The document summarizes the use of the past simple and present perfect tenses in English. It discusses: 1) Using the past simple for completed actions that happened at a specific time in the past, habitual past actions, and actions that followed sequentially. 2) The formation of regular and irregular past simple verbs. 3) The difference between using the past simple, which emphasizes the action, and the present perfect, which emphasizes the present result of a past action. 4) Examples of using yet, already, ever, before, always, and only with the present perfect. 5) An exercise asking to put verbs in the correct present perfect form.

1. Universidad Central Del Ecuador
ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS
SIMPLE PAST
MAGALY TAPIA

2. We use the past simple for :
-Actions that started and were completed at a specif
time in the past.
-Habitual actions in the past.
-Completed actions that happened one after the other
in the past.

3. Formation of the Past Simple of
regular and irregular verbs
Regular verbs Examples
Most regular verbs: add-ed Started finished
Worked wanted
stayed
Regular verbs ending in –e : add - d Lived hated
Regular verbs ending in consonant + y: Studied
y- i and add –ed. married
Regulars verbs ending in consonant + stopped
vowel + consonant :
Double the last consonant .

4. FORMATION OF THE PAST SIMPLE
OF IRREGULAR VERBS
 Irregular verbs dont take – ed in the past simple .
come came
go went
see saw
teach taught
THERE ARE NO RULES FOR IRREGULAR VERBS.

5. Past simple of the verb be
I/ HE / SHE / IT WAS
YOU/ WE/ THEY WERE

6. UNIT 19
“I HAVE DONE AND I DID”
We use the present perfect for an
action in the past with a result
now.
They visit Paris. They´re visiting Paris. They´ve visited Paris.

7. PRESENT PERFECT
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
I
YOU HAVE Verb in past
C
HE participle
SHE HAS
IT
YOU
THEY
I have lost my passport.
We have bought a new television.

8. NEGATIVE SENTENCES
I
YOU
HE HAVE NOT Verb in past
SHE C
(haven´t/ hasn´t) participle
IT HAS
YOU
THEY
He has not (hasn´t) washed his car.
Tomas and Lisa have not(haven´t) gone out.

9. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
I
HAVE YOU
HE Verb in past
HAS SHE
IT
participle
?
YOU
THEY
Have you taken your medicine?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven´t.
Where has Mathew gone?
He has gone to London.

10. PRESENT PERFECT VS
SIMPLE PAST
The use of Simple Past and Present Perfect is quite strict. As
soon as a time expression in the past is given, you have to
use Simple Past.
If there are no signal words, you must decide if we just talk
about an action in the past or if its consequence in the
present is important, and you have to use Present Perfect.

11.  The Simple Past is used to talk about an action or a
situation or an event that happens in the past and is
completely finished in the past and dated
 I lived in France for ten years. (Simple Past, action
finished because now I live in Ecuador.
 The Present Perfect it's used for an event that take
place in the past but is still in progress in the present
or have an effect on the present.
I have eaten all the cake. (It is one action in the
past, and the result is there is no more cake, so
Present Perfect).

12. SIMPLE PAST EMPHASIS ON ACTION
I BOUGHT A NEW BIKE. (JUST TELLING WHAT I DID IN
THE PAST.)
PRESENT PERFECT EMPHASIS ON RESULT
I HAVE BOUGHT A NEW BIKE. (WITH THIS SENTENCE I
ACTUALLY WANT TO EXPRESS THAT I HAVE A NEW BIKE
NOW.)

13. PRESENTE PERFECT
With yet, already, ever, before, always, the superlative
and only.
Useyet at the end of questions to ask about recent
experiences.
Have you seen the Great Wall yet?
Has she tried Korean food yet?
Use already in affirmative statements and yet in negative
statements
I`ve already tried sushi, but I haven`t tried Indian food yet.

14.  Use ever and before in questions to ask about
someone’s life experiences.
Has Helen ever been to London?
Have you eaten tacos before?
 I’ve always wanted to see the Pyramids.
 King Lion is the best movie I’ve ever seen.
 My brother has only seen it once.

15. EXERCISES PRESENT PERFECT
Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect).
1.I (not / work) today.
2.We (buy) a new lamp.
3.We (not / plan) our holiday
yet.
4.Where (be / you) ?
5.He (write) five letters.