1. Pre Engineered Buildings
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Introduction to Pre Engineered Buildings
Technological improvement over the year has contributed immensely to the enhancement of
quality of life through various new products and services. One such revolution was the pre
engineered buildings. Through its origin can be traced back to 1960’s its potential has been
felt only during the recent years. This was mainly due to the development in technology,
which helped in computerizing the design and design.
Though initially only off the shelf products were available in these configurations aided by
the technological development tailor made solutions are also made using this technology in
very short durations. A recent survey by the Metal Building Associations (MBMA) shows
that about 60% of the non residential low rises building in USA are pre engineered buildings.
Although PEB systems are extensively used in industrial and many other non residential
constructions world wide, it is relatively a new concept in India. These concepts were
introduced to the Indian markets lately in the late 1990’s with the opening up of the economy
and a number of multi nationals setting up their projects.The market potential of PEB’s is 1.2
million tones per annum. The current pre engineered steel building manufacturing capacity is
0.35 million tones per annum. The industry is growing at the compound rate of 25 to 30 %.
With respect to design of the structure and aesthetic appearance India is way behind. Indian
manufacturers are trying to catch up; comparatively PEB’s is a new concept in India. Beside,
in fabrication and other areas of PEB India is very good. As compared to other countries
Indian codes for building design are stringent but safer. IS standards are upgraded
continuously. In India, American codes are also followed.

2. Pre engineered steel buildings can be fitted with different structural accessories including
mezzanine floors, canopies, fascias, interior partitions etc. and the building is made water
proof by use of special mastic beads, filler strips and trims. This is very versatile buildings
systems and can be finished internally to serve any functions and accessorized externally to
achieve attractive and unique designing styles. It is very advantageous over the conventional
buildings and is really helpful in the low rise building design.
Pre engineered buildings are generally low rise buildings however the maximum eave height
can go upto 25 to 30 metres. Low rise buildings are ideal for offices, houses, showrooms,
shop fronts etc. The application of pre engineered buildings concept to low rise buildings is
very economical and speedy. Buildings can be constructed in less than half the normal time
especially when complemented with the other engineered sub systems.
The most common and economical type of low rise buildings is a building with ground floor
and two intermediate floor plus roof. The roof of low rise buildings may be flat or sloped.
Intermediate floors of low rise buildings are made of mezzanine systems. Single storied
houses for living take minimum time for construction and can be built in any type of
geographical location like extreme cold hilly areas, high rain prone areas, plain land
obviously and extreme hot climatic zones as well.
Applications of Pre Engineered Buildings (PEB)
1. WAREHOUSES
2. FACTORIES

3. 3. WORKSHOPS
4. OFFICES
5. GAS STATIONS
6. VEHICLE PARKING SHEDS
7. SHOWROOMS
8. AIRCRAFT HANGARS
9. METRO STATIONS
10. SCHOOLS
11. RECREATIONAL
12. INDOOR STADIUM ROOFS
13. OUTDOOR STADIUM CANOPIES
14. BRIDGES
15. RAILWAY PLATFORM SHELTERS
Advantages of Pre Engineered Buildings
REDUCED CONSTRUCTION TIME: Buildings are typically delivered in just a few weeks
after approval of drawings. Foundation and anchor bolts are cast parallel with finished, ready
for the site bolting. Our study shows that in India the use of PEB will reduce total
construction time of the project by at least 50%. This also allows faster occupancy and earlier
realization of revenue.
LOWER COST: Due to the systems approach, there is a significant saving in design,
manufacturing and on site erection cost. The secondary members and cladding nest together
reducing transportation cost.
FLEXIBILTY OF EXPANSION:Buildings can be easily expanded in length by adding
additional bays. Also expansion in width and height is possible by pre designing for future
expansion.
LARGE CLEAR SPANS:Buildings can be supplied to around 80M clear spans.
QUALITY CONTROL:As buildings are manufactured completely in the factory under
controlled conditions the quality is assured.
LOW MAINTENANCE : Buildings are supplied with high quality paint systems for cladding
and steel to suit ambient conditions at the site, which results in long durability and low
maintenance coats.

