The document discusses various means of transportation used in rural and urban areas. In rural areas, perishable foods are transported daily by bullock carts, tractor trolleys, or trucks. Mules are used to transport goods in hilly areas. Bullock carts can transport goods to and from farms. Camels transport goods like red chilies in deserts. In urban areas, trucks and trailers transport heavy machinery. Railways are suitable for transporting large volumes of goods over long distances. Ships transport heavy items between countries. While modern transportation has disadvantages like traffic and pollution, improvements like flyovers and cleaner fuels are helping address these issues.

1. Presented by Dhairya Mehta of 4F Let us travel

2. People use different means of transport for traveling over different distances. The selection of the means of transport depends on the time & the money that is spent on travel. Why do we use means of transport?

3. Rural transportation

4. Vegetables & fruits are perishable items hence, they are transported on daily basis to nearby cities & towns in bullock carts, tractor trolleys or trucks. After the harvesting of wheat & rice, trucks laden with gunny bags or grains, make their way on the rural roads to the nearby town or city.

5. The goods carried by a different means of transport give us a clear indication about the crops grown in that area

6. They also transport light machinery for agriculture life crushers & grinders.

7. In coastal areas, the fishermen use boats to transport fish & other food items. Sometimes steamers & ferries with cold storage are used to transport fish laden baskets. On the hilly areas, mules are used for transporting goods along with pithus.

8. Uses of bullock cart

9. A bullock cart or a horse cart can go up to the farm. This helps the farmer to load the vegetables easily for quick transportation. The farmer has used it to pull water from the well, plough the fields & transport the goods to the market.

10. The camel is loaded with sacks of red chilies or other items & is beautifully decked up with tassels or bells. Transportation in deserts

11. Urban transportation

12. Huge trucks & trailers transport a variety of heavy machines from the sea ports & factories to different parts of our country.

13. Railways are suitable for carrying larger quantity of produce over long distances throughout India. It is more economical than other means of transport. Railways

14. Ships are used for transporting very heavy items like oil drilling, equipments, machinery for printing, textile & other manufacturing industries from one country to another. Uses of ships

15. Disadvantages of modern transportation

16. The traffic jams, delay in delivery of goods, accidents & pollution are the negative effects of the expanding role of means of transportation in modern times. Many flyovers, bridges & city bypasses have helped remove unnecessary delays. Vehicles are using CNG & better quality of petrol & diesel to reduce vehicular pollution.

17. Means of transport Agencies Stage of marketing Head load, animal back, bullock cart Farmers 1. From the village to the farm market By rickshaws, cars & buses Consumers 4.From retailer to consumer By trucks, railways, mini trucks Millers/retailers 3. From miller & wholesale market to retailers By trucks & railways Traders/millers 2. From village market to the wholesale market & miller