The document discusses various methods for recording jaw relationships in edentulous patients to facilitate optimal function of complete dentures. It describes that the recording must include an appropriate vertical dimension of occlusion, stable occlusal contacts, and the relationship between the prosthesis and soft tissues. Several mechanical and physiological methods are outlined for recording the vertical jaw relationship at rest and at occlusion. These include facial measurements, tactile sensation, anatomical landmarks, speech patterns, and phonetics.
Journal club presentation on tooth supported overdentures NAMITHA ANAND
This document presents a case report of a full mouth rehabilitation with an immediate maxillary denture and a mandibular tooth-supported magnet-retained overdenture. Specifically:
- A 43-year old female patient presented with missing teeth in the upper back region and multiple missing teeth in the lower arch.
- For rehabilitation, the maxillary teeth were extracted and an immediate denture placed. In the mandible, several teeth were prepared to receive magnetic attachments or copings.
- At the insertion appointment, the remaining maxillary teeth were extracted and the denture was relined. In the mandible, magnets were incorporated into the overdenture to attach it to the prepared teeth.
The document discusses the Hanau Wide-Vue II articulator. It begins by providing Weinberg's classification of articulators and discusses the parts that make up the Hanau Wide-Vue II articulator. It then shows how to mount a facebow transfer on the articulator and program it using records. The document concludes by mentioning some accessories that can be used with the articulator and providing brief instructions for its care and maintenance.
The study compared the reproducibility of two techniques for recording centric relation: Dawson's Bilateral Manipulation and Gysi's Gothic Arch Tracing. Twenty subjects underwent each technique five times over a week. The average standard error was calculated, with Gothic Arch Tracing (0.27) showing less variability than Bilateral Manipulation (0.94). Statistical analysis found Gothic Arch Tracing to be more accurate in reproducing centric relation records.
Esthetics in prosthodontics/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses the history and evolution of dental surveyors from their introduction in 1918 to modern computer-aided designs. It outlines key developments in surveyor models over time from early prototypes to current instruments. The purposes of surveyors are to determine the optimal path of insertion for removable partial dentures, identify areas requiring modification, and delineate retentive undercuts and interferences.
Thank you for the presentation. I found it very informative regarding the principles of designing removable partial dentures for patients with defects of the maxilla and mandible.
This document discusses the importance of determining the vertical jaw relation and describes several methods for doing so. It defines key terms like vertical dimension, rest vertical dimension, and occlusal vertical dimension. Methods covered include mechanical techniques like using ridge relations, former dentures, pre-extraction records, and physiological techniques like phonetic testing and establishing the physiological rest position. Maintaining the proper vertical dimension is important for functions like speech, swallowing and avoiding joint issues.
Journal club presentation on tooth supported overdentures NAMITHA ANAND
This document presents a case report of a full mouth rehabilitation with an immediate maxillary denture and a mandibular tooth-supported magnet-retained overdenture. Specifically:
- A 43-year old female patient presented with missing teeth in the upper back region and multiple missing teeth in the lower arch.
- For rehabilitation, the maxillary teeth were extracted and an immediate denture placed. In the mandible, several teeth were prepared to receive magnetic attachments or copings.
- At the insertion appointment, the remaining maxillary teeth were extracted and the denture was relined. In the mandible, magnets were incorporated into the overdenture to attach it to the prepared teeth.
The document discusses the Hanau Wide-Vue II articulator. It begins by providing Weinberg's classification of articulators and discusses the parts that make up the Hanau Wide-Vue II articulator. It then shows how to mount a facebow transfer on the articulator and program it using records. The document concludes by mentioning some accessories that can be used with the articulator and providing brief instructions for its care and maintenance.
The study compared the reproducibility of two techniques for recording centric relation: Dawson's Bilateral Manipulation and Gysi's Gothic Arch Tracing. Twenty subjects underwent each technique five times over a week. The average standard error was calculated, with Gothic Arch Tracing (0.27) showing less variability than Bilateral Manipulation (0.94). Statistical analysis found Gothic Arch Tracing to be more accurate in reproducing centric relation records.
Esthetics in prosthodontics/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses the history and evolution of dental surveyors from their introduction in 1918 to modern computer-aided designs. It outlines key developments in surveyor models over time from early prototypes to current instruments. The purposes of surveyors are to determine the optimal path of insertion for removable partial dentures, identify areas requiring modification, and delineate retentive undercuts and interferences.
Thank you for the presentation. I found it very informative regarding the principles of designing removable partial dentures for patients with defects of the maxilla and mandible.
This document discusses the importance of determining the vertical jaw relation and describes several methods for doing so. It defines key terms like vertical dimension, rest vertical dimension, and occlusal vertical dimension. Methods covered include mechanical techniques like using ridge relations, former dentures, pre-extraction records, and physiological techniques like phonetic testing and establishing the physiological rest position. Maintaining the proper vertical dimension is important for functions like speech, swallowing and avoiding joint issues.
Design consideration in reducing stress in rpd/ oral surgery courses Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses attachments used in prosthodontics. It begins with an introduction to attachments, defining them as mechanical devices used to retain and stabilize prostheses. The document then covers the history, classification, indications, disadvantages, and selection of attachments. It discusses both intracoronal and extracoronal attachments. In summary, the document provides an overview of attachments, their uses in prosthodontics, and factors to consider in selecting the appropriate attachment.
The document discusses various concepts of occlusion for fixed partial dentures, including bilaterally balanced occlusion, unilaterally balanced occlusion, and mutually protected occlusion. Bilaterally balanced occlusion aims for simultaneous contact on both sides but is difficult to achieve, while unilaterally balanced occlusion distributes forces to multiple teeth on the working side only. Mutually protected occlusion relies on anterior guidance to prevent posterior contact during excursive movements. The concepts vary in their distribution of forces and indications depending on a patient's needs.
classifications of Full mouth rehabilitationNAMITHA ANAND
This document summarizes two classification systems for patients requiring full mouth rehabilitation: the Turner and Missirlian classification and the Breaker classification. The Turner and Missirlian classification categorizes patients based on the degree of excessive wear and loss of vertical dimension into three categories. Category 1 patients have loss of vertical dimension, Category 2 have wear but maintained vertical dimension, and Category 3 have limited space. The document then provides details on treatment approaches for each category. The Breaker classification groups patients into four groups based on the cause and extent of collapse of vertical dimension and the complexity of treatment required.
Centric relation relevance and role in complete denture construction NAMITHA ANAND
This document discusses centric relation, which refers to the relationship between the mandible and skull when the condyles are in their most superior position in the mandibular fossa against the posterior slope of the articular eminence. It has gone through various changing definitions but is now widely accepted to mean the anterior-superior position. Recording centric relation is important for complete denture construction as it provides proprioceptive feedback and acts as the starting point for occlusion. There are various passive and active methods to retrude the mandible as well as intraoral and extraoral graphic methods to record the position.