4. ENERGY EFFICIENT ROOFING AND WALL SYSTEMS: Buildings can be supplied
with polyurethane insulated panels or fiberglass blankets insulation to achieve required “U”
values.
ARCHITECTURAL VERSTALITY: Building can be supplied with various types of fascias,
canopies, and curved eaves and are designed to receive pre cast concrete wall panels, curtain
walls, block walls and other wall systems.
SINGLE SOURCE RESPONSIBILTY: As the complete building package is supplied by a
single vendor, compatibility of all the building components and accessories is assured. This is
one of the major benefits of the pre engineered building systems.

5. Pre Engineered Buildings Vs Conventional Steel Buildings
PROPERTY PEB BUILDINGS CONVENTIONAL STEEL
BUILDINGS
STRUCTURE WEIGHT Pre engineered buildings are
on the average 30% lighter
because of the efficient use
of steel. Primary framing
members are tapered built
up section. With the large
depths in areas of higher
stress.
Primary steel members are
selected hot rolled “T”
sections. Which are, in many
segments of the members
heavier than what is actually
required by design?
Members have constant cross
section regardless of the
varying magnitude of the
local stresses along the
member length.
Secondary members are
light weight roll formed “Z”
or “C” shaped members.
Secondary members are
selected from standard hot
rolled sections which are
much heavier.

6. DESIGN Quick and efficient: since
PEB’s are mainly formed
by standard sections and
connections design, time is
significantly reduced. Basic
design based on
international design codes
are used over and over.
Each conventional steel
structure is designed form
scratch with fewer design
aids available to the
engineer.
Specialized computer
analysis design programs
optimize material required.
Drafting is also
computerized using
standard detail that
minimize the use of project
custom details.
Substantial engineering and
detailing work is required
from the very basic is
required by the consultant
with fewer design aids.
Design shop detail sketches
and erection drawings are
supplied free of cost by the
manufacturer. Approval
drawing is usually prepared
within in 2 weeks.
Extensive amount of
consultant time is devoted to
the alterations that have to
be done.
PEB designers design and
detail PEB buildings almost
every day of the year
resulting in improving the
quality of designs every
time they work
As each project is a new
project engineers need more
time to develop the designs
and details of the unique
structure.
DELIEVERY Average 6 to 8 weeks Average 20 to 26 weeks
FOUNDATIONS Simple design, easy to
construct and light weight.
Extensive, heavy foundation
required.
ERECTION SIMPLICITY Since the connection of
compounds is standard the
learning curve of erection
for each subsequent project
is faster.
The connections are
normally complicated and
differ from project to project
resulting tin increasing the
time for erection of the
buildings.
Periodic free of charge
erection is provided at the
site by the manufacturer.
There has to be separate
allocation of labour for the
purpose of erection.
ERECTION COST AND
TIME
Both costs and time of
erection are accurately
known based upon
extensive experience with
similar buildings.
Typically, conventional steel
buildings are 20% more
expensive than PEB in most
of the cases, the erection
costs and time are not
estimated accurately.
The erection process is
faster and much easier with
very less requirement for
Erection process is slow and
extensive field labour is
required. Heavy equipment

