Bibliographic paradigm and the digital information resources
1. Bibliographic Paradigm and the
Digital Information Resources
Nurhazman Abdul Aziz
Council Member for Information Technology Committee
Library Association of Singapore
Librarian (Technology & Systems)
Nanyang Technological University
2. Introduction
about me
Nurhazman abdul Aziz (Hazman Aziz)
Community Profession (Community Social Responsible)
Elected Council Member for Information Technology Committee
Library Association of Singapore, Singapore
Knowledge Technologist (Webmaster)
Angakatan Sasterawan’ 50, Singapore - National Art Council (Funded)
Social Technologist
Various Community Initiative
Profession
Librarian (Technology & Systems)
Nanyang Technological University
4. Introduction
Background
“… over the 5 past years, the roles of a librarian to my
perspective is more than just at the reference desk or building
digital library. It involves passion, professionalism and practices
to make you an experience one.
The work of a librarian is beyond the call of duty, where oneself
has not only have to look how to understand the flow of
information but to create a value in it and experience the
immersive in the community
And if that librarian is able to deliver, he/she has achieves more
than just building a library. But, oneself who brings in life
knowledge to the community….”
Hazman Aziz
Rebranding your profession
Brunei Library Association Conference December, 20012
6. Bibliographic Paradigm
Melville Louis Kossuth (Melvil) Dewey
An American librarian and educator,
inventor of the Dewey Decimal system of
library classification.
He worked out a new scheme that
superimposed a system of decimal
numbers on a structure of knowledge
first outlined by Sir Francis Bacon
And, many public and school like
adopt this system till today.
7. Building a Digital Information Resources
“ …. a challenge to us, librarians
today”
9. Let’s take a look in today’s web
Discography
Filmography
Webography
10. Bibliographic Paradigm
The bibliographical perspective
". . . bibliography is the discipline that studies texts as
recorded forms, and the processes of their transmission,
including their production and reception . . . I define 'text' to
include verbal, visual, oral, and numeric data . . ." .
(McKenzie, 1999: 12).
12. Physical Paradigm (System-Oriented Approach)
1. Mechanical,
1. Based on abstract generalizations
about information retrieval languages,
2. Reductionist
Often, one have the feeling that by "system" is
meant "computer system".
However, also the bibliographical system have been
understood as part of the "systems oriented
approach" (c.f., bibliographic paradigm).
13. Cognitive views (User Views)
Cognitive paradigms in LIS are approaches inspired by cognitive
psychology and the interdisciplinary field known as cognitive
sciences.
"That any processing of information, whether perceptual or symbolic, is
mediated by a system of categories or concepts which, for the
information processing device, are a model of his [its] world"
(de Mey, 1977, p. xvi-xvii & 1980, p. 48).
15. Enumerative bibliography
“… share a common factor: this may be a topic, a
language, a period, or a theme.
An entry for a book in a bibliography usually contains the
following information:
1. author(s)
2. Title
3. Publisher
4. date of publication
An entry for a journal or periodical article usually contains:
1. author(s)
2. article title
3. journal title
4. Volume
5. Pages
6. date of publication
16. Enumerative bibliography
A bibliography may be arranged by:
1. author,
2. topic, or
3. some other scheme
Annotated bibliographies give descriptions
about how each source is useful to an author in
constructing a paper or argument.
These descriptions, usually a few sentences
long, provide a summary of the source and
describe its relevance.
17. What has we done
Your Content Management
System Platform
Your Project:
1. Your library blog/website
2. Your Journal blog/site
3. Your subject blog/site
Your social media presence
1
2
3
20. The Open Graph Protocol
The Open Graph
protocol enables any web page
to become a rich object in a
social graph.
For instance, this is used on
Facebook to allow any web page
to have the same functionality as
any other object on Facebook.
21. The Open Graph Protocol
The Idea
Convert the web from
a hyperlinks related
Documents to related
Objectsts
Make it a part of the
Social Graph
Depend on the social
connection nested of
the links and page
ranks
22. The Open Graph Protocol
Add some
metadata to
your page
Facebook
generates
Admin pages
Build your
Robot to
update them
24. Key Concept – Actions and Object
Title
Actions and objects are the
building blocks of Open
Graph.
