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Causes of low vision in adult
1. CAUSES OF LOW VISION
IN ADULTS
Presenter:-Harshali Jadhav
Moderator :-KUNAL KISHOR
2. Definition
Low vision:- According to WHO
A person with low vision is are who has
impairment of visual function even after
treatment and/or standard refractive correction
and has an a acuity of less than 6/18 to light
perception or visual field less than 10* from the
point of fixation, but who uses or its potentially
able to use vision for the planning execution of
the task.
3. Introduction
The number of with low vision is increasing with
ageing of the population
Visual loss in adult is associated with many factors,
activity, limitation and lower quality of life
5. AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
It is an acquired retinal disorder
A degenerative change in retinal pigmented
epithelium
6. Subsequent degeneration of the over line rods and
cones
It results in progressive irreversible loss of central
vision
Due to fibrous scarring or geographic atrophy of the
macular area
8. VISUAL ACUITY :-
V/A May vary with extent of degeneration with dry
state ARMD
V/A can range from 20/20 to 20/400
Wet state ARMD V/A shows worse than 20/400
VISUAL FIELD:-
Demonstrate a central or Para central Scotoma with
normal peripheral findings
9. Most patient response well to magnification at
distance and near
Non-optical systems filters, tint , and sun lenses for
improve contrast and avoided glare and photophobia
10. CATARACT
It’s the opacification of crystaline lens
The types includes anterior and posterior subcapsular
, cortical, equatorial and nuclear
12. VISUAL ACUITY:-
V/A varies greatly dividing on the degree and location
of opacification
Acuity range from normal to severe vision
impairment
VISUAL FIELD:-
Central and peripheral visual field testing generally
source a relative generalize depression without focal
defects
13. LOW VISION MANAGEMENT:-
Direct lighting is generally for near point
activities
Glare can be reduce by use of Filters tint and sun
lenses
Patients response to magnification at distance
and near which may postpond the need of cataract
surgery
14. Non-optical system such as large print reading
material, bold line writing paper , typo scope .
15. DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
It’s a highly specific vascular complication
Independent Diabetic mellitus and Non -
Independent Diabetic Meliates
It is one of the leading cause of blindness
16. VISUAL ACUITY:-
V/A ranges from 20/20 to total blindness
VISUAL FIELD:-
In profilative disease retinal schemic loser scar and
retinal detachment can cause corresponding field loss
17. LOW VISION MANAGEMENT:-
Refractive error should be checked during at least to
different visits
Use of contact lens to correct refractive error
Corning photochromatic filter and sunlens that block
blue wavelength may improve contrast and eliminate
glare and photophobia
19. Eccentric viewing technique along with magnification
for distance and near
Non-optical device such as glucose monitor and
insulin syringe aid are helpful for the patient.
20. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
It is demilinating nerve fibers have on impaired
ability to conduct impulses at
physiological frequencies
21. VISUAL ACUITY:-
V/A ranges from normal to severely impaired
depending on the extend of ocular manifestation
VISUAL FIELD:-
Several pattern of visual field loss occurs of patients
with optic neuritis secondary to multiple sclerosis
Central and ceco-central scotomas may be present
22. LOW VISION MANAGEMENT:-
Magnification device for near and distance are
beneficial for patient with central vision loss
Spectacle mounted device
Corning photo chromatic filter, Tints and sunglasses
help to eliminate glare
Non-optical device such as direct lighting
23. MYOPIC DEGENERATION
It occurs due to accessive stretching of posterior
segment of the eye
It associated with increasing axial length
24. VISUAL ACUITY:-
V/A may be corrected by 20/20
High myopia can results in variety of visual field
defect
In more advanced state sub-retinal neo-vascular
membrane formation may occur causing further in
decrease in central acuity
25. LOW VISION MANAGEMENT:-
Optical correction of refractive error with
conventional spectacles or contact lenses usually
improve V/A
Direct illumination for near
26. Cont……..
When using spectacle lenses a small round frame,
high index lenses and anti reflection coating will help
to reduce peripheral distortion
For poor night vision flashlight is helpful
28. VISUAL ACUITY:-
V/A can be severely reduced , if there is involvement
of macular area
VISUAL FIELD :-
Field defect develops corresponding to the sight of
retina detachment
29. LOW VISION MANAGEMENT:-
Using sunglasses and tint can be eliminate glare and
photophobia
Direct illumination for near point task
Due to affected central vision a new correction may
be indicated
30. Cont………
If bilateral temporal detachment occurs presence may
be considered for improve mobility along with
orientation and mobility services
31. GLAUCOMA
It is an optic neuropathy cause by reduce blood flow
to the optic nerve resulting in peripheral visual field
loss progressing to central vision loss with severe
32. ETIOLOGY
Family history
Advanced age
Systemic vascular disease
Blunt ocular trauma
Pigment dispersion
Psuedo-exploxation
Rubio sis iriditis
Use of steroid drugs
Glaucoma in fellow eye
33. VISUAL ACUITY
Central v/a is generally un affected until the end stage
of disease
VISUAL FIELD
Early glaucomatous visual field defects includes Para
central Scotoma , nasal field loss from this area occur
as disease worse
34. LOW VISION MANAGEMENT:-
Electronic Magnification system such as closed circuit
television ( C.C.TV) increased contrast and brightness
Corning photo chromatic filter may reducing glare
and improving contrast
35. Minus lenses and reversible telescope helps the
Patient with intact central acuity and peripheral visual
field loss
36. To enhance visual field
Prisms or mirror system may stimulate peripheral
awareness
Create Orientation and mobility in end stage visual
field loss of galucoma patient
long cane travel can beneficial in end stage disease
Use of flash light in night travel