2. INTRODUCTION
Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS)
are the system where the man
searches for new methods of entry of
drugs in to the body in order to show
its activity in the body .
The new drug delivery systems that
have been developed and developing
are the mucoadhesive drug delivery
systems , drug patches, transdermal
patches etc.
3. DEFINITION
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system may
be defined as a drug delivery system
which utilize property of bioadhesion of
certain water soluble polymers which
become adhesive on hydration and hence
can be used for targeting a drug to a
particular region of the body for extended
periods of time.
4. TYPES OF MUCOADHESIVE DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEM
ORAL
BUCCAL
MUCOADHESIVE RECTAL
VAGINAL
OCULAR
NASAL
5. MECHANISM OF MUCOADHESIVE
COMPOSITION OF
MUCOUS
Water > 95%
Glycoprotein of high
molecular weight
Mineral salts – 1%
Free salts – 0.5-1%
6. FACTORS AFFECTING MUCOADHESIVE
1. Polymer related factors
i) Molecular weight :
ii)Concentration of active polymer
iii)Flexibility of polymer chains
2.Environment related factors :
i)pH of polymer - substrate interface
ii) Applied strength
iii) Initial contact time
iv)Swelling
3. Physiological factors:
i)Disease state
7. ADVANTAGES
First pass elimination associated with oral administration
, so increase the bioavaibility and therapeutic activity.
Both lipophilic and hydrophilic drug can be permeated.
These dosage forms are readily localized in the region
applied to improve and enhance the bioavailability of
drugs
Mucoadhesive dosage forms also prolong the residence
time of the dosage form at the site of application and
absorption to permit once or twice a day dosing.
8. DISADVANTAGES
Oral ingestions results in more exposure of a drug
to the GI tract. One of the side effects of many
antibiotics is the destruction of normal GI flora
resulting in diarrhea and overgrowth with
dangerous organisms such as C. difficile.
The absorption of mucoadhesive drugs is adversely
affected by the presence of food. Tetracycline's, in
particular, complicates the administration of this
class of antibiotics via the oral route.
9. MUCOADHESIVE DOSAGE FORMS
Mucoadhesive Buccal Films:
Mucoadhesive buccal films are most commonly prepared by the
solvent casting technique in which various substrates including
mercury, Teflon, glass and aluminium are used for film formation.
Among these substrates, mercury was found to give best results.
Mucoadhesive microspheres:
Mucoadhesive microspheres have advantages of efficient
absorption and enhanced bioavailability of drugs, a much more
intimate contact with the mucus layer, and specific targeting of
drugs to the absorption site.
Mucoadhesive microparticles:
Mucoadhesive microparticles is an improved drug delivery system
which are believed to bind to the mucus layer coating the stomach
and other regions of the GIT. These mucoadhesive microparticles
bind to the mucus layer leading either to slow release into the GIT
or direct delivery to the gastrointestinal mucosa.
10. Mucoadhesive microcapsules:
Mucoadhesive microcapsules are a type of controlled-release dosage form.
They offer numerous benefits including reducing stress resulting from
restraint, handling, and dosing and avoiding expensive or difficult drug
administration procedures. They can be used for vaginal administration to
treat vaginal infections and to increase patient convenience.
Mucoadhesive tablets:
Mucoadhesive tablets have been developed to increase the retention of drug in
GIT and/or to keep a sustained release of drug towards the medium from
where it is constantly removed. Thus, treatment of many diseases is done.
Mucoadhesive patches:
These mucoadhesive formulations offer many advantages in comparison to
traditional treatments and can be proposed as a new therapeutic tool against
dental and buccal diseases and disturbances.
11. EVALUATION TEST
1)Weight variation
2)Friability
3)Hardness
4)Content uniformity
5) Drug release study of Mucoadhesive tablets
6) Swelling index
7)Water sorption studies
8)Mucoadhesive strength
12. AIM AND OBJECTIVE
DRUG CATEGORY CLASS HALF-LIFE
The objective of the
study mainly is to
Diltiazem Anti-anginal, Calcium 3-4.5
develop, characterize channel hours
Anti-
and evaluate arrythmiatic blocking
agent
mucoadhesive
Atenolol Anti- B- 6-7 hours
dosage forms Hypertensive, adrenergic
employing various Anti-anginal blocking
agent
mucoadhesive
Nifedipine Anti- Calcium 2-5 hours
polymers for Hypertensive, channel
prolonged absorption. Anti-anginal blocking
agent
The mentioned Captopril Anti- Acetylcholin 2-5 hours
Hypertensive e inhibitor
drugs are most
Anti angial
commonly used in
the preparation of
mucoadhesive drug
delivery systems.
13. Buccal drug delivery system
Drug delivery according to membranes of oral cavity:
A. Sublingual delivery: The membrane of tongue and
the floor of the mouth.
Administration of drug via sublingual mucosa to
systemic circulation.
B. Buccal delivery: The lining of
cheek.
Administration of drug via buccal mucosa
to the systemic circulation.
Local delivery : For the treatment of condition of the oral
cavity. Eg. Apthous ulcer, fungal condition
14. ADVANTAGES
1. Bypasses the hepatic first pass metabolism and greater
bioavailability.
2. Delivery device can be made unidirectional: only oral mucosal
absorption.
3. Buccal mucosa is less prone to damage or irritation than oral
mucosa.
4. Extent of perfusion is more , therefore quick and effective.
5. Nausea and vomiting are greatly avoided.
Since the formulation is light:
•Less transport cost
•Economy of raw material
•cheap
15. DISADVANTAGES
1. Relatively smaller area of absorption
2. The thickness of delivery system should be limited to
a few millimeter in order to avoid inconveniences for
patient.
3. Part of drug may be dissolve in saliva and may be
swallowed.
4. Drugs which irritate oral mucosa or have bitter taste
cause allergic reaction , discoloration teeth cannot be
formulated.
5. If formulation contains antimicrobial agents, affect the
natural microbial flora of mouth.
