PROBLEMS AFTER THE WAR

Germ unhappy w/ treaty. * due to reparations, loss of land & reduction in military

Germ unhappy w/ treaty.

* due to reparations, loss of land & reduction in military

2. League of Nations too weak- US did not join when Senate refused to ratify treaty due to harsh treaty. LON used economic sanctions to stop problems. No weapons cuts .

2. League of Nations too weak- US did not join when Senate refused to ratify treaty due to harsh treaty.

LON used economic sanctions to stop problems.

No weapons cuts .

3. Inflation - Workers strike & Germ prints more money ( making mark worthless )

3. Inflation - Workers strike & Germ prints more money ( making mark worthless )

4. DAWES PLAN - set up to coordinate Germ’s bill paying & set up 200 million in loans to rebuild. Created US investment .

4. DAWES PLAN - set up to

coordinate Germ’s bill paying & set up 200 million in loans to rebuild.

Created US

investment .

5. DEPRESSION -period of low eco activity & rising unemployment

5. DEPRESSION -period of low eco activity & rising unemployment

Depression caused by: 1. Farm prices fall due to overproduction( some destroy crops to help prices )

Depression caused by:

1. Farm prices fall due to overproduction( some destroy crops to help prices )

2. US stock market booms in 20s, so investors pull money out of Germ to invest. 3.Market crashes & stock prices drop

2. US stock market booms

in 20s, so investors pull

money out of Germ to

invest.

3.Market crashes

& stock prices

drop

4. US investors w/draw money from Germ & Euro & banks weakened. 5. Production falls & unemployment rises.

4. US investors w/draw

money from Germ &

Euro & banks

weakened.

5. Production falls &

unemployment

rises.

Many ignore John Maynard Keynes- economist who said:

Many ignore John Maynard Keynes- economist who said:

Unemployment caused by less demand which can be increased by putting people to work building public works ( highways, govt buildings)

Unemployment caused by less demand which can be increased by putting people to work building

public works

( highways,

govt buildings)

F D R US-Franklin D Roosevelt wins 1932 election. 15 mill out of work, 50% cut in production

US-Franklin D Roosevelt wins 1932 election.

15 mill out of work, 50% cut in production

Created NEW DEAL - put people to work by funding public works. (building roads, post offices, airports). Creates Social Security Act, TVA, etc.

Created NEW DEAL - put people to work by funding public works. (building roads, post offices, airports).

Creates Social Security Act, TVA, etc.

RISE OF THE DICTATORS

DON’T WRITE!!! By 1939, Fr & GB only big nations of Europe still democratic New form of dictatorship develops

DON’T WRITE!!!

By 1939, Fr & GB only big nations of Europe still democratic

New form of dictatorship develops

TOTALITARIAN STATE - aims to control all aspects of citizen’s lives. (poli, eco, social, culture & intellectual Individual will is subordinated to collective will of masses

TOTALITARIAN STATE - aims to control all aspects of citizen’s lives. (poli, eco, social, culture & intellectual

Individual will is subordinated

to collective

will of masses

MUSSOLINI & ITALY

I T A L Y 1920s: BENITO MUSSOLINI rises in Italy & creates new poli party. Creates FASCISM which glorifies state above the individual, nationalism, glory of Italy & needs a strong central govt led by dictator

1920s: BENITO MUSSOLINI rises in Italy & creates new poli party.

Creates FASCISM which glorifies state above the individual, nationalism, glory of Italy & needs a strong central govt led by dictator

1920- Italy has problems. Midsdle class fears communist takeover. Muss forms BLACK SHIRTS (armed fascists) who attack strikes & communists making many happy

1920- Italy has problems. Midsdle class fears communist takeover. Muss forms BLACK SHIRTS (armed fascists) who attack strikes & communists

making many

happy

1922: Fascist threaten to march on Rome if not given power. King VICTOR EMMANUAL III makes Muss Prime minister & Muss creates fascist dictatorship by making PM head of govt.

1922: Fascist threaten to march on Rome if not given power.

King VICTOR

EMMANUAL III makes Muss Prime minister & Muss creates fascist dictatorship by making PM head of govt.

Steps to control: 1.created secret police (OVRA), who arrest anyone. 2. Banned & kills opposition. 3. Muss called Il Duce (the leader) 4. Stresses Italian pride

Steps to control:

1.created secret police (OVRA), who arrest anyone.

2. Banned & kills opposition.

3. Muss called Il Duce (the leader)

4. Stresses Italian pride

5. Took over media to spread propaganda, slogans. 6. Created youth groups. Focused on military activities & values to create war lovers

5. Took over media to spread

propaganda,

slogans.