There are several types of surveyors used in dentistry. The main types include the Ney surveyor, Jelenko surveyor, Williams surveyor, retentoscope, stress-o-graph, Ticonium, broken arm cast surveyor, electrical/computerized surveyors, optical surveyor, intra-oral surveyors, and parallelometers. Each type has slightly different features but they all serve to locate and delineate the contours and positions of teeth and structures for designing removable partial dentures. The Ney surveyor was the first commercially available type while newer computerized and electrical versions provide advanced digital capabilities.
This document provides an overview of Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome (MPDS). It begins with definitions of key terms like myofascial, pain, and dysfunction. It then discusses the history, incidence, etiology, pathophysiology, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, and management of MPDS. MPDS is a common temporomandibular disorder characterized by muscle pain and tenderness, often caused by stress or parafunctional habits that lead to muscle fatigue. Diagnosis involves identifying trigger points and signs like joint sounds and limited jaw movement. Management focuses on eliminating perpetuating factors, reducing muscle tension, and treating trigger points.
‘A paralleling instrument used in construction of a prosthesis to locate and delineate the contours and relative position and abutment teeth and associated structures’
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Designing for kennedy class i and class iiDrLeenaTomer
This document discusses principles and considerations for designing removable partial dentures for Class I and Class II cases. It covers the history of RPD design, philosophies like stress equalization and physiologic basing, biomechanical factors, and essential design elements. Key points discussed include using minimum direct retention from clasps, distributing forces through indirect retention and broad bases, and controlling stresses on abutment teeth through clasp position, design, and splinting of abutments.
This document provides an overview of implant supported overdentures, including definitions, history, indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, treatment options, and procedures. Key points discussed include:
- Overdentures are removable prostheses that cover natural tooth roots, implants, or both for support.
- Implant supported overdentures have better outcomes than conventional dentures or overdentures supported only by natural tooth roots.
- Treatment options depend on factors like jaw, bone quality, number of implants, and can involve bar-retained or independent attachments.
- Procedures involve medical evaluation, treatment planning, transitional dentures, surgical placement, attachment connection, and definitive prosthesis fabrication
Temporary removable partial dentures are used for a limited period of time until a more definitive prosthesis can be provided. They serve several objectives like reestablishing esthetics, maintaining space, improving patient tolerance, and conditioning tissues. Some common types of temporary RPDs include interim, transitional, treatment, and immediate RPDs. Acrylic partial dentures are lightweight alternatives to metal partial dentures that are less expensive and easier to construct but also weaker and less hygienic. Their design incorporates acrylic resin, acrylic teeth, and wire clasps.
This document provides an overview of full mouth rehabilitation. It defines full mouth rehabilitation according to GPT-8 as restoring the form and function of the masticatory apparatus as nearly normal as possible. It discusses the objectives and indications for full mouth rehabilitation. It classifies full mouth rehabilitation into three categories based on the degree of wear and available space. It reviews different occlusal approaches, schemes, concepts and philosophies for full mouth rehabilitation including balanced articulation, group function and mutually protected articulation. It also discusses Hobo's twin table and twin stage techniques.
A STEP IN CASTING OF CAST PARTIAL DENTURE, a precious duplication process and proper wax up of refractory cast results in accurate fitting of the framework of the prosthesis.
This document discusses different types of facebows used to transfer the spatial relationship of the maxilla to an articulator. It describes arbitrary, kinematic/hinge, and fascia type facebows. The kinematic facebow locates the true hinge axis most accurately within 5 mm. Arbitrary facebows use approximate reference points which can introduce errors. The document also outlines the parts of a facebow including the U-shaped frame, condylar rods, bite fork, locking device, and orbital pointer pin. It emphasizes the importance of using a facebow to accurately capture the patient's hinge axis for producing biologically acceptable restorations.
After a complete orthodontic diagnosis is made, the next important step is treatment planning. The main objective of treatment planning is to design a strategy to correct the problems. Good strategy helps to design the best appliance indicated for the patient.
Treatment planning is an outline of all the measures that can best instituted for a patient so as to offer maximum long term benefits.
Patients seeks Orthodontic treatment planning for a variety of reasons, most commonly- Esthetics and Function.
There is no simple or fixed formula or a cook book recipe to treat a Orthodontic problem.
Every case is assessed, analysed and and a customised treatment plan is formulated to best suit the individual patient.
This document discusses various methods for determining vertical dimension and occlusal vertical dimension during the construction of complete dentures. It describes techniques such as measuring the distance between reference points on the face at rest position and during occlusion, using phonetics by having the patient say certain words, and observing facial expressions and relaxation. Other methods discussed include using the incisive papilla as a landmark, comparing pre-extraction and post-extraction measurements, and using tools like Willis guide, face masks, and articulators mounted with record bases. The document also covers potential problems with under-opening or over-closing the vertical dimension.
Prosthetic Management of Acquired Maxillary DefectsAamir Godil
This document discusses maxillofacial defects and obturators. It begins by describing different types of maxillofacial defects, including those of the maxilla, mandible, palate, and other areas. It then focuses on defects of the maxilla, covering anatomical considerations and classifications of acquired maxillary defects. The document outlines different classes of maxillectomy defects based on the relationship to remaining teeth. Finally, it discusses obturators, including background, classifications, types including surgical, interim and definitive obturators, and fabrication procedures. The overall document provides an overview of maxillofacial defects and classifications of obturators used to treat defects following surgery.
An overdenture is a removable partial or complete denture that covers and is partially supported by remaining natural teeth, roots, or implants. It can help preserve alveolar bone and proprioceptive function compared to conventional dentures. An overdenture may be immediate, transitional, or definitive depending on the prognosis of remaining teeth and can involve various techniques like tooth modification, casting copings, endodontic treatment, or attachments. It provides both support and retention while maintaining oral health and is an alternative to extraction and complete dentures for patients with a few retainable teeth.
The document discusses facebows, which are dental devices used to relate the maxillary arch to the axis of rotation of the temporomandibular joint. There are two main types: mandibular facebows, which locate the exact hinge axis, and maxillary facebows, which relate the maxilla to the hinge axis position and transfer this to the articulator. The facebow registration is important for duplicating jaw movements on the articulator and accurately mounting dental casts. The document describes the components, use, and landmarks of facebows.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Design consideration in reducing stress in rpd/ oral surgery courses Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses attachments used in prosthodontics. It begins with an introduction to attachments, defining them as mechanical devices used to retain and stabilize prostheses. The document then covers the history, classification, indications, disadvantages, and selection of attachments. It discusses both intracoronal and extracoronal attachments. In summary, the document provides an overview of attachments, their uses in prosthodontics, and factors to consider in selecting the appropriate attachment.
