, workgroup, organisation, society,
      strategy
                                                                                      etc.
1 February 2010                     APEC Center for Technology Foresight                       8
                                                                        Source: Voros (2003)
āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļēāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ“/āļĄ>āđƒāļŠ@āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļ™āļēāļĒ
                  (Foresight is not forecast)
    āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļ™āļēāļĒ                              āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļēāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ“/
       āđ€āļ™-āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ™@ āļ™āļ­āļ™                      āļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄ@āđāļ™@ āļ™āļ­āļ™
       āļ›>āļ”āļšāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠ2HāļĒāļ‡                      āļ—āļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠ2HāļĒāļ‡āđƒāļŦ-āļŠāļ”āđ€āļˆāļ™
       āļĄ2āđ€āļž2āļĒāļ‡āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āđ€āļ”2āļĒāļ§                    āļĄ2āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āđ„āļ”-āļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ




1 February 2010       APEC Center for Technology Foresight           9
āļĻāļ™āļĒāļ„āļēāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāđ€āļ­āđ€āļ›āļ„
 
     āļāļ­āļ•āļ‡āļ› 1998 āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ• Asia-Pacific Economic
     Cooperation
 
     āļ›āļˆāļˆāļšāļ™āđ€āļ›āļ™āļŠāļ§āļ™āļŦāļ™#$āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ āļŠāļ§āļ—āļ™.
 
     āļĨāļāļ„āļē: SCG, PTT, CDG, TPA, NSTDA, EGAT,
     CAT, TRIDI, KNIT, āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§'āļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļĒāđ€āļāļĐāļ•āļĢāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢ,
     āļŠ)āļēāļ™āļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļĨāļ‚āļēāļ˜'āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļāļŠāļ āļē, āļŦāļ™āļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļāđƒāļ™āļ•āļēāļ‡
     āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ – SIRIM, NISTPASS etc.
1 February 2010   APEC Center for Technology Foresight   10
APEC Member Economies




APEC Official Observers
    1 February 2010                                   APEC
â€Ē Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Secretariat   Center for Technology Foresight                 11
â€Ē Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC)
â€Ē Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)                                                                     ÂĐ 2008 APEC Secretariat
āļ āļēāļžāļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļĢāļāļŠāļ āļē... (āļ āļēāļžāļ—2H 1)




1 February 2010          APEC Center for Technology Foresight        12
                     APEC Center for Technology Foresight
                                                                27
                     www.apecforesight.org
āļ āļēāļžāļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļĢāļāļŠāļ āļē... (āļ āļēāļžāļ—2H 2)




1 February 2010         APEC Center for Technology Foresight        13
                    APEC Center for Technology Foresight
                                                               29
                    www.apecforesight.org
South Africa in1990’s
  
      Feb. 1990 Nelson Mandela was released from prison after 27 years
  
      R. W. de Klerk leader of the ruling white minority National Party
      (NP) allowed the African National Congress (ANC), Pan African
      Congress (PAC), South African Communist Party (SACP), etc. to be
      legalized
  
      The first all-race elections were to be held in April 1994
  
       Dozen of “forums” were set up creating temporary structures that
      gathered together the broadest possible range of stakeholders to
      discuss the future of South Africa
  
      They ranged from informal workshops to formal, public negotiations



1 February 2010           APEC Center for Technology Foresight            14
South Africa in crisis
â€ĒThe present system’s lack of
legitimacy
â€ĒWidespread mistrust of the security
force
â€ĒA lack of faith in the judicial system
â€ĒRepression, intimidation, intolerance,
and political violence
â€ĒIncreasing exploitation of ethnic and
regional divisions
â€ĒThe collapse of black local authorities
and the breakdown of services in many
areas


1 February 2010           APEC Center for Technology Foresight   15
The Mont Fleur Project
   
       uniquely used scenarios as a tool for discovering common
       ground
   
       22 prominent South Africans - politicians, activists,
       academics, and businessman from across the ideological
       spectrum - to develop and disseminate a set of stories about
       what might happen in their countries over 1992-2002
   
       It did not deal with the differences among the
       participants, but to find and enlarge the common ground
   