6. Created youth

groups. Focused

on military

activities & values

to create war lovers

Muss gave money to Catholic Church & created Vatican City as independent state & made it religion of Italy In return, Pope recognized Italy & MUSS as leader.

Muss gave money to Catholic Church & created Vatican City as independent state & made it religion of Italy

In return, Pope

recognized Italy

& MUSS as leader.

STALIN & THE USSR

Don’t Write Famine hits in 1920-1922 & industry falls 20%. VI LENIN create NEW ECONOMIC POLICY (called NEP), a version of capitalism. Peasants can sell produce & small businesses could be privately owned, but heavy industry & banking owned by govt

Famine hits in 1920-1922 & industry falls 20%.

VI LENIN create NEW ECONOMIC POLICY (called NEP), a version of capitalism.

Peasants can sell produce & small businesses could be privately owned, but

heavy industry & banking

owned by govt

Communists create UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS. (USSR)

Communists create UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST

REPUBLICS.

(USSR)

Sickle-Unity of peasants Hammer- workers Red field: blood spilled by workers in fight for freedom Star-energy of sun and life

Sickle-Unity of peasants

Hammer- workers

Red field: blood spilled by workers in fight for freedom

Star-energy of sun and life

LENIN DIES! Lenin dies 1924. Fight for power begins in POLITOBURO -leading policy making body

Lenin dies 1924.

Fight for power begins in POLITOBURO

-leading policy making body

LEON TROTSKY , war commissar, wants to spread communist rev & industrialize rapidly

LEON TROTSKY , war commissar, wants to spread communist rev & industrialize rapidly

JOSEF STALIN Josef Stalin - party general secretary wants power. In charge of appointing 1000s of officials, who support him.

Josef Stalin - party general secretary wants power.

In charge of appointing 1000s of officials, who support him.

Stalin gets control of party. Gets rid of old Bolsheviks, & kicks out Trotsky (who is murdered in Mexico).

Stalin gets control of party.

Gets rid of old Bolsheviks, & kicks out Trotsky (who is murdered in Mexico).

Creates 5 YEAR PLANS - sets of eco goals for 5 year periods to go from agricultural nation to industry . 1 st plan- produce more CAPITAL GOODS (goods used to produce other goods).

Creates 5 YEAR PLANS - sets of eco goals for 5 year periods to go from agricultural nation to industry .

1 st plan- produce more CAPITAL GOODS (goods used to produce

other goods).

Bigger labor force in cities no housing. Low wages. Strict laws Propaganda stresses sacrifice to build nation

Bigger labor force in cities

no housing.

Low wages.

Strict laws

Propaganda stresses sacrifice to build nation

COLLECTIVIZATION -govt took over private farms & made peasants work for them. By 1934, 26 mil farms taken . famine occurs, 10 mil die, resistors sent to labor camps & party control increases.

COLLECTIVIZATION -govt took over private farms & made peasants work for them.

By 1934, 26 mil farms taken .

famine occurs, 10 mil die, resistors sent to

labor camps & party

control increases.

Paranoid Stalin begins PURGES -eliminating problem people to keep power.

Paranoid Stalin begins PURGES -eliminating problem people to keep power.

Military officers, party members, citizens, union officials & diplomats were killed, arrested or sent to labor camps

Military officers, party members, citizens, union

officials & diplomats were killed, arrested or sent to labor camps

HITLER & GERMANY

Don’t write Born Aus 1889, Austria. Mom remarried. high school failure Traveled to Vienna & rejected by art school. Dev racist & nationalist ideas here. Saw poli parties use terror & propaganda

Born Aus 1889, Austria. Mom remarried.

high school failure

Traveled to Vienna & rejected by art school.

Dev racist &

nationalist ideas here.

Saw poli parties

use terror &

propaganda

HITLER’S REPORT CARD French Unsatisfactory Geography Satisfactory German Adequate Gymnastics Excellent History Satisfactory Physics Adequate Mathematics Unsatisfactory Art Excellent Chemistry Adequate Geometry Adequate

HITLER’S REPORT CARD

French Unsatisfactory

Geography Satisfactory

German Adequate

Gymnastics Excellent

History Satisfactory

Physics Adequate

Mathematics Unsatisfactory

Art Excellent

Chemistry Adequate

Geometry Adequate

Spent 4 years at front in WWI. Joined extreme nationalist group in Munich called German Workers Party in 1919.

Spent 4 years at front in WWI.

Joined extreme nationalist group in Munich called German Workers Party in 1919.

By 1921, controls & renames party National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) or NAZI. 55,000 people join Create party militia of 12,000 called Brown Shirts.

