HB 2018- Sugar maple leaf and twig traits

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melnhe

Alexander Young

Science

Tree canopies: a vertical gradient of light
• Foliar traits should be distributed to optimize light use efficiency

Tree canopies: a vertical gradient of light
• Foliar traits should be distributed to optimize light use efficiency
0
-10
-20
Light Intensity
0
-10
-20
Light Intensity

Tree canopies: a vertical gradient of light
• Foliar traits should be distributed to optimize light use efficiency
0
-10
-20
Light Intensity
“sun” leaf
“shade” leaf

Tree canopies: a vertical gradient of leaf size
• Foliar traits should be distributed to optimize light use efficiency
“sun” leaf
“shade” leaf
Leaf area (cm2)
mass(g)

Tree canopies: a vertical gradient of leaf size
• Foliar traits should be distributed to optimize light use efficiency
0
-10
-20
Specific Leaf Area (cm2/g)
“sun” leaf
“shade” leaf
Leaf area (cm2)
mass(g)
*SLA increases with leaf width*

Tree canopies: a vertical gradient of Nitrogen
• Foliar traits should be distributed to optimize light use efficiency
0
-10
-20
Nitrogen (mg/g)
“sun” leaf
“shade” leaf
Nitrogen: (mg/g)

Models with no vertical variation in nitrogen overestimate
carbon assimilation by up to 60% (Coble et al. 2016. Tree physiology)

Do nutrient treatments alter the gradient of
foliar traits within sugar maple canopies?
• Specific leaf area
• Leaf nitrogen
• Chlorophyll A
- +
- Control N
+ P NP
N
P

Are particular foliar traits important drivers
of nutrient treatment response?
Leaf chemistry
• Dilute acid soluble ions, Total ions

PC2
PC1
Are particular foliar traits important drivers
of nutrient treatment response?
No underlying pattern
Leaf chemistry
• Dilute acid soluble ions, Total ions
Are particular foliar traits important drivers
of nutrient treatment response?

PC2
PC1
PC2
PC1
No underlying pattern Underlying pattern in data
Leaf chemistry
• Dilute acid soluble ions, Total ions
Are particular foliar traits important drivers
of nutrient treatment response?

3 Mature Stands
4 nutrient treatments
1 ~20m tall tree per plot
12 trees

Specific leaf area is
higher in N+P and N

Specific leaf area is
higher in N, and N+P

Nitrogen concentration
is higher in N+P and N

Specific leaf area is
higher in N, and N+P
Nitrogen concentration
is higher in N, and N+P

Chlorophyll concentration
is higher in N+P and N

Specific leaf area is
higher in N, and N+P
Nitrogen concentration
is higher in N, and N+P
Chlorophyll concentration
is higher in N, and N+P

Chl A
N
SLA
PC1 (69%)
PC2(23%)
Sun to shade leaves on PC1 (Chlorophyll A)

Ca
K
Mg
Soluble Ions
Mg
P
P
Zn
Mn
Ca
Zn
K
Total Ions
Mn
PC1 (89%)PC1 (39%)
PC2(24%)
PC 1 (39%)
PC2(5%)
Soluble Ions

Acknowledgements
• P.I.’s Dr. Ruth Yanai, Dr. Melany Fisk
• Dr. Rakesh Minocha, Stephanie Long
• John Drake, Danilo Fernando
• Jeff Merriam
• Summer crew 2017 and 2018
• NSF-REU “Canopy Herbivory and Tardigrades”

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HB 2018- Sugar maple leaf and twig traits

1. Sugar maple leaf traits respond to nitrogen, phosphorus, and vertical gradients Alexander Young • Ruth Yanai • Rakesh Minocha • John Drake • Danilo Fernando

2. Tree canopies: a vertical gradient of light • Foliar traits should be distributed to optimize light use efficiency

3. Tree canopies: a vertical gradient of light • Foliar traits should be distributed to optimize light use efficiency 0 -10 -20 Light Intensity 0 -10 -20 Light Intensity

4. Tree canopies: a vertical gradient of light • Foliar traits should be distributed to optimize light use efficiency 0 -10 -20 Light Intensity “sun” leaf “shade” leaf

5. Tree canopies: a vertical gradient of leaf size • Foliar traits should be distributed to optimize light use efficiency “sun” leaf “shade” leaf Leaf area (cm2) mass(g)

6. Tree canopies: a vertical gradient of leaf size • Foliar traits should be distributed to optimize light use efficiency 0 -10 -20 Specific Leaf Area (cm2/g) “sun” leaf “shade” leaf Leaf area (cm2) mass(g) *SLA increases with leaf width*

7. Tree canopies: a vertical gradient of Nitrogen • Foliar traits should be distributed to optimize light use efficiency 0 -10 -20 Nitrogen (mg/g) “sun” leaf “shade” leaf Nitrogen: (mg/g)

8. Tree canopies: a vertical gradient of Nitrogen • Foliar traits should be distributed to optimize light use efficiency 0 -10 -20 Nitrogen (mg/g) “sun” leaf “shade” leaf Nitrogen: (mg/g) *N concentration increases with leaf width*

9. Models with no vertical variation in nitrogen overestimate carbon assimilation by up to 60% (Coble et al. 2016. Tree physiology)

10. Climbing vs shotgun sampling

11. Do nutrient treatments alter the gradient of foliar traits within sugar maple canopies? • Specific leaf area • Leaf nitrogen • Chlorophyll A - + - Control N + P NP N P

12. Are particular foliar traits important drivers of nutrient treatment response? Leaf chemistry • Dilute acid soluble ions, Total ions

13. PC2 PC1 Are particular foliar traits important drivers of nutrient treatment response? No underlying pattern Leaf chemistry • Dilute acid soluble ions, Total ions Are particular foliar traits important drivers of nutrient treatment response?

14. PC2 PC1 PC2 PC1 No underlying pattern Underlying pattern in data Leaf chemistry • Dilute acid soluble ions, Total ions Are particular foliar traits important drivers of nutrient treatment response?

15. 3 Mature Stands 4 nutrient treatments 1 ~20m tall tree per plot 12 trees

16. Results

17. Leaves from 24 m Leaves from 14 m

18. Specific leaf area is higher in N+P and N

19. Specific leaf area is higher in N, and N+P

20. Nitrogen concentration is higher in N+P and N

21. Specific leaf area is higher in N, and N+P Nitrogen concentration is higher in N, and N+P

22. Chlorophyll concentration is higher in N+P and N

23. Specific leaf area is higher in N, and N+P Nitrogen concentration is higher in N, and N+P Chlorophyll concentration is higher in N, and N+P

24. Chl A N SLA PC1 (69%) PC2(23%) Sun to shade leaves on PC1 (Chlorophyll A)

25. Ca K Mg Soluble Ions Mg P P Zn Mn Ca Zn K Total Ions Mn PC1 (89%)PC1 (39%) PC2(24%) PC 1 (39%) PC2(5%) Soluble Ions

26. Acknowledgements • P.I.’s Dr. Ruth Yanai, Dr. Melany Fisk • Dr. Rakesh Minocha, Stephanie Long • John Drake, Danilo Fernando • Jeff Merriam • Summer crew 2017 and 2018 • NSF-REU “Canopy Herbivory and Tardigrades”

27. Future Directions

Editor's Notes

Points go from small to big, from sun to shade leaves. Shade leaves have higher N concentration. NP + N leaves are high in Nitrogen.

HB 2018- Sugar maple leaf and twig traits

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Editor's Notes