This document discusses the four states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. It defines each state and provides examples. Solids have a definite shape and volume, with molecules vibrating in place. Liquids can change shape but not volume, with molecules moving faster than solids but not enough to be independent. Gases have molecules moving independently and able to change both shape and volume. Plasma does not have a definite shape or volume, with particles broken apart. The document also explains Boyle's and Charles' gas laws regarding the relationships between pressure, volume, and temperature for gases.

1. Chapter 3Chapter 3
Section 1Section 1
States of matterStates of matter

2. VocabularyVocabulary
 States of matter: the physical forms in which aStates of matter: the physical forms in which a
substance can existsubstance can exist
 Solid: state of matter that has a definite shapeSolid: state of matter that has a definite shape
and volumeand volume
 Liquid: state of matter that takes the shape of itsLiquid: state of matter that takes the shape of its
container, but has definite volumecontainer, but has definite volume
 Gas: state in which matter changes both shapeGas: state in which matter changes both shape
and volumeand volume
 Pressure: the amount of force exerted on aPressure: the amount of force exerted on a
given areagiven area

3. More vocabularyMore vocabulary
 Boyles’ law: states that for a fixed amount ofBoyles’ law: states that for a fixed amount of
gas at a constant temperature, the volume of agas at a constant temperature, the volume of a
gas increases as its pressure decreasesgas increases as its pressure decreases
 Charles law: states that for a fixed amount ofCharles law: states that for a fixed amount of
gas at a constant pressure, the volume of thegas at a constant pressure, the volume of the
gas increases as its temperature increases.gas increases as its temperature increases.
 Plasma: is the state of matter that does notPlasma: is the state of matter that does not
have a definite shape or volume and whosehave a definite shape or volume and whose
particles have broken apart.particles have broken apart.

4. States of MatterStates of Matter
 4 States of Matter4 States of Matter
the speed of individual molecules determinesthe speed of individual molecules determines
which state matter will takewhich state matter will take
Solid: molecules move slowlySolid: molecules move slowly
LiquidLiquid
PlasmaPlasma
Gas: molecules move very fastGas: molecules move very fast

5. SolidSolid
 Particles vibrate in placeParticles vibrate in place
 Molecules are moving but not fast enoughMolecules are moving but not fast enough
to overcome the attraction between them.to overcome the attraction between them.
 Keeps its original shape and volumeKeeps its original shape and volume
 Two types:Two types:
Crystalline: orderly arrangementCrystalline: orderly arrangement
Examples: iron, diamond, iceExamples: iron, diamond, ice
Amorphous: no orderly arrangementAmorphous: no orderly arrangement
Examples: rubber and waxExamples: rubber and wax

6. LiquidLiquid
 Molecules move fast enough to overcomeMolecules move fast enough to overcome
some of the attraction between themsome of the attraction between them
 Particles can slide passed each otherParticles can slide passed each other
Particles can squeeze closer to each other.Particles can squeeze closer to each other.
Example use: brake fluidExample use: brake fluid
 Can change shape, but not volumeCan change shape, but not volume
 Important propertiesImportant properties
Surface tension: form round dropletsSurface tension: form round droplets
Viscosity: resistance to flowViscosity: resistance to flow

7. GasGas
 Particles move fast enough to overcomeParticles move fast enough to overcome
almost all of the attraction between themalmost all of the attraction between them
Particles move independent of each otherParticles move independent of each other
 Can change both shape and volumeCan change both shape and volume
Dependent on pressureDependent on pressure
Example: helium gas in tank vs. balloonExample: helium gas in tank vs. balloon

8. PlasmaPlasma
 Does not have definite shape or volumeDoes not have definite shape or volume
 Particles have been broken apart fromParticles have been broken apart from
each othereach other
 PropertiesProperties
Conduct electric currentConduct electric current
Affected by magnetic fieldsAffected by magnetic fields
 ExamplesExamples
The sun and starsThe sun and stars
Lightning, fire, aurora borealisLightning, fire, aurora borealis

9. Boyle’s LawBoyle’s Law
 Gas lawGas law
When temperature is held constantWhen temperature is held constant
If you increase pressure---volume decerasesIf you increase pressure---volume decerases
If you decrease pressure—volume increasesIf you decrease pressure—volume increases

10. Charles LawCharles Law
 Gas LawGas Law
When pressure is held constantWhen pressure is held constant
If temperature increases—volume increasesIf temperature increases—volume increases
If temperature decrease---volume decreasesIf temperature decrease---volume decreases