Cell division involves the duplication of genetic material and splitting of the mother cell into two daughter cells. It occurs through the cell cycle, which consists of interphase and the mitotic phase. Interphase involves cell growth and DNA synthesis, while the mitotic phase includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase where the duplicated chromosomes properly align and separate into the two daughter cells. Precise control and regulation at checkpoints throughout the cell cycle ensures accurate division.

1. Cell cycle
Biology 3 Kawashima
Philippine Science High School
SY 2009-2010

2. Roles of Cell Division
Reproduction
Growth and Development
Renewal and Repair

3. What happens in cell division?
Duplication
Cell growth of genetic Fission
material

6. 90% of the cell
Cell growth
cycle
Interphase
Checkpoints for
DNA synthesis
cell division

7. Interphase Mitotic Phase
G1 Prophase
Metaphase
S
Anaphase
G2 Telophase

8. Genome Chromosome Chromatin
• All genetic • Condensed • Uncondensed
information DNA state of DNA
packaging molecule
• Single DNA
molecule

10. Chromatin condenses
during prophase
• Nucleoli disappear
• Duplicated
chromosomes appear as
sister chromatids joined
at the centromere
• Microtubules begin to
extend from the
centrosome
• Lengthening of
microtubules propel
centrosomes to move
away from each other

11. Sister chromatids organize
during prometaphase
• Nuclear envelope
fragments
• Sister chromatids
develop a kinetochore –
a protein structure found
at the centromere
• Microtubules interact
with sister chromatids at
their kinetochores

12. Sister chromatids align at
the metaphase plate
during metaphase
• Metaphase plate an
imaginary plane
equidistant between the
poles
• Centrosomes now at
opposite ends of the cell
• Each chromosome has
numerous kinetochore
microtubules attached
• Longest stage of mitosis

13. Sister chromatids separate
during anaphase
• Liberated chromosomes
move towards the poles
through “walking”
centromere region first
• Nonkinetochore
microtubules lengthen
elongating the cell

14. Chromosomes become less
condensed during
telophase
• Two daughter nuclei
form
• Nuclear envelop reforms,
arising from the
endomembrane system
• Division of one nucleus
into two genetically
identical nuclei – mitosis
– is now complete

15. Cytokenesis is the division
of the cytoplasm
• Cytokenesis begins in
telophase
• In animals, formation of
cleavage furrow
“pinches” the cell into
two
• In plants, a cell plate
forms to divide the
cytoplasm into distinct
cells

16. Read on Cell Cycle Checkpoints
and Cancer