       The set of scenarios developed were widely disseminated and
       discussed using documents, video, and discussed the
       scenarios with > 50 diverse groups
1 February 2010         APEC Center for Technology Foresight          16
7 November 2009   APEC Center for Technology Foresight   www.apecforesight.org   17
7 November 2009   APEC Center for Technology Foresight   www.apecforesight.org   18
7 November 2009   APEC Center for Technology Foresight   www.apecforesight.org   19
7 November 2009   APEC Center for Technology Foresight   www.apecforesight.org   20
7 November 2009   APEC Center for Technology Foresight   www.apecforesight.org   21
7 November 2009   APEC Center for Technology Foresight   www.apecforesight.org   22
Germany 2020




1 February 2010   APEC Center for Technology Foresight   23
DBR trend map showing growth-
                            related MacroTrends




1 February 2010   APEC Center for Technology Foresight   24
1 February 2010   APEC Center for Technology Foresight   25
1 February 2010   APEC Center for Technology Foresight   26
Looking to the Future
                                                                  Scenario A




                                                                                 Possible and Plausible Futures
                                                                     Expected
Today

           early
           weak
         signals of                                               Preferred
          change
                                                                 Scenario B



                                    Time modified from Bezold and Hancock 1993
                                      Source:
1 February 2010          APEC Center for Technology Foresight                                     27
āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļŠāļ™āļŠ,āļ•āļĢāļĻāļžāđ„āļ—āļĒ
      ï‚Ĩ āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĢāļēāļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āļĨ2HāļĒāļ™āđ€āļ›Cāļ™āļ­āļĒ@āļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāđƒāļ™ 10 āļ›2āļ‚-āļēāļ‡āļŦāļ™-āļē –
       āļāļēāļĢāļ„-āļē āļ­Aāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļāļēāļĢāļ•@āļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ āļŠāļ‡āļ„āļĄ āļāļēāļĢāļĻDāļāļĐāļē āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ
       āļĄHāļ™āļ„āļ‡ āļŊāļĨāļŊ
      ï‚Ĩ āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļŠāļ™āļŠ,āļ•āļĢāđ„āļ—āļĒāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āļĨ2HāļĒāļ™āđ„āļ›āļ­āļĒ@āļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļ—@āļēāļĄāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļŠāļ āļēāļž
       āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļ>āļˆ āļŠāļ‡āļ„āļĄ āļ—2āđ€āļ›āļĨ2HāļĒāļ™āđ„āļ›
                          H
      ï‚Ĩ āļœ,-āđ€āļ2HāļĒāļ§āļ‚-āļ­āļ‡āļ•-āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļĢ-āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢāđ€āļž>HāļĄāļš-āļēāļ‡
      ï‚Ĩ āļĄ2āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢāļš-āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ›Cāļ™āļ›āļˆāļˆāļĒāđ„āļĄ@āđāļ™@ āļ™āļ­āļ™


1 February 2010      APEC Center for Technology Foresight   28
āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ•āļāļ•@āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ§āļĨāļē
      
          āļ˜āļĢāļ'āļˆāļ—$āļĄāļ™āļ§āļ•āļāļĢāļĢāļĄ                         100       āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡
                                                                  $
      
          āļāļĨāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāļ āļēāļ„āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™                      90        āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡
                                                                    $
      
          āļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĢāļ§āđƒāļ™āļŠāļŦāļĢāļ                           60        āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡$
      
          āļŠāļŦāļ āļēāļžāđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™                             30        āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡  $
      
          āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļēāļĢ                                  25        āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡    $
      
          āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļāļĐāļē
               #                                  10        āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡      $
      
          āļŠāļŦāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļēāļ•'                             5         āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡        $
      
          āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄ:āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļ                            3         āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡          $
      
          āļāļēāļĢāļšāļ‡āļ„āļšāđƒāļŠāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ                         1         āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡            $

                       Alvin and Heidi Toffler, Revolutionary Wealth (2006)

