Transportation and Sustainability: EVs and the SmartGrid JohnThornton CleanFuture 090505

Transportation and Sustainability: Electric Vehicles (EVs) and the Smart Grid as Enabling Technologies John A. Thornton [email_address] Clean Energy Special Interest Group Oregon TiE (The Indus Entrepreneurs) Portland, Oregon USA May 5, 2009 Oregon TiE - Smart Grid / EV Presentation by John Thornton

Overview

Background

Electrification of Automobile

Sustainability imperative

Environmental, economic, energy independence/geopolitical (and other) rationale

EVs and the Smart Grid

Start-ups and job creation

Oregon TiE - Smart Grid / EV Presentation by John Thornton

Affiliations & Disclaimer Oregon TiE - Smart Grid / EV Presentation by John Thornton

Technology Transformation xEV Transformation Dirty “ Old” technology Inefficient Clean “ New” technology Efficient EV PHEV NEV FCEV etc., etc. Hybrid (HEV) Tiny Explosions inside engine Oregon TiE - Smart Grid / EV Presentation by John Thornton

Electrification of Transport Oregon TiE - Smart Grid / EV Presentation by John Thornton

Transportation Problems CONFIDENTIAL Oregon TiE - Smart Grid / EV Presentation by John Thornton Air Quality Air Quality Land Use Land Use Population Growth Population Growth Congestion Congestion Fuel Prices Fuel Prices

CONFIDENTIAL Air Quality Air Quality Land Use Land Use Population Growth Population Growth Congestion Congestion Climate Change Energy Supply Climate Change Energy Supply Transportation Problems Oregon TiE - Smart Grid / EV Presentation by John Thornton X X Fuel Prices Fuel Prices

EVs as a Sustainability Solution Residential Commercial Electric Power EVs and PHEVs diversify energy supply Electricity is a cleaner “fuel” EVs and PHEVs have lower Wells-to-wheels impact Off-peak capacity Energy can come from renewable sources (RPS) Oregon TiE - Smart Grid / EV Presentation by John Thornton

Electricity – Growing Greener: Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) Source: Pew Center for Global Climate Change (September 2008) http://www.pewclimate.org/what_s_being_done/in_the_states/rps.cfm OR: 25% by 2025 WA: 15% by 2020 CA: 20% by 2010 NV: 20% by 2015 AZ: 15% by 2025 MT: 15% by 2015 Oregon TiE - Smart Grid / EV Presentation by John Thornton

Renewables and Variability Oregon TiE - Smart Grid / EV Presentation by John Thornton

EVs and the Smart Grid

Smart Grid

A power supply system equipped with real-time communication, digital automation, transactive coordination, and resource control technology.

Capable of two-way interaction with load, generation and storage resources

Smart Grid technology manages flow of power to/from EVs

Smart Charging

Allows utilities to manage the one-way flow of electricity to EVs, within parameters set by owners. Able to adapt charging to grid requirements

Slowing during high demand

Increasing with availability of renewable energy

Vehicle to Grid (V2G)

Manages the two-way flow of power to between EVs and the grid. Electricity can be stored in the vehicle and returned to the grid as needed.

xEV, Building and Grid Interconnection Scenarios

V0G - Vehicle starts charging as soon as plugged in, like an appliance

TC (Timed Charge) – vehicle charges at a given time.

V1G (Smart Charging) – vehicle charges with intelligence.

V1.0G – Smart Charge controls and user-interface (UI) on vehicle

V1.5G – Smart Charging with off-board communication – DR or limited A/S

V2B (Vehicle-to-Building): like V2G, except with building (not grid). “Microgrid-like application” with bi-directional energy flow

V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid): like V1G, except the car can discharge energy back to grid with bi-directional energy flow.

xEV, Building and Grid Interconnection Scenarios

V0G - Vehicle starts charging as soon as plugged in, like an appliance

TC (Timed Charge) – vehicle charges at a given time.

V1G (Smart Charging) – vehicle charges with intelligence.

V1.0G – Smart Charge controls and user-interface (UI) on vehicle

V1.5G – Smart Charging with off-board communication – DR or limited A/S

V2B (Vehicle-to-Building): like V2G, except with building (not grid). “Microgrid-like application” with bi-directional energy flow

V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid): like V1G, except the car can discharge energy back to grid with bi-directional energy flow.

Smart Charging

Smart Charging refers to a spectrum of technologies that involve plug‐in vehicles, either plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) or dedicated electric vehicles (EV), together referred to as plug‐in vehicles, interacting with the electrical grid beyond simple charging of the vehicle batteries .