By 1921, controls & renames party National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) or NAZI.

55,000 people join

Create party militia of 12,000 called Brown Shirts.

Organized uprising against the govt in 1923 The BEER HALL PUTSCH , was crushed & Hitler jailed

Organized uprising against the govt in 1923

The BEER HALL PUTSCH , was crushed

& Hitler jailed

Wrote MEIN KAMPF while in jail about Germ nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-communism, racism

Wrote MEIN KAMPF while in jail about Germ nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-communism,

racism

Emphasized right of “ superior nations” to LEBENSRAUM - living space thru expansion. “ Superior individuals” should rule over the masses

Emphasized right of “ superior nations” to LEBENSRAUM - living space thru

expansion.

“ Superior individuals” should rule over the masses

Realizes Nazi party needs to get votes to get power, not violent rev. Party expands & appeals to pride. Biggest party in REICHSTAG (parliament) by 1929.

Realizes Nazi party needs to get votes to get power, not violent rev. Party expands & appeals to pride.

Biggest party in

REICHSTAG

(parliament) by

1929.

Don’t WRITE! Nazi rise helped by unemployment & eco problems Industry leaders, aristocrats, officers look to Hitler for leadership.

Don’t WRITE!

Nazi rise helped by unemployment & eco problems

Industry

leaders,

aristocrats,

officers look to

Hitler for leadership.

Pres. Hindenburg makes Hitler Chancellor in 1933, hoping Hitler will help him gain support. Thought he could control him

Pres. Hindenburg makes Hitler Chancellor in 1933, hoping Hitler will help him gain support.

Thought he could control him

Hitler sets up total Nazi control by Mar. 23, 1933

Hitler sets up total Nazi control by Mar. 23, 1933

Reichstag passes ENABLING ACT- give govt power to ignore constitution for 4 years to pass laws to deal w/ nations problems.

Reichstag passes ENABLING ACT- give govt power to ignore constitution for

4 years to pass

laws to deal

w/ nations

problems.

Gave Hitler legal basis for actions & became dictator

Gave Hitler legal basis for actions & became dictator

Nazis purge Jews from govt CONCENTRATION CAMPS set up. Abolished trade unions & poli parties

Nazis purge Jews from govt

CONCENTRATION CAMPS set up.

Abolished

trade unions

& poli

parties

Hindenburg dies in 1934 & Hitler rules. All officials take oath of loyalty to “Fuhrer”. Wants to develop an “Aryan nation” to rule Europe. Says Germ had 2 empires & Hitler will create THIRD REICH or 3 rd empire

Hindenburg dies in 1934 & Hitler rules. All officials take oath of loyalty to “Fuhrer”.

Wants to develop an “Aryan nation” to rule Europe.

Says Germ had 2 empires & Hitler will create THIRD REICH or 3 rd empire

DON’T WRITE!!!!!!! Believed they were descendents of Romans & Greeks & Germs meant to create Roman-like empire.

Believed they were descendents of Romans & Greeks & Germs meant to create Roman-like empire.

Heinrich Himmler set up S CHUTZSTAFFEN or SS, secret police, use arrests, execution & concentration camps for terror.

Heinrich Himmler set up S CHUTZSTAFFEN or SS, secret police, use arrests, execution & concentration camps for terror.

Hitler used public works & grants to private construction firms to put people to work & rearmed military

Hitler used public works & grants to private construction firms to put people to work & rearmed military

JOESPEH GOEBBELS , propaganda minister set up: mass demonstrations, parades, speeches, controlled churches & schools, formed professional groups for teachers, lawyers etc. & NAZI youth group’s for kids

JOESPEH GOEBBELS , propaganda minister set up:

mass demonstrations, parades, speeches, controlled churches & schools, formed professional groups for teachers, lawyers etc. & NAZI youth group’s for kids

Nuremberg Laws - racial laws-exclude Jews from citizenship, wear a yellow star, carry id card & no marriage btw Germs & Jews.

Nuremberg Laws - racial laws-exclude Jews from citizenship, wear a yellow star, carry id card & no marriage btw Germs & Jews.

Also banned from public buildings, transportation,cannot own, manage or work in stores.

Also banned from public buildings, transportation,cannot own, manage or work in stores.

KRISTALLNACHT - (night of shattered glass) Nov 9, 1939- Nazi’s, kill 100, destroy 7000 businesses & synagogues 30,000 men sent to camps

KRISTALLNACHT - (night of shattered glass) Nov 9, 1939- Nazi’s, kill 100, destroy 7000 businesses & synagogues

30,000 men sent to camps