15. Backcross design Parental strains X X F 1 strains Backcross Progeny Non-recombinants Recombinants Frequency = 1 - r Frequency = r m q m q M Q M Q m q M Q M Q M Q m q M Q M Q M Q m Q M Q M q M Q
16. Bulked segregant analysis 14L 14H F 1 F 2 Bulk 1 Mostly qq ; enriched for m , depleted for M Bulk 2 Mostly QQ ; enriched for M , depleted for m m q m q M Q M Q M Q m q
20. Grand-daughter design X Grandsire & Grandam(s) X X Sons x random dams (genotyped) Son Son Grand-daughters M 1 Q 1 M 2 Q 2 M x Q x M x Q x M x Q x M x Q x M 1 Q 1 M x Q x M 2 Q 2 M x Q x M x Q x M x Q x M 1 Q 1 M x Q x M x Q x M x Q x M x Q x M x Q x M 2 Q 2 M x Q x
21. Determining the genome sequence Sequence assembly Partial digest Library of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) with genomic fragments Alignment of BAC clones > contigs and anchoring On the molecular gene map Sequencing of overlapping BAC clone fragments “ Tiling path” > selection of BAC clones to be sequenced Annotation of genome sequence > prediction of genes
22. Genomes of human and mouse compared human: 22 chromosomes + X or Y mouse: 19 chromosomes + X or Y homologous segments are color-coded (total >300) human chromosomes correspond to segments of different mouse chromosomes e.g.. Segments of chr. 10, 11, 15, 16 and 19 correspond to mouse chromosome 7