Man first traveled on foot and later began taming animals to carry him and his goods. He also learned to float rafts on rivers. This started a system of land and water transport. The invention of the wheel further advanced transportation, moving from hand carts to bullock carts and horse carriages. Today we have modern vehicles like cars, trucks, buses and trains for quick travel over land and planes for air travel.

2. To begin with,he travelled on foot.Later on,he
started to tame animals and train them to
carry him and his goods.He also learnt to
float rafts on rivers and streams.Thus started
a system of transport by land and water.The
invention of the wheel brought about a big
change in the system of transportation.Man
moved from using wheeled hand carts to
bullock carts and horse carriages.Now,we
have a number of modern vehicles to help us
to go quickly from one place to another.

3.  These include cars,trucks,buses and
trains.We also have many types of
aeroplanes.Thus,today man travels by air
too!

4. LAND TRANSPORT
 There are two means of transport by land-
Roads and Railways
 Roads: Roads connect different places and
make it possible for us to travel from one place
to another.They also help us to transport food
grains,medicine and other products.The biggest
advantage that roads have over other means of
transport is that goods of any type can be taken
right up to the final point were they need to be

5.  delivered.This is possible because roads can
be bulid in all places,even the remotest
village on a hill.

6.  National highway:The National Highway
connects all the important cities with each
other.It connects important cities of different
states.
 State highways: State Highways are
important

8.  The Metro railway is an important step
towards improving the transportation
system. The Metro is the particularly useful
in crowded cities. The Calcutta Metro was
the first in India. Our capital city Delhi also
has its own Metro now. It carries thousands
of passengers daliy, connecting far off
places in the city

9. AIR TRANSPORT
 Air transport are the fastest means of
transport. They are used for travelling very
long distances in the shortest time possible.
They take us across cities, states and
countries in just few hours. This is why
aeroplanes are used in times of
emergencies or calamities. They are used to
drop food, medicines, etc., during war time or
floods. Aeroplanes are also used for
transporting perishable items like food,

10.  flowers and special medicines. But the
journey by air is very expensive. Aeroplanes
that fly within the different states of country
are called

12. WATER TRANSPORT
 Water transport is one of the oldest means of
transport in India. Prior to the advent of rail
and road transports, goods and people were
moved from one place to another through
water transport. Since there is almost very
small cost involved in the construction and
maintenance of waterways this transport
system is always cheaper.

13.  According to one estimate the construction of
each km of railway and road needs an
investment of Rs. 1.0-1.5 crores and Rs.
0.60-0.75 crore respectively whereas only
Rs. 0.10 crore is required to develop same
length of waterways. Their development is
faster and maintenance cost much lower.
Waterways are of two types: (a) Inland
waterways, and (b) Sea ways or ocean ways
also called shipping.