The document discusses various concepts of occlusion for fixed partial dentures, including bilaterally balanced occlusion, unilaterally balanced occlusion, and mutually protected occlusion. Bilaterally balanced occlusion aims for simultaneous contact on both sides but is difficult to achieve, while unilaterally balanced occlusion distributes forces to multiple teeth on the working side only. Mutually protected occlusion relies on anterior guidance to prevent posterior contact during excursive movements. The concepts vary in their distribution of forces and indications depending on a patient's needs.
classifications of Full mouth rehabilitationNAMITHA ANAND
This document summarizes two classification systems for patients requiring full mouth rehabilitation: the Turner and Missirlian classification and the Breaker classification. The Turner and Missirlian classification categorizes patients based on the degree of excessive wear and loss of vertical dimension into three categories. Category 1 patients have loss of vertical dimension, Category 2 have wear but maintained vertical dimension, and Category 3 have limited space. The document then provides details on treatment approaches for each category. The Breaker classification groups patients into four groups based on the cause and extent of collapse of vertical dimension and the complexity of treatment required.
Centric relation relevance and role in complete denture construction NAMITHA ANAND
This document discusses centric relation, which refers to the relationship between the mandible and skull when the condyles are in their most superior position in the mandibular fossa against the posterior slope of the articular eminence. It has gone through various changing definitions but is now widely accepted to mean the anterior-superior position. Recording centric relation is important for complete denture construction as it provides proprioceptive feedback and acts as the starting point for occlusion. There are various passive and active methods to retrude the mandible as well as intraoral and extraoral graphic methods to record the position.
There are several types of surveyors used in dentistry. The main types include the Ney surveyor, Jelenko surveyor, Williams surveyor, retentoscope, stress-o-graph, Ticonium, broken arm cast surveyor, electrical/computerized surveyors, optical surveyor, intra-oral surveyors, and parallelometers. Each type has slightly different features but they all serve to locate and delineate the contours and positions of teeth and structures for designing removable partial dentures. The Ney surveyor was the first commercially available type while newer computerized and electrical versions provide advanced digital capabilities.
This document provides an overview of Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome (MPDS). It begins with definitions of key terms like myofascial, pain, and dysfunction. It then discusses the history, incidence, etiology, pathophysiology, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, and management of MPDS. MPDS is a common temporomandibular disorder characterized by muscle pain and tenderness, often caused by stress or parafunctional habits that lead to muscle fatigue. Diagnosis involves identifying trigger points and signs like joint sounds and limited jaw movement. Management focuses on eliminating perpetuating factors, reducing muscle tension, and treating trigger points.
‘A paralleling instrument used in construction of a prosthesis to locate and delineate the contours and relative position and abutment teeth and associated structures’
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Designing for kennedy class i and class iiDrLeenaTomer
This document discusses principles and considerations for designing removable partial dentures for Class I and Class II cases. It covers the history of RPD design, philosophies like stress equalization and physiologic basing, biomechanical factors, and essential design elements. Key points discussed include using minimum direct retention from clasps, distributing forces through indirect retention and broad bases, and controlling stresses on abutment teeth through clasp position, design, and splinting of abutments.
This document provides an overview of implant supported overdentures, including definitions, history, indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, treatment options, and procedures. Key points discussed include:
- Overdentures are removable prostheses that cover natural tooth roots, implants, or both for support.
- Implant supported overdentures have better outcomes than conventional dentures or overdentures supported only by natural tooth roots.
- Treatment options depend on factors like jaw, bone quality, number of implants, and can involve bar-retained or independent attachments.
- Procedures involve medical evaluation, treatment planning, transitional dentures, surgical placement, attachment connection, and definitive prosthesis fabrication
Temporary removable partial dentures are used for a limited period of time until a more definitive prosthesis can be provided. They serve several objectives like reestablishing esthetics, maintaining space, improving patient tolerance, and conditioning tissues. Some common types of temporary RPDs include interim, transitional, treatment, and immediate RPDs. Acrylic partial dentures are lightweight alternatives to metal partial dentures that are less expensive and easier to construct but also weaker and less hygienic. Their design incorporates acrylic resin, acrylic teeth, and wire clasps.
This document provides an overview of full mouth rehabilitation. It defines full mouth rehabilitation according to GPT-8 as restoring the form and function of the masticatory apparatus as nearly normal as possible. It discusses the objectives and indications for full mouth rehabilitation. It classifies full mouth rehabilitation into three categories based on the degree of wear and available space. It reviews different occlusal approaches, schemes, concepts and philosophies for full mouth rehabilitation including balanced articulation, group function and mutually protected articulation. It also discusses Hobo's twin table and twin stage techniques.
A STEP IN CASTING OF CAST PARTIAL DENTURE, a precious duplication process and proper wax up of refractory cast results in accurate fitting of the framework of the prosthesis.
This document discusses different types of facebows used to transfer the spatial relationship of the maxilla to an articulator. It describes arbitrary, kinematic/hinge, and fascia type facebows. The kinematic facebow locates the true hinge axis most accurately within 5 mm. Arbitrary facebows use approximate reference points which can introduce errors. The document also outlines the parts of a facebow including the U-shaped frame, condylar rods, bite fork, locking device, and orbital pointer pin. It emphasizes the importance of using a facebow to accurately capture the patient's hinge axis for producing biologically acceptable restorations.
After a complete orthodontic diagnosis is made, the next important step is treatment planning. The main objective of treatment planning is to design a strategy to correct the problems. Good strategy helps to design the best appliance indicated for the patient.
Treatment planning is an outline of all the measures that can best instituted for a patient so as to offer maximum long term benefits.
Patients seeks Orthodontic treatment planning for a variety of reasons, most commonly- Esthetics and Function.
There is no simple or fixed formula or a cook book recipe to treat a Orthodontic problem.
Every case is assessed, analysed and and a customised treatment plan is formulated to best suit the individual patient.
This document discusses various methods for determining vertical dimension and occlusal vertical dimension during the construction of complete dentures. It describes techniques such as measuring the distance between reference points on the face at rest position and during occlusion, using phonetics by having the patient say certain words, and observing facial expressions and relaxation. Other methods discussed include using the incisive papilla as a landmark, comparing pre-extraction and post-extraction measurements, and using tools like Willis guide, face masks, and articulators mounted with record bases. The document also covers potential problems with under-opening or over-closing the vertical dimension.
Prosthetic Management of Acquired Maxillary DefectsAamir Godil
This document discusses maxillofacial defects and obturators. It begins by describing different types of maxillofacial defects, including those of the maxilla, mandible, palate, and other areas. It then focuses on defects of the maxilla, covering anatomical considerations and classifications of acquired maxillary defects. The document outlines different classes of maxillectomy defects based on the relationship to remaining teeth. Finally, it discusses obturators, including background, classifications, types including surgical, interim and definitive obturators, and fabrication procedures. The overall document provides an overview of maxillofacial defects and classifications of obturators used to treat defects following surgery.
