Fundamentalism was a religious movement in the 1920s concerned with America's moral decline due to modern consumer culture and urbanization. Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and rejected Darwin's theory of evolution. In 1925, the Butler Act in Tennessee outlawed teaching evolution in schools. This led to the Scopes Trial, where high school teacher John Scopes was prosecuted for teaching evolution and defended by Clarence Darrow against prosecutor William Jennings Bryan. Though found guilty, the trial hurt fundamentalism's image and political influence.
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