7. equipment. is also needed.
SEISMIC RESISTANCE The low weight flexible
frames offer higher
resistance to seismic forces.
Rigid heavy frames do not
perform well in seismic
zones.
OVER ALL PRICE Price per square meter may
be as low as by 30 % than
the conventional building.
Higher price per square
meter.
ARCHITECTURE Outstanding architectural
design can be achieved at
low cost using standard
architectural details and
interfaces.
Special architectural design
and features must be
developed for each project
which often require research
and thus resulting in higher
cost.
SOURCING AND
COORDINATION
Building is supplied
complete with all
accessories including
erection for a single “ONE
STOP SOURCE”.
Many sources of supply are
there so it becomes difficult
to co ordinate and handle the
things.
COST OF CHARGE ORDER PEB manufactures usually
stock a large amount of that
can be flexibly used in
many types of PEB projects.
Substitution of hot rolled
sections infrequently rolled
by mills is expensive and
time consuming.
Change orders are easily
accommodated at all stages
of the order fulfillment
process. Little or no
material is wasted even if a
change order is made after
fabrication starts.
Change orders that are made
after the dispatch of hot
rolled sections result in
increasing the time and cost
involved in the project.
BUILDING ACCESSORIES Designed to fit the system
with standardized and inter
changeable parts. Including
pre designed flashing and
trims. Building accessories
are mass produced for
economy and are available
with the building.
Every project requires
different and special design
fro accessories and special
sourcing for each item.
Flashing and trims must be
uniquely designed and
fabricated.
FUTURE EXPANSIONS All project records are
safely and orderly kept in
electronic format which
make sit easy for the owner
to obtain a copy of his
building record at any time.
It would be difficult to
obtain project records after a
long period of time. It is
required to contact more
than one number of parties.
Future expansion is very
easy and simple.
Future expansion is most
tedious and more costly.
SAFETY AND
RESPONSIBILTY
Single source of
responsibility is there
because all the job is being
done by one supplier.
Multiple responsibilities can
result in question of who is
responsible when the
components do not fit in

8. properly, insufficient
material is supplied or parts
fail to perform particularly at
the supplier/contractor
interface.
PERFORMANCE All components have been
specified and designed
specially to act together as a
system for maximum
efficiency, precise fir and
peak performance in the
field.
Components are custom
designed for a specific
application on a specific job.
Design and detailing errors
are possible when
assembling the diverse
components into unique
buildings.
Experience with similar
buildings, in actual field
conditions world wide, has
resulted in design
improvements over time,
which allow dependable
prediction of performance.
Each building design is
unique, so predication, of
how components will
perform together is
uncertain. Materials which
have performed well in some
climates may not do well in
other conditions.

9. Design of Pre Engineered Buildings (PEB)
The main framing of PEB systems is analyzed by the stiffness matrix method. The design is
based on allowable stress design (ASD) as per the American institute of Steel Construction
specification or the IS 800. the design program provides an economic and efficient design of
the main frames and allows the user to utilize the program in different modes to produce the
frame design geometry and loading and the desired load combinations as specified by the
building code opted by the user. The program operates through the maximum number of
cycles specified to arrive at an acceptable design. The program uses the stiffness matrix
method to arrive at an acceptable design. The program uses the stiffness matrix method to
arrive at the solution of displacements and forces. The strain energy method is adopted to
calculate the fixed end moments, stiffness and carry over factors. Numerical integration is
used.
DesignCycle
The design cycle consists of the following steps:
1. Set up section sizes and brace locations based on the geometry and loading specified for
the frame design.
2. Calculate moment, shear, and axial force at each analysis point for each load combination.
3. Compute allowable shear, allowable axial and allowable bending stress in compression and
tension at each analysis point.
4. Compute the corresponding stress ratios for shear, axial and bending based on the actual
and allowable stresses and calculate the combined stress ratios.
5. Design the optimum splice location and check to see whether the predicted sizes confirm to
manufacturing constraints.
6. Using the web optimization mode, arrive at the optimum web depths for the next cycle and
update the member data file.
7. At the end of all design cycles, an analysis is run to achieve flange brace optimization.
Frame Geometry
The program has the capability to handle different types of frame geometry as follows

10. Frames of different types viz. rigid frames, frames with multiple internal columns, single
slope frames, lean to frames etc.
Frames with varying spans, varying heights and varying slopes etc.
Frames with different types of supports viz. pinned supports, fixed supports, sinking supports,
supports with some degrees of freedom released.
Unsymmetrical frames with off centric, unequal modules, varying slopes etc.
User specified purlin and girt spacing and flange brace location.
Frame Loading
Frame design can handle different types of loadings as described below:
All the building dead loads due to sheeting, purlins, etc. and the self weight of the frame.
Imposed live load on the frame with tributary reductions as well.
Collateral load such as false ceiling, light fixtures, AC ducting loads, sprinkler systems and
many other suspended loads of similar nature.
Wind loads input such as basic wind speed or basic wind pressure that will be converted to
deign wind pressure as per the building code specified by the user and shall be applied to the
different members of the building according to the coefficients mentioned in the codes
prescribed by the user. The standard building codes like MBMA, UBC, ANSI, IS:875 part 3
etc are used fro this purpose.
Crane and non crane loading can be specified by the user and the program has the capability
to handle these special loads and combine them with the other loads as required.