An overdenture is a removable partial or complete denture that covers and is partially supported by remaining natural teeth, roots, or implants. It can help preserve alveolar bone and proprioceptive function compared to conventional dentures. An overdenture may be immediate, transitional, or definitive depending on the prognosis of remaining teeth and can involve various techniques like tooth modification, casting copings, endodontic treatment, or attachments. It provides both support and retention while maintaining oral health and is an alternative to extraction and complete dentures for patients with a few retainable teeth.
The document discusses facebows, which are dental devices used to relate the maxillary arch to the axis of rotation of the temporomandibular joint. There are two main types: mandibular facebows, which locate the exact hinge axis, and maxillary facebows, which relate the maxilla to the hinge axis position and transfer this to the articulator. The facebow registration is important for duplicating jaw movements on the articulator and accurately mounting dental casts. The document describes the components, use, and landmarks of facebows.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Miltidisciplinary approach fo rehabilitation of cleft lip & palate/cosmet...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anterior teeth selection /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses several methods for analyzing mixed dentition, including Moyer's analysis, Huckaba's analysis, and Nance Carey's analysis. Moyer's analysis predicts the size of permanent canines and premolars based on the width of erupted lower incisors. Huckaba's analysis uses radiographs and study casts to measure unerupted tooth widths. Nance Carey's analysis measures the widths of erupted and unerupted teeth to determine the total required arch width and compare it to the actual arch width. The analyses help evaluate space availability for erupting permanent teeth and detect potential crowding issues.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses various methods and considerations for making maxillo-mandibular relation records to transfer a patient's jaw relationship to an articulator. It covers determining and recording the vertical dimension of rest and occlusion, using a facebow to transfer maxillary orientation, and different materials that can be used to make centric relation records like waxes, impression compounds, and ZOE paste. The goal is to establish a balanced occlusion on the articulator that limits trauma to supporting structures and restores function.
The document discusses various methods and considerations for making maxillo-mandibular relation records to transfer a patient's jaw relationship to an articulator. It covers determining and recording the vertical dimension of rest and occlusion, using a facebow to transfer maxillary orientation, and different materials that can be used to make centric relation records like waxes, impression compounds, and ZOE paste. The goal is to establish a balanced occlusion on the articulator that limits trauma to supporting structures and restores function.
Balanced occlusion and its importance/ cosmetic dentistry trainingIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses leveling, aligning and bite opening in orthodontic treatment. It covers various topics related to leveling and aligning teeth including physical properties of wires, types of wires used, leveling in different malocclusion situations, and anchorage control. It also discusses arch leveling, overbite control, surgical treatment options and leveling in Begg mechanotherapy. The goal of initial treatment is to bring teeth into alignment and correct vertical discrepancies by leveling out the arches.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The finishing touch in orthodontics / orthodontics courses in indiaIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
A innovative cast partial design for cleft palate/dental coursesIndian dental academy
This document describes a case study of a new cast partial denture design for residual post-surgical cleft palate defects. Treatment of cleft palate patients requires coordination between medical and dental specialists. Despite surgical and orthodontic therapy, prosthetic treatment is often necessary to address missing teeth, deformed jaw segments, residual palatal defects, disproportion between jaws, and malocclusion. The new design aims to provide function, esthetics, and alleviate deformities by splinting mobile jaw segments. Impressions and frameworks were made, and the removable partial denture was tried in and adjusted to fit properly. The outcome successfully addressed the patient's deformities and improved esthetics and function.
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
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Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
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Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
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The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
2. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
The recording of jaw relations in the treatmentThe recording of jaw relations in the treatment
of edentulous patients aims at facilitating theof edentulous patients aims at facilitating the
adaptation of the complete dentures to theadaptation of the complete dentures to the
masticatory system to give them an optimalmasticatory system to give them an optimal
& comfortable function.& comfortable function.
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3. TO ACHIEVE THIS GOAL…..TO ACHIEVE THIS GOAL…..
The recording must include an appropriate VDThe recording must include an appropriate VD
of occlusion.of occlusion.
Stable occlusal contacts in harmony with theStable occlusal contacts in harmony with the
existing TMJ & masticatory muscle functions.existing TMJ & masticatory muscle functions.
The relationship between the prosthesis & oro-The relationship between the prosthesis & oro-
facial soft tissues and musculature.facial soft tissues and musculature.
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4. CUSTOMISING THE OCCLUSALCUSTOMISING THE OCCLUSAL
RIMSRIMS
LABIAL FULLNESS:LABIAL FULLNESS:
Facial esthetics as a guideFacial esthetics as a guide
Phonetics as a guidePhonetics as a guide
INCISAL VISIBILITY:INCISAL VISIBILITY:
Generally the amount of tooth displayed at restGenerally the amount of tooth displayed at rest
varies with age.varies with age.
FLAT OCCLUSAL PLANE:FLAT OCCLUSAL PLANE:
Shunting effect must be preventedShunting effect must be prevented
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5. JAW RELATIONSJAW RELATIONS
““Any relation of the mandible to the maxilla”Any relation of the mandible to the maxilla”
The three types are :The three types are :
orientation jaw relationorientation jaw relation
vertical jaw relationvertical jaw relation
horizontal jaw relationhorizontal jaw relation
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6. VERTICAL JAW RELATIONVERTICAL JAW RELATION
““The length of the face as determined by theThe length of the face as determined by the
amount of separation of the jaws”.amount of separation of the jaws”.
VDr = length of the face when the mandible isVDr = length of the face when the mandible is
in its rest position.in its rest position.
VDo = length of the face when the teeth are inVDo = length of the face when the teeth are in
contact & the mandible is in CR.contact & the mandible is in CR.
VDR=VDO+FREE WAY SPACEVDR=VDO+FREE WAY SPACEwww.indiandentalacademy.com
7. METHODS OF RECORDINGMETHODS OF RECORDING
VERTICAL JAW RELATIONVERTICAL JAW RELATION
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8. METHODS OF RECORDING VDRMETHODS OF RECORDING VDR
Facial measurements after swallowing &Facial measurements after swallowing &
relaxing.relaxing.
