A report on two communication theories, namely, Adaptive Structuration Theory by Marshall Scott Poole and Information Systems Approach to Organizations by Karl Weick Created using Microsoft PowerPoint

1. ADAPTIVE
THEORY

2. (freely chosen human action)
(group structures)

3. The answer?

4. “Membersingroupsarecreatingthegroupastheyactwithinit…Alotoftimespeopleingroupsbuildupstructuresorarrangementsthatareveryuncomfortableforthem,buttheydon’trealizethatthey’redoingit.Thepointofstructurationtheoryistomakethemawareoftherulesandresourcesthatthey’reusingsothattheycanhavemorecontroloverwhattheydoingroups.”
-MarshallScottPoole

5. 1.Orientation
2.Conflict
3.Coalescence
4.Development
5.Integration
Poolediscoveredthatonlyaquarterofthegroupsactuallyfollowedthediscussionpatternlaidoutinthesingle-sequencemodel.

6. Structure-bothamanifestationandaproductofcommunicationintheorganization.
Ex:groupcomposition,communicationnetworks,statushierarchies,taskrequirements,groupnorms,peerpressure.

7. theproductionandreproductionofsocialsystemsthroughgroupmembers’useofrulesandresourcesininteraction
(AnthonyGiddens)
Interaction–peoplearerelativelyfreetoactastheywill

8. theproductionandreproductionofsocialsystemsthroughgroupmembers’useofrulesandresourcesininteraction
(AnthonyGiddens)
Rules–implicitformulasforaction; propositionsthatindicatehowthingsoughttobedoneorwhatisgoodorbad;recipesforactions

9. theproductionandreproductionofsocialsystemsthroughgroupmembers’useofrulesandresourcesininteraction
(AnthonyGiddens)
Resources–refertoallrelevantpersonaltraits,abilities,knowledge,andpossessionspeoplebringtoaninteraction

10. theproductionandreproductionofsocialsystemsthroughgroupmembers’useofrulesandresourcesininteraction
(AnthonyGiddens)
Productionofsocialsystems–aprocesssimilartothe“creationofsocialrealities”; occurswhenpeopleuserulesandresourcesininteraction

11. theproductionandreproductionofsocialsystemsthroughgroupmembers’useofrulesandresourcesininteraction
(AnthonyGiddens)
Reproduction–occurswheneveractionsreinforcefeaturesofsystemsalreadyinplace,andmaintainthestatusquo

13. Giddensobservedthatmembersoftaskgroupsintentionallyadaptrulesandresourcestoaccomplishdecision-makinggoals
Interaction–intentionalactsofgroupmemberswhoareawareofwhatthey’redoing

14. 1.Communicationinsmalltask-groupsmakesadifference.
2.Adaptivestructurationtheoryhasa“criticaledge”.

15. Appropriation–adoptingaruleorresourcefromanothergrouporthelargerculture
Dualityofstructure–theideathatrulesandresourcesareboththemeansandendsofgroupinteraction

16. INFORMATION
ORGANIZATIONS

18. Uncertainty
-denotesalackofinformation.Peoplewhoareuncertainlookformorefactsandawaytointerpretthem.
Equivocality
-referstosituationswherepeoplefacethechoiceoftwoormorealternativeinterpretations,eachofwhichcouldaccountforwhat’sgoingon.

19. Sensemaking
-givingmeaningtoexperience;howwestructuretheunknownsoastobeabletoactonitmappingunfamiliarterritory
Alooselycoupledsystem
-isrepresentedbyvariantkindsofinterconnectedness

20. CAL
CSSP
CMC
SE

21. Requisitevariety
-thedegreeofcomplexityanddiversitywithintheorganizationneedstomatchtheequivocalityofthedataitprocesses.
Doubleinteract
-basicunitofinterconnectedness;consistsofthreeelements—act,response,andadjustment

22. Doubleinteractloop:
Student
Professor

23. Loosecoupling
-feedbackloopsinoneareaoftheorganizationhavelittleincommonwiththedoubleinteractsoccurringinanotherareaoftheorganization

24. EnactmentSelectionRetention
Enactment
-action(asapreconditionforsensemaking)
Selection
-”retrospectivesensemaking”
Retention
-thewaysystemsremember;collectivememory

25. Griffin, E. (2009). A first look at communication theory. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Littlejohn, S.W. & Foss, K.A. (2008). Theories of human communication.Australia: Thomson Wadsworth.
Structuration theory. (n.d.). InEncyclopædiaBritannica online. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/t opic/763077/structuration- theory#toc312237