11. Seismic loads corresponding to the different zone categories of various international codes
can also be defined and combined with other load cases as required.Temperature loads can
also be specified in the form of different differential temperature value on centigrade and
specifying the appropriate coefficient for the thermal expansion.Load combinations with
appropriate load factors can be specified by the user as desired.
DesignCodes
Following are the main design codes generally used:
AISC : American institute of steel construction manual
AISI : American iron and steel institute specifications
MBMA : Metal building manufacturer’s code
ANSI : American national standards institute specifications
ASCE : American society of civil engineers
UBC : Uniform building code
IS : Indian standards
Design Criteria
DESIGN METHOD: Allowable stress design method is used as per the AISC specifications.
DEFLECTIONS: Unless otherwise specified, the deflections will go to MBMA, AISC
criteria and standard industry practices.
PRIMARY FRAMING: Moment resisting frames with pinned or fixed bases.
SECONDARY FRAMING: Cold formed Z sections or C sections for purlins or girts
designed as continuous beams spanning over rafters and columns with laps.
LONGITUDANAL STABILITY: Wind load on building end walls is transferred through
roof purlins to braced bays and carried to the foundations through diagonal bracing.
DESIGN SOFTWARE
The latest software that is used for design is STAAD 2007.
DESIGN PROCESS
The frame data is assembled based on number of frame members, number of joints, number
of degrees of freedom, the conditions of restraint and the elastic properties of the members.
Based on this, the data is stored and member section properties are computed. The overall
joint stiffness matrix is obtained based on the above frame data by summation of individual
stiffness matrices considering all possible displacements. The load vector is then generated

12. based on the loading data and the unknown displacements are obtained by inverting the
overall joint stiffness matrix and multiplying with the load vector.
Knowing the free joint displacements
REPORT ON PLANT VISIT
DEPARTMENTS IN THE PLANT
PRODUCTION, PLANNING & CONTROL (PPC)
SHEARING
BUILT UP
FINISHING
COLD FORM
SHIPPING
QUALITY CONTROL
MAINTENANCE (ELECTRICAL)
MAINTENANCE (MECHANICAL)
PRODUCTION, PLANNING & CONTROL
The PPC department in our plant is headed over by Mr. C.M.PANDE. The PPC department
can be called to be the controller of all the other departments of our plant because it keeps a
check on at what point of time what kind of work and how much work according to the
manpower available is to be given to a particular department. They also plan the releases as
to how much tonnage is to be released on any given data. They also keep a proper record on
daily, weekly, monthly basis that how much work is being done by which department and is
it fulfilling the criteria or not so as to ensure proper meeting up of the targets assigned. We
also got to know about the manufacturing processes that how they take place in a sequent
manner in our plant. They also made us aware of the system that how a BOQ and drawings
travels from the head office to the plant and then the work is actually distributed among the
departments in the plant. The PPC department is using nesting software to prepare proper part
marks for eg. We get HR plates in a standard width of 1500 mm so nesting software tells us
that what sized plates should be cut from that so as to minimize the scrap, this job is also
done by the PPC and is known as part marking. The entire job in the plant is done according
to these part marks only. Also the job of maintaining the inventory of raw materials is done
by the PPC department i.e. it has to keep a check on the quantity of raw materials available
and has to ensure that sufficient quantity of material is always available. Also it has to take
care of the transport availability for dispatching the materials. PPC department works in co
ordination with the every department like with accounts department.