Tactile sensationTactile sensation
Anatomical landmarksAnatomical landmarks
SpeechSpeech
Facial expressionFacial expression
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9. FACIAL MEASUREMENTS AFTERFACIAL MEASUREMENTS AFTER
SWALLOWING & RELAXINGSWALLOWING & RELAXING
Given by SHANAHANGiven by SHANAHAN
Patient is asked to sit upright & relax hisPatient is asked to sit upright & relax his
shouldersshoulders
Reference points are markedReference points are marked
Functional movements are madeFunctional movements are made
As the movements are done his mandibleAs the movements are done his mandible
comes to its physiological rest position & thecomes to its physiological rest position & the
distance between the points are markeddistance between the points are marked
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10. TACTILE SENSATIONTACTILE SENSATION
Given by LYTLEGiven by LYTLE
Pt. is asked to open his mouth wide till hePt. is asked to open his mouth wide till he
feels discomfortfeels discomfort
And close slowly & stop closing when he feelsAnd close slowly & stop closing when he feels
that his muscles are relaxed and comfortablethat his muscles are relaxed and comfortable
The distance between 2 reference points isThe distance between 2 reference points is
recorded & compared with the swallowingrecorded & compared with the swallowing
methodmethod
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12. ANATOMIC LANDMARKSANATOMIC LANDMARKS
Given by WILLISGiven by WILLIS
The distance between the pupil of the eye &The distance between the pupil of the eye &
the rima oris & the distance between anteriorthe rima oris & the distance between anterior
nasal spine and the lower border of mandiblenasal spine and the lower border of mandible
is measured using Willis guideis measured using Willis guide
If both the distances are equal, the jaws areIf both the distances are equal, the jaws are
considered at restconsidered at rest
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13. SPEECHSPEECH
Ask the pt. to repeatedly pronounce the letterAsk the pt. to repeatedly pronounce the letter
“M”“M”
Measure the distance between the referenceMeasure the distance between the reference
points after a conversationpoints after a conversation
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14. FACIAL EXPRESSIONFACIAL EXPRESSION
Skin around the eyes & chin should be relaxedSkin around the eyes & chin should be relaxed
The lips should have a slight contact in a singleThe lips should have a slight contact in a single
planeplane
The nostrils are relaxedThe nostrils are relaxed
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16. Contd…Contd…
Tactile sensationTactile sensation
Patient reportedPatient reported
perception of comfortperception of comfort
Boos bimeterBoos bimeter
Parks theory ofParks theory of
determining VDdetermining VD
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17. RIDGE RELATIONRIDGE RELATION
Distance from the incisive papilla to theDistance from the incisive papilla to the
mandibular incisorsmandibular incisors
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20. PROFILE RADIOGRAPHSPROFILE RADIOGRAPHS
They were used initially, but because of radiationThey were used initially, but because of radiation
risks they cannot be considered adequate todayrisks they cannot be considered adequate today
for routine clinical practice.for routine clinical practice.
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21. CASTS OF TEETH IN OCCLUSIONCASTS OF TEETH IN OCCLUSION
It is a simple method of recordingIt is a simple method of recording
The size & shape of the teeth can be notedThe size & shape of the teeth can be noted
It gives an indication of the amount of spaceIt gives an indication of the amount of space
required between the ridges for the teeth of thisrequired between the ridges for the teeth of this
sizesize
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22. PROFILE PHOTOGRAPHSPROFILE PHOTOGRAPHS
Given by WRIGHTGiven by WRIGHT
These are made before extraction & taken inThese are made before extraction & taken in
maximum occlusionmaximum occlusion
Wright’s formulaWright’s formula
Inter pupillary distance : brow-chin distance ofInter pupillary distance : brow-chin distance of
pt. & photopt. & photo pt. & photopt. & photo
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23. PROFILE SILHOUETTESPROFILE SILHOUETTES
An accurate silhouette is made with cardboardAn accurate silhouette is made with cardboard
It can be used as a templateIt can be used as a template
As it is taken from pre extraction photographAs it is taken from pre extraction photograph
which shows the VD at restwhich shows the VD at rest
When positioned on patient’s face whileWhen positioned on patient’s face while
recording the VD at occlusion, the chin shouldrecording the VD at occlusion, the chin should
be atleast 2mm above the level of the lowerbe atleast 2mm above the level of the lower
border of the silhouetteborder of the silhouette
Lead wires can also be usedLead wires can also be used
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25. MEASUREMENT FROM FORMERMEASUREMENT FROM FORMER
DENTURESDENTURES
Pts. existing denture is a valuable pre extractionPts. existing denture is a valuable pre extraction
recordrecord
A BOOLEYS GAUGE is used to measure theA BOOLEYS GAUGE is used to measure the
distance between the border of the maxillary &distance between the border of the maxillary &
the mandibular denture when both thesethe mandibular denture when both these
dentures are in occlusiondentures are in occlusion
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26. FACIAL MEASUREMENTSFACIAL MEASUREMENTS
Facial measurements can be measured by theFacial measurements can be measured by the
following :following :
DakometerDakometer
Willis gaugeWillis gauge
Sorensons profile guideSorensons profile guide
Swensons methodSwensons method
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27. DAKOMETERDAKOMETER
The instrument is positioned on the bridge ofThe instrument is positioned on the bridge of
the nose with compound.the nose with compound.
The chin piece is screwed till it touches the frontThe chin piece is screwed till it touches the front
of the chin.of the chin.
A spring pressure gauge controls the pressure.A spring pressure gauge controls the pressure.
An incisor attachment records position of theAn incisor attachment records position of the
central incisors.central incisors.
Records are noted & the compound nose pieceRecords are noted & the compound nose piece
is preserved for reassembly after extraction.is preserved for reassembly after extraction.
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30. SWENSONS METHODSWENSONS METHOD
An ACRYLIC FACE MASK is made beforeAn ACRYLIC FACE MASK is made before
extraction using a facial impression and a cast.extraction using a facial impression and a cast.
This method is not practical.This method is not practical.
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31. PHYSIOLOGICAL METHODSPHYSIOLOGICAL METHODS
Physiological rest positionPhysiological rest position
PhoneticsPhonetics
F,V,S speaking anterior tooth relationF,V,S speaking anterior tooth relation
Swallowing thresholdSwallowing threshold
Tactile senseTactile sense
Pt. reported perception of comfortPt. reported perception of comfort
Boos bimeterBoos bimeter
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32. PHYSIOLOGICAL REST POSITIONPHYSIOLOGICAL REST POSITION
Given by NISWONGER (1934)Given by NISWONGER (1934)
THOMPSON (1946)THOMPSON (1946)
The pt. is asked to sit upright with his headThe pt. is asked to sit upright with his head
unsupportedunsupported
Upper & lower occlusal rims are inserted &Upper & lower occlusal rims are inserted &
the pt. is asked to swallow and relaxthe pt. is asked to swallow and relax
When the relaxation is obvious there will beWhen the relaxation is obvious there will be
space present between the rimsspace present between the rims
Its called as FREEWAY SPACEIts called as FREEWAY SPACE
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33. CONTD…..CONTD…..
