Presentation by Jim Lunt of Jim Lunt & Associates LLC.

1. Bio-feedstocks, Chemicals and Polymers.
Trends, Success Stories and Challenges.
KISBP 2012
January 30, 2014.

2. Presentation Outline
 Bio materials definitions.
 Present and Emerging Bio-Feedstock's .
 Emerging Bio Chemicals and Players.
 First Generation Bioplastics.
 Second Generation Biobased Plastics.
 Bioplastics Growth Projections and Market Trends.
 Applications in Use Today for Bioplastics.

3. Basic Definitions for Bioproducts.
Biobased Products
Must be organic and contain some percentage of recently
fixed (new) carbon found in biological resources or crops.
Focus on renewable resource based origin.
Uses C14 content measurement.
Biodegradable or Compostable Bioplastics
Meet all scientifically recognized standards for
biodegradability and compostability of plastics and plastic
products.
Independent of carbon origin-(i.e. Ecoflex, PBS, PLA ).
Focus is on end-of-life or disposability.

4. Common Renewable Feedstocks
Sugars: Sugar Beet, Sugar cane, sweet sorghum, corn dextrose.
Starches:
Corn, Cassava, sorghum, sweet potato, wheat.
Oils & Fats :
Edible: Coconut oil, palm oil, sunflower seed, soy beans.
Non Edible: Castor beans, Jatropha.

5. Concerns with Existing Feedstocks
from Food Crops
The Food versus Fuel debate:
•
Food Crops Diversion to Fuels/Plastics
•
Land Use
•
Fertilizer Use
•
Pesticide Use
•
The “Ripple Effect “
Use of GMO's

6. Biomass Feedstocks Under Consideration
Lignocellulose
(wood, corn stover, other agricultural residues)
Oil seeds
(soy, rape/canola, palm, coconut, Jatropha)
Microalgae
Macroalgae
(kelp)
Waste:



MSW, food processing (cellulosic)
Used fats and oils
Animal processing wastes
(rendering, feathers, hair, manure, etc.)

7. Green House Gases as Feedstocks
Novomer PPC
Newlight Technologies PHA’s

8. Biochemical Examples
Ethylene/ethylene glycol Braskem, India Glycols.
TPA
Gevo, Anellotech, Draths, Genomatica,
UOP, Global Bioenergies, Sabic,
Virent,Chemtex.
Succinic acid
PTT, DSM, BASF, Bioamber, Roquette,
Mitsubishi Chem., Myriant, Purac.
Rennovia, Verdezyne, Genomatica.
Genomatica.
Adipic acid
Butane diol
FDCA
Avantium.
Ketals
Segetis, XLTerra/Reluceo.
Caprolactam
Acrylic acid
Isosorbide
Propylene
Propane 1,3 diol
Draths.
Ceres, Dow/OPX.
ADM, Roquette.
Braskem.
DuPont / Tate & Lyle.

9. Bio Ethylene/Ethylene Glycol
India Glycols, GTC, FENC, JBF
fermentation
ethanol
sugar cane molasses
-H2O
+H2O
ethylene glycol
oxidation
ethylene oxide
ethylene

10. Biobased TPA
Virent Process.

11. Biobased Succinic Acid and Derivatives
Biobased Succinic Acid
Succinic acid/PBS
• BioAmber
• PTT
• MCC
• DSM/Roquette
• BASF/Purac
Butane diol
• Genomatica
Adipic acid
• Rennovia
• Verdezyne
Courtesy Myriant

12. Bio Butane Diol

13. FDCA (furan 2,5 dicarboxylic acid) Avantium

14. First Generation Bioplastics
Compounded, Biobased
& Compostable
…………………….……………………………………………
Starch/PLA/ECOFLEX
Polylactic Acid (PLA)
O
O
HO
H
OH
CH3
L-Lactic Acid
HO
H3C
OH
H
D-Lactic Acid
(0.5%)
100% Renewable & Compostable

15. First Generation PHA’s
Compostable, Biodegradable and Renewable
PHA picture courtesy
of Metabolix

16. Performance Concerns of First Generation
Compostable Bioplastics
Areas of Concern
Hydrolytic stability
Distortion Temp
Vapor Transmission
Shelf Life
PLA
Hydrolytic Stability
Distortion Temp
(amorphous)
Vapor Transmission
Shelf Life
Tear strength
Melt Strength
…………………….……………………………..……………
…………………….……………………………..……………
Starch Blends
…………………….……………………………..……………
…………………….……………………………..……………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………
PHA’S
Hydrolytic Stability
√
√
Shelf Life
Processability
Melt Strength
Economics

17. Second Generation
Bioplastics Developments

18. Green Polyethylene
Braskem
ethanol
sugar cane molasses
HDPE polyethylene
ethylene
Non Compostable

19. Bio PET

20. Nylon 6,6

21. Sorona™-PTT

22. Avantium PEF ‘yxy’
bottles
FDCA
PEF
Plant based
carbohydrates
films
fibers
EG
Courtesy of Avantium

23. Projected Biomaterials Trends
Bioplastics are still less than
1% of the approximate 240 million tons
of plastics in use today.

24. Sales Trends in Bioplastics
205KT
500KT
Jim Lunt & Associates LLC. Projections
1.2MT

25. Why The Change?
Continuing lack of infrastructure for use and
disposal of compostable plastics.
“Compostables” performance v durables.
Increasing demand for biobased, semi-durable
and durable products for household goods,
electronics and automotive applications.
Increasing interest and developments in existing
and new monomers from renewable resources.

26. Bioplastic Products
Development/Commercial

27. PLA

28. Cellulose Acetate

29. Compounded PLA/Starch Blends

30. Green Polyethylene

31. Bio PET

32. Sorona

33. Avantium PEF
Made from
100% Recycled
PEF
Conventional
polyester
spinning
technology
Conventional
polyester
dyeing
technology

34. Challenges/Opportunities for Bio Materials.

Oil pricing continuing to increase.

Improved performance/ reduced cost.

Composting/recycling infrastructure developments.

Expanding from single-use compostable to durable
applications.

Moving to non-food source feedstocks.

Competition from carbon dioxide based plastics.

Natural gas dynamics on polyolefin/ aromatics Pricing.

35. Thank You