13. This informational post has been submitted to us by Er Gursharan Singh and then modified
by Er Kanwarjot Singh. To see the presentation of the same click here.
Presentation On Pre Engineered Steel Buildings
More Entries :
 Presentation On Pre Engineered Steel Buildings
 Steel Build Expo 2012
 Load And Resistance Factor Design For Shear In Buildings
 What are the IS Codes used for Structural Engineering And Structural Sections?
 What are the IS Codes used Functional Requirements In Buildings?
 A Comparative Study of Retrofitting Of R.C. Building Using Steel Bracing And Infill
Walls
 Analysis and Design Of 2-D Tubular Frame Using USFOS Modeling
 What are the IS codes used for Construction Management?
Comments
 datta nanasaheb dighe November 21, 2008 at 3:32 pm
is it possible ao design pre engineered buildings by using indian standered codes
Reply Link Quote
o Yesha Soni December 17, 2010 at 2:14 am
YEAH OFCOURSE..
Reply Link Quote
 Kishan Shinde December 3, 2008 at 8:16 am
Can I get PEB alignment inspection procedure & IS standards for inspection PEB
erection & Alingnment
Reply Link Quote
 MANISH PRATAP SINGH December 9, 2008 at 10:08 am
Can I get PEB alignment inspection procedure & IS standards for inspection PEB
erection & Alingnment
Reply Link Quote
 Arvinderjit Singh December 14, 2008 at 7:52 am

14. We want to get Amercian Codes for Designing of PEB
Reply Link Quote
o Er. Rakesh Sharma July 17, 2010 at 6:22 am
READ MBMA-96, 2007
Reply Link Quote
 GETACHEW OKBAY January 24, 2009 at 6:47 am
our company would like to purchase a soft ware that could do design for
preengineered building structural analysis, shop drawing, erection drawing, BOQ,
Anchor bolt plan etc automatic generation by computer, so would you please give us a
contact detail so that we will detail our communication.
with retgards#
Getachew Okbay
Reply Link Quote
 Badrul Islam February 4, 2009 at 9:03 am
Can I get quality improvement procedure and Process improvement in PEB Section
With Regards
Badrul Islam
Reply Link Quote
 Prem Shenoy February 9, 2009 at 12:18 am
While the Analysis of any Structure would be universal, designs need to be done as
per the local/ regional codes.Other wise why different countries have different codes
of Practice? For example, If a PEB is built in India, The load calculations need to be
as per the latest IS 875, the designs need to be as per IS800 for main frame members,
as per IS 801 for thin rolled secondary members (Z and C purlins and Girts). If a
country does not have a code, the building may follow the UBC, or the code of a
country near by IF suitable.
To make the superstructure most economical and very competitive, most of the PEB
vendors select the codes as per THEIR requirement. For example, for a structure built
in India, they might calculate the loads as per IS 875, but do the design as per AISC or
MBMA and use welds as per AWS. If they feel that the Steel Section is lighter as per
one code, they will adopt THAT clause of the code and select an equivalent clause of
another code of another country. Some PEB vendors select some clauses of Previous
versions of the Code and other clauses of the Latest Versions ! This style is not the
same every time. PEB Design teams are on constant research in the Selection of
Codal provisions of Variuos countries and are on trials with different clauses.

15. This way of varied design is not legally valid. If the loads and Codes are not specified
by the buyer, It is binding on the PEB supplier to use the Local/ Regional Codes of
practice.
The evolution of a Code of Practice is based on the Weather & other climatic
conditions, Material, Local Practices, Skill levels at manufacturing,Transporting,
Assembling,erecting, finishing and maintaining. Hence it is rediculus to use Indian
Steel plate of any yield stress, Cut and manufactured in India, Loaded & transported
in Indian Style, Unloaded and stacked in Indian Style, Assembled & erected by Indian
(skilled) Labour, Finished by Indian Painters using Indian paints, Maintained by
Indian Client in an Indian Town or village BUT DESIGNED USING AMERICAN
CODE ! Most of the clients, Arcitects and Engineers in India feel that American
Codes are Better than Indian!
Clients,Architects and Engineers in India, Beware! The Pre Engineered Buildings are
not a New Concept. But the Jumping-Code-Practice is the NEW Concept and STYLE.
If you are not Sure of the Codes, DO NOT SIGN a Purchase order just copying the
Specifications given by the PEB Vendor. Just mention somewhere that the Latest
Revisions of Indian Standard Codes should be followed. Luckily, India has all the
codes available for the design of all the Parts of a PEB structure.
Premanand Shenoy. M.Tech,MIE,FIAStructE
Structural Consultant and Managing Partner
Roy and Shenoy, India.
Reply Link Quote
 ravee March 6, 2009 at 8:22 am
hi all!
i have received the PEB’s reaction & moments there are
1. what are the load combinations to be considered
2. the vendor has given the Dead, collateral, Live, Wind_L1 seismic…. like this 16
loads
which are the ones should i consider
3. can i get any example of the design of foundation system
thanks in advance
raveeleo
Reply Link Quote
 varal pandu June 21, 2009 at 2:36 pm
could you please guide in my job hunting in pre-engineering metal building jobs
in overseas as i am a detailing engineer with around 4 years of exp. presently
associated with zamil steel,pune looking for future growth in same field
Reply Link Quote
 HANS July 2, 2009 at 7:02 am