It is about 2-4 mmIt is about 2-4 mm
VD at rest =VD at occlusion + freeway spaceVD at rest =VD at occlusion + freeway space
If the freeway space is > 4mm, then the VD atIf the freeway space is > 4mm, then the VD at
occlusion is considered to be smallocclusion is considered to be small
If the freeway space is < 2mm, then the VD atIf the freeway space is < 2mm, then the VD at
occlusion may be too greatocclusion may be too great
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35. PHONETICSPHONETICS
SILVERMANS CLOSEST SPEAKINGSILVERMANS CLOSEST SPEAKING
SPACESPACE
It measures the VD when the mandible is in functionIt measures the VD when the mandible is in function
When sounds like ‘ch’, ‘s’, ‘j’ are pronounced, theWhen sounds like ‘ch’, ‘s’, ‘j’ are pronounced, the
upper & lower teeth reach their closest relationshipupper & lower teeth reach their closest relationship
without contactwithout contact
The minimal amount of space between the teeth inThe minimal amount of space between the teeth in
this position is called the Silvermans closestthis position is called the Silvermans closest
speaking spacespeaking space
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36. ITS NOT THE FREEWAY SPACEITS NOT THE FREEWAY SPACE
CLOSEST SPEAKINGCLOSEST SPEAKING
SPACESPACE
Suggested by SilvermanSuggested by Silverman
It is dynamic &It is dynamic &
functionalfunctional
Values are :Values are :
Normal : 1.5-3.0 mmNormal : 1.5-3.0 mm
Class II : 3.0- 6.0 mmClass II : 3.0- 6.0 mm
Class III: 0.5- 1.0 mmClass III: 0.5- 1.0 mm
FREE WAY SPACEFREE WAY SPACE
Proposed by NiswongerProposed by Niswonger
& Thompson& Thompson
It is staticIt is static
Values are :Values are :
Class I : 2.0-4.0 mmClass I : 2.0-4.0 mm
Class II: > 4.0 mmClass II: > 4.0 mm
Class III: 1.0 mmClass III: 1.0 mm
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37. THE “F”, “V”, “S” SPEAKINGTHE “F”, “V”, “S” SPEAKING
ANTERIOR TOOTH RELATIONANTERIOR TOOTH RELATION
Given by POUND & MURRELGiven by POUND & MURREL
The position of the anterior teeth is determinedThe position of the anterior teeth is determined
by the position of the maxillae when the pt.by the position of the maxillae when the pt.
pronounces words beginning with “F” or “V”pronounces words beginning with “F” or “V”
The position of the lower anterior teeth isThe position of the lower anterior teeth is
determined by the position of the mandibledetermined by the position of the mandible
when the pt. pronounces words beginning withwhen the pt. pronounces words beginning with
the letter “S”the letter “S”
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38. CONTD…..CONTD…..
When the “F” & “V” sounds are articulated, theWhen the “F” & “V” sounds are articulated, the
incisal edges of the maxillary anterior teethincisal edges of the maxillary anterior teeth
create a seal on the moist area of the vermilioncreate a seal on the moist area of the vermilion
border of the lower lipborder of the lower lip
Have the pt. repeat the word “first” or “victor”Have the pt. repeat the word “first” or “victor”
When the “S” sounds are articulated, theWhen the “S” sounds are articulated, the
mandible moves forward. The incisal edges ofmandible moves forward. The incisal edges of
the anterior teeth do not contactthe anterior teeth do not contact
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39. PATIENT REPORTEDPATIENT REPORTED
PERCEPTION OF COMFORTPERCEPTION OF COMFORT
Simple methodSimple method
Here, record bases with excessively tall occlusalHere, record bases with excessively tall occlusal
rims are inserted into the pts. mouthrims are inserted into the pts. mouth
The excess base plate wax is removed stepwiseThe excess base plate wax is removed stepwise
till the pt. perceives that occlusal height astill the pt. perceives that occlusal height as
comfortablecomfortable
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40. BOOS BIMETERBOOS BIMETER
Given by RALPH BOOS – 1940Given by RALPH BOOS – 1940
The maximum biting force occurs at theThe maximum biting force occurs at the
occlusal VDocclusal VD
A device that measures the biting forceA device that measures the biting force
(bimeter) is attached to the mandibular record(bimeter) is attached to the mandibular record
base & a metal plate (central bearing point) tobase & a metal plate (central bearing point) to
the maxillarythe maxillary
A screw is turned to adjust the verticalA screw is turned to adjust the vertical
relationrelation
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41. CONTD…..CONTD…..
The record bases are inserted into the pts.The record bases are inserted into the pts.
mouth & the pt. is asked to bite on the recordmouth & the pt. is asked to bite on the record
bases at different degrees of jaw separationbases at different degrees of jaw separation
The pressure reading on the bimeter is noted.The pressure reading on the bimeter is noted.
The highest value is called the “Power point”The highest value is called the “Power point”
The bimeter is observed when the power pointThe bimeter is observed when the power point
is reachedis reached
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43. FACTORS AFFECTING RESTFACTORS AFFECTING REST
POSITIONPOSITION
Head positionHead position
TimeTime
Neuromuscular disturbancesNeuromuscular disturbances
Position in spacePosition in space
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44. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF VDCLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF VD
The vertical jaw relation is the most criticalThe vertical jaw relation is the most critical
record b’coz errors in this record produce therecord b’coz errors in this record produce the
first signs of discomfort.first signs of discomfort.
It can affectIt can affect
Facial profileFacial profile
Physico-functional stability of denturePhysico-functional stability of denture
Speech disturbanceSpeech disturbance
Neuromuscular disturbancesNeuromuscular disturbances
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45. EFFECTS OF ↑ VDEFFECTS OF ↑ VD
↑↑ Trauma to the denture bearing areaTrauma to the denture bearing area
↑↑ Lower facial heightLower facial height
Difficulty in swallowing & speechDifficulty in swallowing & speech
Pain & clicking in the TMJPain & clicking in the TMJ
Clicking of teethClicking of teeth
Stretching of facial muscles, leading to aStretching of facial muscles, leading to a
stretched appearance of the face.stretched appearance of the face.
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46. EFFECTS OF ↓ VDEFFECTS OF ↓ VD
↓↓ Lower facial heightLower facial height
Angular cheilitis due to folding of the corner ofAngular cheilitis due to folding of the corner of
mouthmouth
Cheek bitingCheek biting
Pain, clicking & discomfort to the TMJPain, clicking & discomfort to the TMJ
Loss of lip fullnessLoss of lip fullness
Obstruction of the opening of the eustachianObstruction of the opening of the eustachian
tube due to the elevation of the soft palate duetube due to the elevation of the soft palate due
to elevation of the tongue.to elevation of the tongue.
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48. CENTRIC RELATIONCENTRIC RELATION
"The maxillo mandibular relationship in which the"The maxillo mandibular relationship in which the
condyles articulate with the thinnest avascularcondyles articulate with the thinnest avascular
portion of their respective discs with theportion of their respective discs with the
complex in the antero-superior position againstcomplex in the antero-superior position against
the slopes of the articular eminences. Thisthe slopes of the articular eminences. This
position is independent of tooth contact. Thisposition is independent of tooth contact. This
position is clinically discernible when theposition is clinically discernible when the
mandible is directed superior and anteriorly. It ismandible is directed superior and anteriorly. It is
restricted to a purely rotary movement about therestricted to a purely rotary movement about the
transverse horizontal axis."transverse horizontal axis."
