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Polymers
- 1. POLYMERSJuanjoArbonaMaria ClériguesDaniela HurtadoAitorMarquezMaria MedinaDaniel Rodriguez
- 2. Whatisapolymer?Polymers are organicmacromolecules formed by the union of monomers in a chemical process called polymerization.
- 3. TypesofpolymersThere are naturaland synthetic polymers
- 4. LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE:Low densitypolyethylene is an "addition polymer", formed by repeating units of ethylene.
- 5. Properties Good thermaland chemical resistance.
- 6. Good impactresistance.
- 7. It canbe transparent, depending on its thickness.
- 8. It canbe processed by the methods used for forming thermoplastics.
- 9. It ismore flexible than HDPE.
- 10. It presentsdifficulties to print, paint or paste on it.Applications Plastic bags.
- 11. Film forgreenhouses and other agricultural uses.
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- 13. Household items: cups, plates, cutlery ...
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- 15. Stretch filmto pack pallets.
- 16. Cable sheathing.high-densitypolyethyleneIt’s a thermoplastic polyethylene made by petroleum. It takes 1.75 kilograms of petroleum to make one kilogram of HDPE.
- 17. Properties It hasstronger intermolecular forces.
- 18. More tensilestrength than low-density polyethylene.
- 19. It isharder and more opaque than low-density polyethylene.
- 20. Can withstandhigher temperatures.
- 21. HDPE containsthe chemical elements carbon and hydrogen.Applications Arena board.
- 22. Portable basketballsystem bases.
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- 26. Ballistic plates.POLYPROPYLENE:Isa thermoplastic polymer, partially crystalline, obtained from the polymerization of propylene. It belongs to the group of polyolefin and it is used in a wide variety of applications.
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- 29. High resistanceto stress cracking
- 30. Great tendency tobe oxidized (problem usually solved by the addition of antioxidants)
- 31. It hasa degree of crystalline intermediate between the high-density polyethylene and low density.ApplicationsMolding of a wide variety of items; toys, bumpers of cars…
- 32. Blow moldinghollow containers: bottles, fuel tanks…
- 33. Thermoformed food containersfor applications that require resistance to high temperatures (microwave) or low temperature (frozen).
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- 35. Extrusion profiles, sheetsand tubes
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- 37. Medical or pharmaceuticalapplicationsPOLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE:"PET" is a type of plastic obtained by a polycondensation reaction between terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. Belongs to the so-called synthetic polyesters.
- 38. Properties High transparency,but can be tinted• High stiffness• High resistance to wear and corrosion.• Good chemical and thermal resistance.• Excellent barrier to CO2, O2 and acceptable moisture barrier.• Recyclable.• It can be in contact with food.• Good electrical insulator
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- 41. Industrial fiber:ropes, fabrics…
- 42. Films forfood packaging
- 43. Films formotors isolation POLYVINYL CHLORIDEKnown member of the family of thermoplastics. It is a polymer derived from two natural raw materials: sodium chloride and petroleum.
- 44. Properties Very goodelectrical resistance.
- 45. Ductile andtenacious.
- 46. High resistanceto abrasion.
- 47. Stable andinert.
- 48. It canlast up more than sixty years.
- 49. Low costof installation.Applications Construction: portable water pipes, windows, doors, electrical conduit and telecommunications, wall papers…
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- 51. Films :candy, foods…
- 52. Jars: food,cosmetics…
- 53. Blisters: drugs,sundries…
- 54. Parts ofelectrical appliances
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- 56. Insulation ofwiresPOLYSTYRENEIt is a thermoplastic polymer that is obtained of the polymerization of the styrene. There are four types of polystyrene: the PS crystal, the polystyrene of high place in the environment, the expanded polystyrene and the polystyrene extrudate..
- 57. PropertiesIt presents thelowest thermal conductivity of all the thermoplastics.
- 58. It hasn’t gotresistance to the temperature.
- 59. The polystyrene hasvery low electrical conductivity.
- 60. It can floatin the water.Applications It’s a material very cheap.
- 61. It is inuse like insulating thermal and acoustic.
- 62. It uses asthermal isolation in soils
- 63. It is usedfor the production of disposable packings.QUESTIONARY ANSWERS1. Which are the main characteristics of a polymer?Organic
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- 65. Changeable shape2. Weknow that an element is organic because it is formed by carbon.
- 66. 3. Which ofthose polymers are natural? Which are synthetic?NaturalNaturalNaturalNaturalSyntheticSyntheticSyntheticSynthetic4. Write two differences between low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene:High-density polyethylene is harder than low-density polyethylene
- 67. Low-density polyethylene ismore flexible than high-density polyethyleneTHERE ARE MORE THAN THOSE POSSIBILITIES5. High-density polyethylene is made by petroleum.
- 68. 6. Polypropylene isobtained from the polymerization of propylene.7. Are those affirmations about the propylene true or false?8. “PET” is a type of plastic obtained by a polycondensation reaction between terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. 9. Write two applications of polyethylene terephthalate: - Films for food packaging Films for motors isolation THERE ARE MORE THAN THOSE POSSIBILITIES
- 69. 10. Polyvinyl chlorideis derived from sodium chloride and petroleum.11. Write some principal uses of the polyvinyl chloride are: Construction, Films, Jars, Blisters, Plugs…12. Which are the four types of polystyrene?PS crystal, Polystyrene of high place in the environment, Expanded polystyrene and Polystyrene extrudate.13. Some properties of polystyrene are… (Choose the correct answers).a)It can float in the waterd) It hasn’t got resistance to high temperatures