16. Good impressive web site .
We are a Turnkey service provider for Pre engineered and Pre fabricated steel
building .
We would be interested to undertake projects of this kind .
Reply Link Quote
 SHABEENA BEGUM August 9, 2009 at 12:00 pm
kindly give me the detailed design of a pre engineered building for a shed of 32m
span and80m length
Reply Link Quote
 Roger - PEMB Dealer August 20, 2009 at 4:25 am
We would be pleased to provide PEMB sales support for any project in any country.
We can ship worldwide our building systems.
If you can list required local codes we can meet or exceed any code.
We have all US codes on file currently.
Reply Link Quote
 K.Rajaganapathi October 6, 2009 at 6:25 am
Dear Sir,
I will learn pre engineered building design
Where is avilable this coruse
Please mail adreess
Reply Link Quote
 SURESHA.K October 25, 2009 at 3:53 am
DEAR SIR,
I WANT KNOW ABOUT MEASUREMENT OF AREA IN PEB IS FROM
CENTRE TO CENTRE LINE OF BUILDING OR IT IS FROM STEEL LINE TO
STEEL LINE?
ALSO I WANT TO KNOW THAT WHILE FIXING RATE TO THE ERECTOR
WHICH AREA WILL CONSIDER FOR PAYMENT.
KINDLY DO THE NEED FULL. THANKS
Reply Link Quote
 anshuman October 30, 2009 at 12:20 pm

17. hi me anshuman .if possible pls guide me the required frame size in 30 mt span
frame,x30 mt width.wht size of purlin req n how much distance-thanks n
regards.anshuman
Reply Link Quote
 bapat & sons November 28, 2009 at 1:24 am
we have an enquiry for a industrial shed measuring 90mts x 30 mts with height of 10
mts in Aurangabad ( maharashtra ).
It will be our pleasure if we can work together& give offer for complete job.
waiting for reply.
thanking you
with regards
Reply Link Quote
 sathishkumar.g December 25, 2009 at 9:15 pm
which std we have to follow for PEB fabrications.
Reply Link Quote
o Er. Rakesh Sharma July 17, 2010 at 6:37 am
1ST U CAN LEARN ABOUT THE DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES, AS
PER IS AND AISE (STEEL DESIGN) THEN STARTING LEARN OF
CODES FOR LOAD DESIGN IS 875 PART -I TO V.
OR MAIL UR PROBLEMS IN MY E MAIL
Reply Link Quote
o Er. Rakesh Sharma July 17, 2010 at 6:38 am
IN THE FABRICATION U CAN USE FOR WELD AWS CODE AND FOR
STEEL AISE
Reply Link Quote
 hani January 1, 2010 at 10:28 pm
planting concrete column on top of concrete slab ?for archtecture cange
Reply Link Quote
 srinivas January 29, 2010 at 2:42 am

18. we would like to purchase a soft ware that could do design for preengineered building
structural analysis, shop drawing, erection drawing, BOQ, Anchor bolt plan etc
automatic generation by computer, so would you please give us a contact detail. and
also let me konw 30mts span,300mts lenght,and 16mts clear heightand soil test report
is 13.near seashore
Reply Link Quote
 basha February 2, 2010 at 1:45 am
i want to learn the design of pre engg buildings, can you let me know any standard
institute where i can learn design (if possible in bangalore)
Reply Link Quote
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