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49. CONTROVERSIES REGARDINGCONTROVERSIES REGARDING
CENTRIC RELATIONCENTRIC RELATION
McCollum 1920McCollum 1920 rear most condylar positionrear most condylar position
Granger 1962Granger 1962 up most, rear most positionup most, rear most position
Stuart 1969Stuart 1969 RUM positionRUM position
Celenza 1978Celenza 1978 condyle disc assemblycondyle disc assembly
braced superiorly &braced superiorly &
anteriorly against theanteriorly against the
posterior slope of theposterior slope of the
eminentiaeminentia
KEYWORD : The discrepancy between the RUMKEYWORD : The discrepancy between the RUM
position & antero superior position in the condylarposition & antero superior position in the condylar
region is 0.2 mm.region is 0.2 mm.
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50. HOW TO UNDERSTAND CRHOW TO UNDERSTAND CR
WITHOUT GETTING CONFUSEDWITHOUT GETTING CONFUSED
WITH THE CONTROVERSIES INWITH THE CONTROVERSIES IN
ITS DEFINITION???ITS DEFINITION???
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51. FUNCTIONAL VsFUNCTIONAL Vs
MORPHOLOGICAL DEFINITIONMORPHOLOGICAL DEFINITION
Centric is best understood if we define it as “when it isCentric is best understood if we define it as “when it is
required to select one mandibular to maxilla/condyle –required to select one mandibular to maxilla/condyle –
fossa relationship that is most conducive to comfort ,fossa relationship that is most conducive to comfort ,
function & health of the odontostomatognathic system,function & health of the odontostomatognathic system,
without any controversy it would be CR position”.without any controversy it would be CR position”.
It is a FUNCTIONAL definition, while GPT definitionIt is a FUNCTIONAL definition, while GPT definition
is a MORPHOLOGICAL definition.is a MORPHOLOGICAL definition.
The functional defn. tells us why centric is necessary &The functional defn. tells us why centric is necessary &
the morphological defn. helps us in securing thethe morphological defn. helps us in securing the
functional position.functional position.
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52. METHODS OF RETRUDING THEMETHODS OF RETRUDING THE
MANDIBLEMANDIBLE
The methods include :The methods include :
Chin point guidance – GuichetChin point guidance – Guichet
Bimanual method –Peter DawsonBimanual method –Peter Dawson
Three finger method –Peter thomasThree finger method –Peter thomas
Anterior deprogrammer –LongWilliamsonAnterior deprogrammer –LongWilliamson
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53. DIFFICULTIES IN RETRUDINGDIFFICULTIES IN RETRUDING
THE MANDIBLETHE MANDIBLE
Biological causes :Biological causes :
lack of co-ordination between groups oflack of co-ordination between groups of
opposing muscles.opposing muscles.
habitual eccentric jaw relationhabitual eccentric jaw relation
Physiological causes :Physiological causes :
inability of the patients to follow the instructionsinability of the patients to follow the instructions
Mechanical causes :Mechanical causes :
poorly fitting base platespoorly fitting base plates
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54. METHODS OF RECORDINGMETHODS OF RECORDING
CENTRIC RELATIONCENTRIC RELATION
Physiologic methodsPhysiologic methods
Functional methodsFunctional methods
Graphic methodsGraphic methods
Radiographic methodsRadiographic methods
Other methodsOther methods
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55. PHYSIOLOGIC METHODPHYSIOLOGIC METHOD
Tactile or Inter occlusal check recordTactile or Inter occlusal check record
Pressure less methodPressure less method
Pressure methodPressure method
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56. TACTILE OR INTER-OCCLUSALTACTILE OR INTER-OCCLUSAL
CHECK RECORD METHODCHECK RECORD METHOD
In this method , tentative CR is recordedIn this method , tentative CR is recorded
The casts are articulated based on the tentativeThe casts are articulated based on the tentative
jaw relationjaw relation
Teeth arrangement is done & an inter-occlusalTeeth arrangement is done & an inter-occlusal
registration is maderegistration is made
The tentative jaw relation is verified with theThe tentative jaw relation is verified with the
inter-occlusal record & errors are correctedinter-occlusal record & errors are corrected
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57. RATIONALE BEHIND BOTH THERATIONALE BEHIND BOTH THE
METHODSMETHODS
There are two schools of thought regardingThere are two schools of thought regarding
pressure used while recording CR :pressure used while recording CR :
Minimal closing pressure :Minimal closing pressure :
tissues are not displacedtissues are not displaced
Heavy closing pressure :Heavy closing pressure :
produce the same displacement of tissueproduce the same displacement of tissue
that occurs during masticationthat occurs during mastication
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58. STATIC OR PRESSURELESSSTATIC OR PRESSURELESS
METHODMETHOD
Its called as the “NICK & NOTCH” methodIts called as the “NICK & NOTCH” method
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60. PRESSURE METHODPRESSURE METHOD
After establishing the VD, the upper occlusalAfter establishing the VD, the upper occlusal
rim is inserted in the pts. mouthrim is inserted in the pts. mouth
The lower rim is fabricated of excess height. TheThe lower rim is fabricated of excess height. The
entire lower rim is softened in a water bath &entire lower rim is softened in a water bath &
inserted into the pts. mouthinserted into the pts. mouth
The pt. is guided to close in CRThe pt. is guided to close in CR
After the pt. closes his mouth till theAfter the pt. closes his mouth till the
predetermined VD, both the rims are removed,predetermined VD, both the rims are removed,
cooled & articulatedcooled & articulated
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61. FUNCTIONAL METHODSFUNCTIONAL METHODS
Needle house methodNeedle house method
Pattersons methodPattersons method
Meyers methodMeyers method
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64. GRAPHIC METHODSGRAPHIC METHODS
Intra oral methodIntra oral method
Extra oral methodExtra oral method
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65. INTRA ORAL TRACINGINTRA ORAL TRACING
The central bearing device is located intra orallyThe central bearing device is located intra orally
& is more simple compared to the extra oral& is more simple compared to the extra oral
arrow point tracingarrow point tracing
The tracer is placed within the mouthThe tracer is placed within the mouth
The tracer is not visible during the procedure &The tracer is not visible during the procedure &
the size of the tracing is very small making itthe size of the tracing is very small making it
difficult to determine the apex of the tracingdifficult to determine the apex of the tracing
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67. EXTRA ORAL TRACINGEXTRA ORAL TRACING
They are similar to the intra oral tracersThey are similar to the intra oral tracers
Additionally, they have attachments that projectAdditionally, they have attachments that project
outside the mouthoutside the mouth
The size of the tracing pattern is larger, &theThe size of the tracing pattern is larger, &the
apex can be identified easilyapex can be identified easily
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70. OTHER METHODSOTHER METHODS
Using strips of celluloidUsing strips of celluloid
Deep heating or pooling methodDeep heating or pooling method
PantographsPantographs
