Viral diseases are caused by viruses entering the body and multiplying within cells. They spread through respiratory droplets, sexual contact, mosquito bites, and contaminated surfaces. Common viral diseases include the common cold, influenza, HIV/AIDS, chickenpox, and measles. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms while the immune system fights the virus. Antiviral drugs may also be used in some cases to shorten illnesses.

1. Diseases caused by viruses
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2. contents
Viruses – Introduction
Viral diseases
Causes
Symptoms
Treatment
Top 10 viral diseases

3. Viruses are very tiny organisms
with their diameters in
nanometers level. Viruses exist
almost everywhere, such like in
the air, soil and animal body.
Human body also harbors a lot
of viruses, but most of them do
not cause diseases. Human
immune system can generate
antibodies against viruses, the
antibody will recognize the virus
and destroy it.
viruses

4. Viral diseases
Viral diseases are extremely widespread infections caused by
viruses. There are many types of viruses that cause a wide variety
of viral diseases.
Viral diseases are contagious and spread from person to person when
a virus enters the body and begins to multiply. Common ways that
viruses spread from person to person include:
• Breathing in air-borne droplets contaminated with a virus
• Eating food or drinking water contaminated with a virus
• Having sexual contact with a person who is infected with a
sexually transmitted virus
• Indirect transmission from person to person by a virus host, such
as a mosquito, tick, or field mouse
• Touching surfaces or body fluids contaminated with a virus

5. Viral diseases result in a wide variety of symptoms
that vary in character and severity depending on the
type of viral infection and other factors, including the
person’s age and overall health.
Viral diseases are not treatable with antibiotics,
which can only cure bacterial diseases and infections.
However, the most common viral diseases, the
common cold and the flu, are self-limiting in
generally healthy people.
This means that the viral infection causes illness for a
period of time, then it resolves and symptoms
disappear as your immune system attacks the virus
and your body recovers.

6. In some cases, viral diseases can lead to serious,
possibly life-threatening complications, such as
dehydration, bacterial pneumonia, and other
secondary bacterial infections.
People at risk for complications include those who
have a chronic disease or a compromised immune
system, and the very young and very old. In
addition, certain types of sexually transmitted viral
infections, such as HIV/AIDS and HPV, can lead
to serious complications and death.

7. What causes viral diseases?
Viral infections occur when a virus enters the body and invades the
inside of the body’s cells in order to reproduce. If the body’s immune
system is unable to fight off the virus, it multiplies and spreads to
other cells, repeating the process and leading to a widespread
infection.
Types of viruses :
There are many types of viruses that cause a wide variety of viral infections or
viral diseases. common viruses include the following:
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS.
• human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause HPV infection, cervical dysplasia, genital
warts, and cervical cancer.
• Influenza viruses, such as H1N1, cause influenza (flu).
• Rhinoviruses cause the common cold.
• Varicella zoster virus causes shingles and chickenpox.

8. What are the symptoms of viral
diseases ? Flu-like symptoms (fatigue, fever, sore throat,
headache, cough, aches and pains)
 Gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea,
nausea and vomiting
 Irritability
 Malaise (general ill feeling)
 Rash
 Sneezing
 Stuffy nose, nasal congestion, runny nose, or
postnasal drip
 Swollen lymph nodes
 swollen tonsils
 unexplained weight loss

9. How are viral diseases treated?
Treatment of viral infections varies depending on the
specific virus and other factors. General treatment
measures are aimed at relieving your symptoms so that
you can get the rest you need to keep up your strength
and recover without developing complications.
General treatments for viral infections include:
• Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)
for fever, body aches, and pain
• Drinking extra fluids
• Getting extra rest and sleep
• Maintaining good nutrition

10. Prescription medications used to treat viral diseases
In some cases, certain medications may be prescribed to treat
viral diseases:
Antiretroviral medications, which can help people with
HIV/AIDS lead longer lives.
Antiviral drugs, which minimize the severity and length of some
viral infections, such as the flu, especially in people who are at
a high risk for serious complications. For example, the drugs
oseltamivir and zanamivir may be prescribed for some cases of
flu. These drugs are not appropriate for all people with the flu.

11. Complementary treatments
Complementary and traditional treatments will
not cure a viral disease but may help to
increase comfort, promote rest, and minimize
symptoms of viral diseases. Some possible
treatments include:
Chicken soup to help break up congestion
and provide easy-to-digest nutrients and extra
fluids to help keep up strength
Supplements or products that contain vitamin
C, Echinacea, or zinc
Using a vaporizer
Using mentholated ointments on the chest

12. Top ten viral diseases

13. 1. Common Cold
Causes: rhinovirus
Means of spread: droplets
Symptoms:
runny or stuffy nose, sore
throat, sneezing, slight fever
Cough, headache or body
aches, mild tiredness

14. 2. Influenza
Causes: influenza A and B
viruses
Means of spread: droplets
Symptoms:
• dry, hacking cough
• fever or chills
• sore throat
• muscle or body aches,
headache
• stuffy and runny nose
• profound fatigue

15. 3.AIDS
virus type:
Retrovirus(RNA)
Organs Affected:
lymphocytes
Transmission:
contact with fluids,
Sexual contact

16. 4. Chicken Pox
virus type: DNA
Organs Affected:
Skin, Nervous
System
Transmission:
contact, Droplets

17. 5. Measles
virus type: RNA
Organs Affected:
Respiratory Tract, Skin
Transmission:
contact, Droplets

18. 6. Dengue fever
virus type: RNA
Organs Affected: Blood,
Muscles
Transmission: Mosquito
( Aedes Aegypti )

19. 7. Hepatitis A
virus type: RNA
Organs Affected: liver
Transmission:
Food, Water, Contact

20. 8. Hepatitis B
virus type: DNA
Organs Affected: liver
Transmission:
Contact with body
Fluids

21. 9. polio
virus type: RNA
Organs Affected: Intestine,
Brain, Spinal Cord
Transmission:
Food, Water, Contact

22. 10. Rabies
virus type: RNA
Organs Affected: Brain,
Spinal Cord
Transmission: Contact
with body fluids