Unit 3, Lesson 3.6 - Microorganisms Lesson Outline: 1. Introduction 2. Fungi 3. Protozoans 4. Bacteria 5. Viruses

1. Microorganisms
UNIT THREE, LESSON 3.6
BY MARGIELENE D. JUDAN

2. LESSON OUTLINE
Activity
Introduction
Fungi
Protozoans
Bacteria
Viruses

3. Through the help of microscopes,
biology became a complex
science. It enabled us to cure
more diseases and explore life at a
detailed level. Many things that
cannot be seen by the naked eye
have been discovered: cells,
tissues, and microorganisms.

4. Turn to p.112. We will compare the
microorganisms in a stagnant
water, moist stale bread, and hay
infusion under a microscope. Get
your notebook. Draw the
organisms that you will see in
each setup.

5. Microorganisms in stagnant water

7. Microorganisms in moist stale
bread

9. Microorganisms in hay infusion

11. Compare and contrast the
organisms in each setup. Write
them also on your notebook. (9
pts)
*Drawing = 2 pts each (6pts)
Total = 15 pts

12. All the
specimens you
encountered in
the activity are
microorganisms
.

13. Microorganisms in stagnant water
euglena
oscillatoria
anabaenaamoeba (rarely seen)

14. Microorganisms in moist stale
bread
Bread mold or Rhizopus

15. Microorganisms in hay infusion
Paramecium

16. Did you know that
microorganisms are
the most diverse
organisms on the
planet?

17. The group, led by microbiologist
William B. Whitman, estimates
the number to be five million
trillion trillion that's a five with 30
zeroes after it.

18. 5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,0
00,000,000 bacteria! And that
doesn’t include other
microorganisms like the viruses,
fungi and protists!

19. If each bacterium were a penny
(coin), the stack would reach a
trillion light years. That’s a way
farther than the farthest galaxy
discovered, which is just 13.3
billion light years away.

20. Microorganisms are
present everywhere
on earth. They can
thrive in harsh
environments
including lava pits,
acidic environments
and the arctic.

21. Types of Microorganisms
1. Fungi
2. Protozoans
3. Bacteria
4. Viruses

22. FUNGI
Plant-like organisms (but
have no chlorophyll)
Some act as decomposers
(ex. Mushrooms, yeast,
mold, penicillium)

23. FUNGI
Two species of fungi:
1. Penicillium notatum – source of antibiotic Penicillin
2. Aspergillus flavus – source of aspergillic acid

24. FUNGI
Some are beneficial (ex.
yeast)
Some are harmful (ex.
Pathogenic fungi like Tinea
capitis, they cause fungal
infections like buni, athlete’s
foot, etc.)

25. PROTOZOANS
Unicellular (single celled) and
eukaryotic (have nucleus)
Vary in shape and locomotive
structure: flagella, cilia, or
pseudopodia*
(*pseudo=false, podia=feet;
false feet)
Different forms of an amoeba

26. PROTOZOANS
Some species are
parasitic; you get
infected usually by
eating/drinking
See the video (next
slide) of an amoeba
eating two paramecia
(also a protozoan)

28. PROTOZOANS
Some examples:
1. Amoeba – irregularly-
shaped; some parasitic;
moves by pseudopodia
2. Trypanosoma – moves by
flagella (tail); can cause
sleeping sickness via tsetse
fly.
amoeba
Notice the resemblance of
a trypanosome to an eel

29. PROTOZOANS
Some examples:
3. Trichonympha – moves by
flagella; lives inside termites
(they help digest wood)
4. Plasmodium – nonmotile
(doesn’t move); all species
parasitic; can cause malaria
via the mosquito Anopheles
Trichonympha (termite guts)
Plasmodium

30. BACTERIA
Smallest among the
microorganisms;
smallest living cells;
simpler cell structure
Prokaryotic (no nucleus)
Most bacteria are
harmless (though we
often think of them as
the cause of a disease)

31. BACTERIA
Important for life; they help in
various environmental process
(ex. Decomposition, nitrogen
cycle, oxygen cycle, carbon
cycle, etc. by converting
substances to usable forms)
They help in a process called
decay. They break (eat) organic
products and recycle them.

32. BACTERIA
Germ Theory of Disease (by
Louis Pasteur)
Bacteria can cause disease by:
1. Becoming so numerous that
they *interfere w/ the normal
functioning of the body
2. Some produce toxins or
poisons that *.

33. BACTERIA
Types of Bacteria (3 Major
Groups)
1. Coccus – spherical
2. Bacillus – rod-shaped
3. Spirillum – spiral

34. VIRUSES
Marginal organisms (they are
not living things because they
lack some characteristics of
living things)
They always rely on a host to
reproduce (become living).
Virus + host = living
Virus alone = nonliving

35. VIRUSES
When not attached into a
host, they exist as a protein
coat or capsid with DNA or
RNA inside. In some cases, they
are covered with spikes.
They are pathogenic (capable
of causing disease; ex. measles,
chicken pox, small pox, mumps,
rabies, and warts)

36. Picture Quiz tomorrow (15 items):
Know the
appearance of the
following by looking
at their pictures and
drawings (in your
notebook)
Fungi
1. Mold/Rhizopus
2. Yeast
Protozoans
1. Amoeba
2. Trypanosoma
3. Trichonympha
4. Plasmodium
5. Paramecium
6. Euglena
7. Oscillatoria
8. Anabaena
Bacteria (Structure)
1. Coccus
2. Bacillus
3. Sprillum
Virus

37. Assignment 1:
Answer p. 119 (Check Your Knowledge)

38. Assignment 2: Differentiate the
microorganisms in terms of:
a) Cell Structure
b) Nucleus (prokaryotic or eukaryotic)
c) Function and Activities
Write your answers in a whole sheet of paper. To be passed
two days after.

39. Sources:
Science Links 7
http://www.sdearthtimes.com/et0998/et0998s8.html
http://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/protozoa.htm
http://www.differencebetween.info/difference-between-
bacteria-and-protozoa
http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-
microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria