This document discusses plagiarism issues related to English language learners (ELLs). It presents shocking statistics about cheating among high school and college students. It defines plagiarism and copyright, and notes that while fair use allows using copyrighted materials for educational purposes like class assignments, failing to properly cite sources constitutes plagiarism. The document discusses how cultural differences, lack of English proficiency and academic skills, and teacher deficits can contribute to unintentional plagiarism among ELLs. It provides helpful online tools for learning about plagiarism and proper citation.

1. Plagiarism and ELLs
More to the Issue than Meets the Eye
Michael Krauss

2. Shocking Statistics
• Surveys in U.S. News and World Report:
– 80 % of high achieving hs ss admit to cheating
– 51% of h.s. ss did not believe cheating was wrong
– 95% of those cheating said had not been caught
– 75% of college students admitted cheating

3. Copyright and Plagiarism
• Protects authors of “original works”
• Can be literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, other
intellectual work
• No © needed
• Can be published or unpublished
• Presto, like magic, copyright is created

4. Copyright and Plagiarism
• Without permission from © holder one can’t:
– Reproduce copies of the work
– Create derivatives
– Distribute copies
– Perform the work publicly
– Display the work publicly UNLESS

5. Copyright and Plagiarism
• You follow “Fair Use” (What is that??)
• “Squishy” – 4 factors considered:
– Purpose: For profit? No? Educational?
– Nature of the copyrighted work?
– Amount of work used compared to whole
– Effect of use on value of copyrighted work

6. Copyright and Plagiarism
• Generally. . . using materials for class paper or
presentation = Fair Use!
– No need to get permission
– But you must properly cite source for text or
media
– If you don’t = Plagiarism!

7. What is Plagiarism?
• Turning in someone else’s work as your own
• Copying words or ideas without giving credit
• Failing to put quotation marks around quotes
• Giving incorrect information about a source

8. What is Plagiarism?
• Paraphrasing without giving credit
• Copying so much of a work that it is not really
yours (whether you give credit or not)

9. Preventing Plagiarism
• Make students aware of what plagiarism is
• Let them know it’s a “strict liability” offense (no
intent required)
• Let students know the serious consequences
• Help students learn the academic skills needed
• Provide resources to help students cite correctly

10. From My Experience
– Plagiarism caused by culture of ELL:
• Books and authors are the experts, not students
• Helping a fellow student in need is not optional
• Memorizing and reciting verbatim is respected
• Plagiarism is treated less seriously in home country
• Internet sources are viewed as belonging to everyone

11. From My Experience
• Plagiarism caused by lack of ELL knowledge
and L2 skills:
– Students lack background knowledge in topic
– Students lack reading ability to comprehend
– Students lack oral ability to discuss reading

12. From My Experience
• Plagiarism occurs due to lack of ELL academic
skills:
– Students lack ability to take notes effectively
– Students lack ability to summarize
– Students lack ability to paraphrase
– Students don’t know mechanics of citation

13. From My Experience
• Plagiarism occurs due to teacher deficits:
– Not explaining ramifications
– Not guiding choice of student topic
– Not showing ease of getting caught!

14. From My Experience
• Plagiarism occurs due to teacher deficits:
– Not conferencing with students
– Not using process approach to writing
– Not following through on announced penalties

15. Helpful Tools
• Arcadia University Plagiarism Tutorial
http://library.acadiau.ca/tutorials/plagiarism/
• Google – copy and paste a suspect phrase.
http://www.google.com
• Son of Citation Machine
http://citationmachine.net/index2.php

16. Helpful Tools
• Creative Commons -Youtube introduction
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_P-bQB8zUSo
• Photo Pin – Access Creative Commons images
http://photopin.com/
• Fair Use Checklist - Kenneth D. Crews (Columbia University) and
Dwayne K. Buttler (University of Louisville).
http://copyright.columbia.edu/copyright/files/2009/10/fairusechec
klist.pdf

17. References
• Columbia University Libraries/Information Services -
Copyright Advisory Office
http://copyright.columbia.edu/copyright/
• Penn State University Library - Copyright and Plagiarism
http://www.libraries.psu.edu/psul/lls/students/using_informa
tion.html
• Plagiarism.org http://www.plagiarism.org/index.html
• Purdue OWL - Documenting Electronic Sources
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/584/