1 February 2010      APEC Center for Technology Foresight                             29

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Foresight Intro 20100201

  • 1. āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• (Foresight) āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļ”āļ—āļēāļ āļēāļžāļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• (Scenario) āļ”āļĢ. āļ™āđ€āļĢāļĻ āļ”āļēāļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĒ (nares@sti.or.th) āļœ,-āļ­āļēāļ™āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢ āļĻ,āļ™āļĒ/āļ„āļēāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ“/āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒ2āđ€āļ­āđ€āļ›āļ„ (APEC Center for Technology Foresight) āļŠāļēāļ™āļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ™āđ‚āļĒāļšāļēāļĒāļ§>āļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢ/ āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒ2āđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļ§āļ•āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļŦ@āļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•> (āļŠāļ§āļ—āļ™.)
  • 2. āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• (foresight) āļ„Iāļ­āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢ  āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļēāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ“/āđ€āļŦāļ•AāļāļēāļĢāļ“/āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļ­āļĒ@āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ›Cāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļš āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ„āļēāļ™Dāļ‡āļ–Dāļ‡āļ›āļˆāļˆāļĒāļĢāļ­āļšāļ”-āļēāļ™ āđ€āļŠ@āļ™ āļ”-āļēāļ™āļŠāļ‡āļ„āļĄ āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļ>āļˆ āļŠ>Hāļ‡ āđāļ§āļ”āļĨ-āļ­āļĄ āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒ2 āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄIāļ­āļ‡ āļŊāļĨāļŊ āļ—2Hāđ€āļ›Cāļ™āļ—Kāļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āļœāļĨāļāļ”āļ™āđƒāļŦ- āđ€āļŦāļ•AāļāļēāļĢāļ“/āđ€āļ>āļ” āļ­Aāļ›āļŠāļĢāļĢāļ„āļ‚āļ”āļ‚āļ§āļēāļ‡āđ„āļĄ@āđƒāļŦ-āđ€āļ>āļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄ@ āđāļ™@ āļ™āļ­āļ™āļ—2Hāļ­āļēāļˆāļžāļĨ>āļāļœāļ™āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“/āđ„āļ”-  āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ™2Kāđ€āļ™-āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĄ2āļŠ@āļ§āļ™āļĢ@āļ§āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœ,-āļĄāļŠ@āļ§āļ™āđ„āļ”-āļŠ@āļ§āļ™āđ€āļŠ2āļĒ 2 āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĨ-āļēāļ—2Hāļˆāļ°āļ„>āļ”āļ™āļ­āļāļāļĢāļ­āļš āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄA@āļ‡āļĄHāļ™āļ—2Hāļˆāļ°āđƒāļŦ-āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• āļ—2āļ”2āļāļ§@āļēāđāļ@āļ„āļ™āļĢA@āļ™āļ•@āļ­āđ„āļ› H 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 2
  • 3. āļ āļēāļžāļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• (scenario) āļ„Iāļ­āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢ  āđ€āļĢIāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĨ@āļēāđ€āļŦāļ•AāļāļēāļĢāļ“/āļ—2Hāđ€āļ›Cāļ™āđ„āļ›āđ„āļ”-āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• āļ—āļēāđƒāļŦ-āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļˆ>āļ™āļ•āļ™āļēāļāļēāļĢ H āđ€āļ›Cāļ™āļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āđƒāļˆāļˆāļ”āļˆāļēāļ‡@āļēāļĒ  āļ āļēāļžāļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļ„Iāļ­āđ€āļĢIāļ­āļ‡āļ—2Hāđ€āļ›Cāļ™āļˆāļĢ>āļ‡āđ„āļ”- (plausible) āļĄ>āđƒāļŠ@āļ āļēāļžāļ—2Hāļ™@āļēāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›Cāļ™ H (expected) āļŦāļĢIāļ­āļ—2Hāļ„āļ§āļĢāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›Cāļ™ (preferred)  āļ āļēāļžāļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āđ€āļ›Cāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‹āļāļ‹-āļ­āļĄāļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• āđ€āļžIHāļ­āđ€āļ›āļĨ2HāļĒāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄ@āđāļ™@ āļ™āļ­āļ™ (uncertainties) āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ„Aāļāļ„āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›Cāļ™āļ‚-āļ­āđ„āļ”-āđ€āļ›āļĢ2āļĒāļš  āļ āļēāļžāļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļŠāļĢ-āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚-āļēāđƒāļˆāđ€āļ2HāļĒāļ§āļāļšāļ›āļ>āļŠāļĄāļžāļ™āļ˜/āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āļœāļĨāļāļ”āļ™ āļ•@āļēāļ‡āđ† āļ—2āļ™āļēāđ€āļĢāļēāđ„āļ›āļŠ,@āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• H 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 3
  • 4. Scenario Planning at Shell (1) â€Ē Set up a new department called Group Planning in the early 1970s â€Ē Looked for the event that might affect the price of oil, which had been steady since World War II â€Ē Wrote up two sets of scenarios:- – the oil price would stay stable – an oil price crisis sparked by OPEC 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 4
