3. Similarities & Differences
Comparing
Highlight similarities & differences of a citation for a
book and an article
Analogy
Highlight how description of an everyday item is
similar to the elements need to cite (describe) a book
4. Summarizing
T-R-I Frame Topic (T), Restriction (R), Illustration (I)
What is the book about in general? How to
complete proper citations and avoid
plagiarism.
What information does the author give that
restricts the general topic? Difference
between a direct quote and a paraphrase.
What example is given to illustrate the
restriction? Paraphrasing is expressing the
meaning using different words.
5. Summarizing
Problem/Solution Frame
What is the problem? Keeping notes
organized.
What is a possible solution? Fill in
blanks on your graphic organizer as
soon as you use a source. Fill in blanks
recording necessary information such
as title, authors, and publisher.
6. Summarizing
The Definition Frame
What is being defined? Web site
citation.
What characteristics separate the item
from other things in the category?
URL, lack of pagination.
7. Nonlinguistic Representations
Mental Pictures
Ask students to imagine that they are
getting ready to begin the researching
in the library. What materials do the
students need to have on hand to
make certain accurate notes are taken?
8. Nonlinguistic Representations
Illustrations and Animations
Consistently use a Book Builder agent
to represent a specific instructional
strategy
Sound
Audio component of Book Builder
agents
9. Setting Objectives
Use Book Builder agents to share
objectives with students
Provide short term goals through
book
10. Providing Feedback
Use self-assessment tools
Have agent ask a student to construct
a citation for a given item
11. Cues
Provide clear previews for what a
student is about to experience
To introduce the book, present the
following cues:
The book is about correctly using citations
The book is about creating citations from
sources consulted
12. Cues
Ask students what they already know
about the content before instruction is
presented
13. Cues & Advanced Organizers
Expository Advanced Organizer
Detailed Information
Examples
Narrative Advanced Organizer
Agent can tell a story about a situation
in which s/he and to paraphrase
14. Works Cited
Brown, A., & Green, T. (2011). The Essentials of Instructional
Design. Boston: Pearson.
Marzano, R. J., Gaddy, B. B., Dean, C., & Mid-Continent
Research for Education and Learning, A. O. (2000).
What Works in Classroom Instruction. Available from
http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED468434.pdf