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71. PANTOGRAPHSPANTOGRAPHS
Consists of six styli & tracing tables attached toConsists of six styli & tracing tables attached to
the maxilla & mandible by means of a specialthe maxilla & mandible by means of a special
kinematic face bow & clutcheskinematic face bow & clutches
Two tables are adjacent to each condyle & twoTwo tables are adjacent to each condyle & two
anteriorly on either side of the mouthanteriorly on either side of the mouth
The tracings produced are called “Pantograms”The tracings produced are called “Pantograms”
Pantograms are used to program on a fullyPantograms are used to program on a fully
adjustable articulatoradjustable articulator
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73. SIGNIFICANCE OF CRSIGNIFICANCE OF CR
It is a repeatable, reproducible & recordableIt is a repeatable, reproducible & recordable
positionposition
It is a definite learned positionIt is a definite learned position
It acts as a centre from which all movements canIt acts as a centre from which all movements can
be madebe made
It is a definite entity , so it used as a referenceIt is a definite entity , so it used as a reference
point in establishing COpoint in establishing CO
It is helpful in adjusting condylar guidance in anIt is helpful in adjusting condylar guidance in an
articulator to produce balanced occlusionarticulator to produce balanced occlusion
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74. RELATION BETWEEN CR & CORELATION BETWEEN CR & CO
CR & CO need not be the same in a dentulous patientCR & CO need not be the same in a dentulous patient
Edentulous people who wear complete dentures areEdentulous people who wear complete dentures are
provided with CRO so that they can learn to pull theprovided with CRO so that they can learn to pull the
mandible back & close into a repeatable positionmandible back & close into a repeatable position
enabling the dentures to remain tightly securedenabling the dentures to remain tightly secured
CRO is the simultaneous even contact between max. &CRO is the simultaneous even contact between max. &
mand. Teeth into maximum interdigitation with themand. Teeth into maximum interdigitation with the
mandible in CRmandible in CR
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75. FACTORS INFLUCENCING THEFACTORS INFLUCENCING THE
CR RECORDSCR RECORDS
The resiliency of the supporting tissuesThe resiliency of the supporting tissues
The stability of the recording basesThe stability of the recording bases
The TMJ & its associated NM mechanismsThe TMJ & its associated NM mechanisms
The technique usedThe technique used
The skill of the dentistThe skill of the dentist
The health & co-operation of the patientThe health & co-operation of the patient
The posture of the patientThe posture of the patient
The size & position of the tongueThe size & position of the tongue
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77. ECCENTRIC JAW RELATIONECCENTRIC JAW RELATION
““Any relationship of the mandible to the maxillaAny relationship of the mandible to the maxilla
other than CR”.other than CR”.
It includes :It includes :
Protrusive jaw relationProtrusive jaw relation
Lateral jaw relationLateral jaw relation
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78. PROTRUSIVE JAW RELATIONPROTRUSIVE JAW RELATION
When the mandible is protruded there is aWhen the mandible is protruded there is a
development of distal space between the upperdevelopment of distal space between the upper
& lower occlusal surfaces of the occlusal rims or& lower occlusal surfaces of the occlusal rims or
dentures. This is known as “Christensen’sdentures. This is known as “Christensen’s
phenomenon”.phenomenon”.
It is caused by the downward & forwardIt is caused by the downward & forward
movement of the condyles.movement of the condyles.
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79. LATERAL JAW RELATIONLATERAL JAW RELATION
Lateral movements are complex activities inLateral movements are complex activities in
most humansmost humans
They are of paramount importance because theyThey are of paramount importance because they
influence the inter cuspation of teeth in workinginfluence the inter cuspation of teeth in working
masticationmastication
Bennett movement is the bodily wide shift ofBennett movement is the bodily wide shift of
the whole mandible that occurs in lateralthe whole mandible that occurs in lateral
movementsmovements
L =( H/8 + 12)L =( H/8 + 12)
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80. METHODS OF SEALING THEMETHODS OF SEALING THE
RECORD BLOCKSRECORD BLOCKS
The record blocks can be fused together using aThe record blocks can be fused together using a
heated instrumentheated instrument
ZOE impression paste can be usedZOE impression paste can be used
Staple pins are also usedStaple pins are also used
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81. ERRORS IN REGISTERING JAWERRORS IN REGISTERING JAW
RELATIONSRELATIONS
Record bases that do not fit accuratelyRecord bases that do not fit accurately
A shifting of the record bases over displaceableA shifting of the record bases over displaceable
tissues ( Realeff)tissues ( Realeff)
Excessive pressure exerted by the patient duringExcessive pressure exerted by the patient during
the recordingthe recording
Patient not registering CR because of systemicPatient not registering CR because of systemic
factorsfactors
Interference of heels of the casts duringInterference of heels of the casts during
mountingmounting
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82. CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
““Establishing the jaw relation” is an importantEstablishing the jaw relation” is an important
step in fabrication of complete dentures.step in fabrication of complete dentures.
There are many methods of obtaining jawThere are many methods of obtaining jaw
relations.relations.
In the final analysis, it is the experience andIn the final analysis, it is the experience and
judgment of the operator which helps injudgment of the operator which helps in
determining what is right for the patient.determining what is right for the patient.
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83. BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHY
1.1. Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous pts-Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous pts-
Zarb BolenderZarb Bolender
2.2. Essentials of complete dentureEssentials of complete denture
prosthodontics-Sheldon Winklerprosthodontics-Sheldon Winkler
3.3. Clinical dental prosthetics-H.R.B.FennClinical dental prosthetics-H.R.B.Fenn
4.4. Syllabus of complete dentures- Charles M.Syllabus of complete dentures- Charles M.
HeartwellHeartwell
5.5. Fabrication of complete dentures- SwensonFabrication of complete dentures- Swenson
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84. CONTD…CONTD…
66 Impressions for complete dentures- Bernaud LevinImpressions for complete dentures- Bernaud Levin
77 Pre-extraction records for CD fabricationPre-extraction records for CD fabrication
JPD2004;91:55-8JPD2004;91:55-8
88 Physiologic jaw relation and occlusion of CDPhysiologic jaw relation and occlusion of CD
JPD2004;91:203-5JPD2004;91:203-5
99 Factors influencing CR records in edentulous mouthsFactors influencing CR records in edentulous mouths
JPD2005;93:305-10JPD2005;93:305-10
1010 The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms-8 JPD2005;94The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms-8 JPD2005;94
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