  • 5. Scenario Planning at Shell (2) â€Ē When the energy crisis burst upon the world, only Shell was prepared for the changed. â€Ē From one of the weaker of the seven largest global oil companies, Shell became one of the two largest and the most profitable. â€Ē In addition, scenario planning also helped Shell anticipate the fall of Communism in Russia and its effect on natural gas prices, while other oil companies were mostly caught unaware 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 5
  • 6. 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 6
  • 7. Water Purification Single Disciplines Multiple Multiple Disciplines: User Group/ Disciplines: Fully Integrated Application Partially Integrated Traditional Transitional Evolved Filters and Catalytic Functionalized, General Populace/ Catalysts Membranes Controlled Pore Cleaner Water, Size, Selective Safer from Disease Catalytic Filters and Membranes 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 7
  • 8. The generic foresight process framework inputs Strategic intelligence scanning, Delphi Emerging issues/trends analysis analysis Foresight interpretation Systems thinking, Causal Layered Analysis prospection Scenarios, visioning, backcasts, roadmaps outputs Reports, presentations, workshops, multimedia Strategy development & strategic planning: individual, workgroup, organisation, society, strategy etc. 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 8 Source: Voros (2003)
  • 9. āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļēāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ“/āļĄ>āđƒāļŠ@āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļ™āļēāļĒ (Foresight is not forecast) āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļ™āļēāļĒ āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļēāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ“/  āđ€āļ™-āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ™@ āļ™āļ­āļ™  āļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄ@āđāļ™@ āļ™āļ­āļ™  āļ›>āļ”āļšāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠ2HāļĒāļ‡  āļ—āļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠ2HāļĒāļ‡āđƒāļŦ-āļŠāļ”āđ€āļˆāļ™  āļĄ2āđ€āļž2āļĒāļ‡āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āđ€āļ”2āļĒāļ§  āļĄ2āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āđ„āļ”-āļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 9
  • 10. āļĻāļ™āļĒāļ„āļēāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāđ€āļ­āđ€āļ›āļ„  āļāļ­āļ•āļ‡āļ› 1998 āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation  āļ›āļˆāļˆāļšāļ™āđ€āļ›āļ™āļŠāļ§āļ™āļŦāļ™#$āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ āļŠāļ§āļ—āļ™.  āļĨāļāļ„āļē: SCG, PTT, CDG, TPA, NSTDA, EGAT, CAT, TRIDI, KNIT, āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§'āļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļĒāđ€āļāļĐāļ•āļĢāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢ, āļŠ)āļēāļ™āļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļĨāļ‚āļēāļ˜'āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļāļŠāļ āļē, āļŦāļ™āļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļāđƒāļ™āļ•āļēāļ‡ āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ – SIRIM, NISTPASS etc. 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 10
  • 11. APEC Member Economies APEC Official Observers 1 February 2010 APEC â€Ē Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Secretariat Center for Technology Foresight 11 â€Ē Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) â€Ē Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) ÂĐ 2008 APEC Secretariat
  • 12. āļ āļēāļžāļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļĢāļāļŠāļ āļē... (āļ āļēāļžāļ—2H 1) 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 12 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 27 www.apecforesight.org
  • 13. āļ āļēāļžāļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļĢāļāļŠāļ āļē... (āļ āļēāļžāļ—2H 2) 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 13 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 29 www.apecforesight.org
  • 14. South Africa in1990’s  Feb. 1990 Nelson Mandela was released from prison after 27 years  R. W. de Klerk leader of the ruling white minority National Party (NP) allowed the African National Congress (ANC), Pan African Congress (PAC), South African Communist Party (SACP), etc. to be legalized  The first all-race elections were to be held in April 1994  Dozen of “forums” were set up creating temporary structures that gathered together the broadest possible range of stakeholders to discuss the future of South Africa  They ranged from informal workshops to formal, public negotiations 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 14