Actions are the high level
social actions users can
perform in your app.
Objects represent the type of
things that users can connect
with in your app.
25. The diagram below illustrates the
process:
1.User takes an action in the app, such
as "cook" a "recipe“
2.App calls a Graph
API /me/action:object=Object_URL
3.Facebook will crawl the object URL,
read its meta tags and connects the
object to the user's Graph via the
action.
----------------------------------------------------
The Open Graph protocol was
originally created at Facebook and is
inspired by Dublin Core , link-rel
canonical , Microformats , and RDFa .
Key Concept – Open Graph Mechanics
26. Social Channels
News Feed and Ticker
When an action is published, the activity may appear in their News Feed and friends' News Feeds and
will appear in their friends' Ticker.
28. Social Channels
Aggregations and Reports
Aggregations are summaries of Open Graph activities which showcase a user's
interactions with your app on their Timeline in structured and interesting ways.
30. The Implementation
The Open Graph Protocol plugin
gives you a lot of flexibility when it
comes to generating the required
meta tags for these pages.
The core assumptions in the physical paradigm are according to Ellis:
- Mechanical,
- Based on abstract generalizations about information retrieval languages,
- Reductionist ("..the assumption that index languages consisted of amalgams of index language devices meant that index language performance (in terms of the measures of recall and precision) could be directly explained by reference to the combination of use of the different index language device, just as the performance of a mechanical system can be explained with reference to the contributions of the different elements of the system").
"It is widely recognized that both individual information needs and institutional information access are socially conditioned. However, conducting information seeking research on a macro-sociological level has turned out to be difficult within the cognitive viewpoint, since it is basically a theory of how individuals process information. The cognitive viewpoint offers no concrete and obvious solutions to the question of how to conceptualize and study the socio-cultural context of information processes. " (Talja, 1997).
"It is widely recognized that both individual information needs and institutional information access are socially conditioned. However, conducting information seeking research on a macro-sociological level has turned out to be difficult within the cognitive viewpoint, since it is basically a theory of how individuals process information. The cognitive viewpoint offers no concrete and obvious solutions to the question of how to conceptualize and study the socio-cultural context of information processes. " (Talja, 1997).
So what do these spheres mean? Anyone who sells something or provides a service that people use should be looking for as much exposure as they can get on the web. The external data sphere represents human and machine readable data that you’d want everyone to access. One of the primary vehicles gaining popularity on the web is RDFa, a way of utilizing richly annotated HTML to deliver data to machines while retaining the rich visual web human users have become accustomed to. There are also markup techniques like Microdata that do a similar job, allowing us to enrich HTML utilizing semantic vocabularies like GoodRelations to create virtual representations of real world physical objects. Search engines like Yahoo! have been taking advantage of rich data markup techniques for years, and Google has built RDFa, Microdata and Microformats support into their Rich Snippets initiative. The great thing about “front-end” semantic markup techniques is with a little additional knowledge and tools, it allows countless numbers of HTML devs to create a very rich web of data by simply adding data annotations to their HTML, essentially making the entire web an open and queryable database or API for us to extract knowledge from.
On the other side of the spectrum, most businesses have proprietary or sensitive data that they would not want to expose, but could still utilize internally for business benefits. This is where non human-readable semantic data technologies like RDF/XML would be useful. Companies could build internal apps that query a large amount of data that they posses, but typically don’t utilize. What if I could mash up internal data like product margins, inventory levels, along with store trend data and the “sentiment of the web” and start asking it questions? I can see benefits that touch every aspect of the business, from extremely contextual consumer and associate-facing product recommendation engines to merchandising tools that automatically determine trends and adjust product levels across the enterprise, even down to the region or individual store level, with limited human involvement.
Combining these external and internal data structures will result in insights — a necessary resource needed by all companies simply to survive in the current extremely competitive landscape. Data-driven insights are device, platform and trend agnostic, meaning they can easily be utilized and deployed to any new app, operating system or device. With the online space rapidly transforming into a “splinternet” of device types and methods for consuming and producing data, a solid base of semantically structured and linked data will be key to the next generation of successful enterprises.