Road users have long been known to fall asleep whilst driving. Driving long hours can induce fatigue causing lack of concentration and occasionally road accidents. Up to 20% of fatal crashes may be linked to driver fatigue. Our model presented a low-cost and simple distributed force sensor that is particularly suitable for measuring grip force and hand position on a steering wheel. The sensor can be used in automotive active safety systems that aim at detecting driver’s fatigue, which is a major issue to prevent road accidents. The key point of our approach is to design a prototype of sensor units, so that it can serve as platform for integrating different kinds of sensors into the steering wheel.

1. DESIGN OF STEERING WHEEL WITH ANTI-FATIGUE
DRIVING SYSTEM
PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
HARIHARAN.L
ANIRUDH SRINATH.V
KUMAR PRATIK
LAKSHMI SUBRAMANIAN.G
Of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
EASWARI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, RAMAPURAM
ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025
MAY 2013

2. INTRODUCTION
Road users have long been known to fall asleep whilst driving. Driving long hours
can induce fatigue causing lack of concentration and occasionally road accidents. Up to
20% of fatal crashes may be linked to driver fatigue. This paper presents a low-cost and
simple distributed force sensor that is particularly suitable for measuring grip force and
hand position on a steering wheel. The sensor can be used in automotive active safety
systems that aim at detecting driver’s fatigue, which is a major issue to prevent road
accidents. The key point of our approach is to design a prototype of sensor units, so that it
can serve as platform for integrating different kinds of sensors into the steering wheel.
EXISTING SYSTEM
In existing system we use eye blink sensor in this we have to wear a glass and it has IR
sensor is fixed in that glass to sense drowsiness. The S.A.M. fatigue warning device
Developed by U.S. Digital Installations uses magnetic bar that was fixed under the steering
wheel to detect angle of the Steering wheel. If the driver doesn’t carry out any corrective
action on the steering wheel in the period of time, the system infers that the driver has
become into the fatigue, and triggers the alarm.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Since IR waves are used it causes side effects to human eyes when constantly used.
The existing system uses video based recognition and it may be affected due to
surrounding Noise (unwanted element in video range) and there are more chances for false
alarm. Therefore we are implementing a proposed system where no IR radiation is
involved.

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The purpose of this project is to investigate the development of a system for
detecting the likelihood that a driver is about to fall asleep in control of the vehicle, and to
sound an alarm or carry out some other function if this occurs. In this system the driver’s
fatigue is going to detect with the help of steering wheel grip sensor.
In steering sensor part, the sensors are placed in the steering wheel. The output of
the sensor is given to the ADC0808.The ADC output is given to the microcontroller; here we
are going to check the grip values. If the pressure of the driver is reduced in the steering
than the microcontroller gives the indication by means of alarm and stop the vehicle after
quite bit time. Using GPS the location will be received. And the location will send to the
control section via GSM technology.

4. BLOCK DIAGRAM
.
Recognition
Authentication
Processing

5. Number of Units (Modules)
 Power Supply Unit
 Microcontroller Unit.
 Sensor Unit.
 Communication Unit.
 Display Unit.
 Alerting Unit
 Relay Unit.
 Software Unit
Power Supply Unit
The supply of 5V DC is given to the system which is converted from 230V AC supply.
Firstly, the step down transformer will be used here for converting the 230V AC into 12V
AC. The microcontroller will support only the DC supply, so the AC supply will be converted
into DC using the bridge rectifier. The output of the rectifier will have ripples so we are
using the 2200uf capacitor for filtering those ripples. The output from the filter is given to
the 7805 voltage regulator which will convert the 12V DC into 5V DC. The output from the
regulator will be filtered using the 1000uf capacitor, so the pure 5V DC is getting as the
output from the power supply unit. Here we are using the 8051 microcontroller which will
be capable of getting the supply of 5V DC so we have to convert the 230V AC supply into 5V
DC supply.

6. 8051 MICROCONTROLLER PIN DIAGRAM
In this project we are using the 8051 microcontroller for controlling the devices which are
all connected with the same. The controller is connected with the GSM, GPS, Wheel grip
sensor, LCD, buzzer, relay with DC motor. When the sensor value gets abnormal then the
microcontroller will check the abnormality and it will activate the GSM modem by using the
AT commands. It will send the message to the emergency number with the latitude and
longitude value of the accident location which is obtained from the GPS. And the controller
will stop the vehicle motor by switching the relay from the port pin in which it has been
connected. The controller also invokes the buzzer to alert the driver. The microcontroller
will display the things which are all happens in that vehicle i.e., when the driver is in active
status it will display that “Driver is in normal condition”. If the controller identifies the
driver is in fatigue condition then, it will display that “Driver is in abnormal condition”. The
microcontroller also displays the information i.e., “Message sent” after sending the message
to the emergency number

7. Pin diagram of 8051
Sensor Unit
The sensor unit will sense the physical parameters and convert them into electrical
signal and amplify the signal using the amplifiers.

8. Wheel Grip Sensor
The wheel grip sensor is used here for detecting the hand grip of the drivers in the
steering wheel. This sensor will be connected with the steering wheel. So the fatigue status
of the driver can be easily identified by the grip given by the driver.
Communication Unit
Communication unit will send or receive the datas from the microcontroller.

9. GSM
In this project when the driver is in fatigue condition, the GSM modem is used to
send the accident information to the emergency number with the latitude and longitude
values by getting the AT commands from the microcontroller. Here the GSM modem sends
the message as “Driver gets fatigue condition in this location”. The command for sending
the message using the GSM modem is AT+CMGS.So the syntax is AT+CMGS=”Mobile
number”-> body of the message ->ctrl+z.
GPS
GPS is used to receive the latitude and longitude value directly from the satellite as
the TTL signal. GPS is connected with the UART of the microcontroller. So the
microcontroller will always receive those values from the GPS. When the driver gets fatigue
condition then the values will be sent as the message to the emergency number via GSM
modem.

10. Display Unit
LCD
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is used as the displaying device. Here we are using the
2X16 LCD which is capable of accessing the datas in four bits as well as eight bits also. In
this project we are going to display the abnormal and the normal status of the drivers and
the information after the message sent from the GSM modem.

11. Alerting Unit
Buzzer
In this project we are using the buzzer to alert the driver when he is in fatigue
condition. It will produce the beep sound which will alert the driver and return them to
active state. Here we are using the vibration type buzzer which will take less current from
the main supply.
Relay Unit
Relay is the switching unit which is used to turn on or turn off the devices connected
to it.
DC motor
Here the DC motor is considered as the vehicle motor which is connected with the
relay circuit.
In this project the relay circuit is used to stop the vehicle motor when the driver
goes to fatigue state. Here we are using induction type relay because it is capable of
triggered using the transistors.