  • 15. South Africa in crisis â€ĒThe present system’s lack of legitimacy â€ĒWidespread mistrust of the security force â€ĒA lack of faith in the judicial system â€ĒRepression, intimidation, intolerance, and political violence â€ĒIncreasing exploitation of ethnic and regional divisions â€ĒThe collapse of black local authorities and the breakdown of services in many areas 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 15
  • 16. The Mont Fleur Project  uniquely used scenarios as a tool for discovering common ground  22 prominent South Africans - politicians, activists, academics, and businessman from across the ideological spectrum - to develop and disseminate a set of stories about what might happen in their countries over 1992-2002  It did not deal with the differences among the participants, but to find and enlarge the common ground  The set of scenarios developed were widely disseminated and discussed using documents, video, and discussed the scenarios with > 50 diverse groups 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 16
  • 17. 7 November 2009 APEC Center for Technology Foresight www.apecforesight.org 17
  • 18. 7 November 2009 APEC Center for Technology Foresight www.apecforesight.org 18
  • 19. 7 November 2009 APEC Center for Technology Foresight www.apecforesight.org 19
  • 20. 7 November 2009 APEC Center for Technology Foresight www.apecforesight.org 20
  • 21. 7 November 2009 APEC Center for Technology Foresight www.apecforesight.org 21
  • 22. 7 November 2009 APEC Center for Technology Foresight www.apecforesight.org 22
  • 23. Germany 2020 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 23
  • 24. DBR trend map showing growth- related MacroTrends 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 24
  • 25. 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 25
  • 26. 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 26
  • 27. Looking to the Future Scenario A Possible and Plausible Futures Expected Today early weak signals of Preferred change Scenario B Time modified from Bezold and Hancock 1993 Source: 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 27
  • 28. āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļŠāļ™āļŠ,āļ•āļĢāļĻāļžāđ„āļ—āļĒ ï‚Ĩ āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĢāļēāļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āļĨ2HāļĒāļ™āđ€āļ›Cāļ™āļ­āļĒ@āļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāđƒāļ™ 10 āļ›2āļ‚-āļēāļ‡āļŦāļ™-āļē – āļāļēāļĢāļ„-āļē āļ­Aāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļāļēāļĢāļ•@āļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ āļŠāļ‡āļ„āļĄ āļāļēāļĢāļĻDāļāļĐāļē āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ āļĄHāļ™āļ„āļ‡ āļŊāļĨāļŊ ï‚Ĩ āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļŠāļ™āļŠ,āļ•āļĢāđ„āļ—āļĒāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āļĨ2HāļĒāļ™āđ„āļ›āļ­āļĒ@āļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļ—@āļēāļĄāļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļŠāļ āļēāļž āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļ>āļˆ āļŠāļ‡āļ„āļĄ āļ—2āđ€āļ›āļĨ2HāļĒāļ™āđ„āļ› H ï‚Ĩ āļœ,-āđ€āļ2HāļĒāļ§āļ‚-āļ­āļ‡āļ•-āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļĢ-āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢāđ€āļž>HāļĄāļš-āļēāļ‡ ï‚Ĩ āļĄ2āļ­āļ°āđ„āļĢāļš-āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ›Cāļ™āļ›āļˆāļˆāļĒāđ„āļĄ@āđāļ™@ āļ™āļ­āļ™ 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 28
  • 29. āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ•āļāļ•@āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ§āļĨāļē  āļ˜āļĢāļ'āļˆāļ—$āļĄāļ™āļ§āļ•āļāļĢāļĢāļĄ 100 āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡ $  āļāļĨāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļāļĢāļ āļēāļ„āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™ 90 āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡ $  āļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĢāļ§āđƒāļ™āļŠāļŦāļĢāļ 60 āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡$  āļŠāļŦāļ āļēāļžāđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ 30 āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡ $  āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļēāļĢ 25 āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡ $  āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļāļĐāļē # 10 āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡ $  āļŠāļŦāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļēāļ•' 5 āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡ $  āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄ:āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļŦāļĢāļ 3 āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡ $  āļāļēāļĢāļšāļ‡āļ„āļšāđƒāļŠāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ 1 āđ„āļĄāļĨāļ•āļ­āļŠāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡ $ Alvin and Heidi Toffler, Revolutionary Wealth (2006) 1 February 2010 APEC Center for Technology Foresight 29