1. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS and YOUTH HEALTH Presented by Helena & Kelsie 18/10/2010 1 YOUTHWORK 251 - Recreation and Youth

2. Definitions Youth All men and women aged between 12 – 24 years old. Youth Development Strategy Aotearoa, 2002 18/10/2010 YOUTHWORK 251 - Recreation and Youth 2

3. Definitions Socio-economic status is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family’s economic and social position relative to others, based on income, education, and occupation. Wikipedia, 2010 18/10/2010 YOUTHWORK 251 - Recreation and Youth 3

4. Income The health of a population is affected more by the degree of inequality of income distribution than by the level of wealth per se. Low quality food could lead to lack of nutrition. Lower income families often cut the food budget after paying for fixed costs such as rent 18/10/2010 YOUTHWORK 251 - Recreation and Youth 4

5. Income - Diet Food security refers to having reliable and sustainable access to affordable foods of high nutritional value, and is a key determinant of whether or not such foods will be consumed. Pacific households experienced higher rates of food insecurity than other New Zealand households Less than half of households with dependent Pacific children could afford to eat properly all the time, compared to the national average of 78 percent. The University of Auckland, 2010 18/10/2010 YOUTHWORK 251 - Recreation and Youth 5

6. Income – Diet (Pacific) A Pacific youth health study for Waitemata DHB found that generally there is an acceptance by Pacific youth that many will be overweight. Study participants saw this to be because food is an important element of Pacific culture, and the types of food that are eaten are not likely to change and are the primary cause of being overweight Leger, 2005 “We do have choices but at home we have to eat what is put in front of us” 18 year old Samoan girl 18/10/2010 YOUTHWORK 251 - Recreation and Youth 6

7. Education Provide knowledge of information How to budget household expenses Where to get the best buy for one’s money When paying less is a good strategy What foods are nutritious How to keep the children healthy When it’s necessary to visit the doctors or not People who are well educated tend to have friends who are well educated and are thus better able to help them out with information and support. Ross and Huber, 1985: 323 as cited by Barwick, 1992 18/10/2010 YOUTHWORK 251 - Recreation and Youth 7

8. Education Level of education improves access to health information- most health information comes in written form, making it virtually inaccessible to people with limited literacy. Similarly, people with limited literacy cannot discover how to access appropriate health services, and are too embarrassed to seek help. Unhealthy lifestyle practices- people with limited literacy are more likely than others to smoke, take little exercise, have poor nutrition and fail to participate in health screening programmes. Grosse and Aufrey, 1992 as cited by Barwick, 1992 18/10/2010 YOUTHWORK 251 - Recreation and Youth 8

9. Gilbert-Kahl Model 18/10/2010 YOUTHWORK 251 - Recreation and Youth 9

10. Gilbert-Kahl’s classes Capitalist Upper Middle Class Middle Class Working Class Working Poor Underclass 18/10/2010 YOUTHWORK 251 - Recreation and Youth 10

11. Definitions Health “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” World Health Organisation, 2010 18/10/2010 YOUTHWORK 251 - Recreation and Youth 11

12. Definitions Health In NZ, it is important to consider the Māori concept of health which has various dimensions Wairua (spiritual) Hinengāro (mental) Whānau (family) Tinana (physical). Māori define health broadly, and recognise the importance of the environment. Department of Health, 1984 as cited by Barwick , 1992 18/10/2010 YOUTHWORK 251 - Recreation and Youth 12

14. Absence of disease/health despite disease

15. Reserve

16. A behaviour/’healthy life’

17. Physical fitness

18. Energy/vitality

19. Function

20. Psycho-social well being

21. Social relationship18/10/2010 YOUTHWORK 251 - Recreation and Youth 13

22. Physical Activity 18/10/2010 YOUTHWORK 251 - Recreation and Youth 14

23. Health – It`s YOUR choice Youth made video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQXj4Pj1M6A 18/10/2010 YOUTHWORK 251 - Recreation and Youth 15

24. References Barwick, H. (1992). The impact of economic and social factors on health. Wellington: The Public Health Association of New Zealand. Blaxter, M. (2001) What is health? (pp. 21-27) In Davey, B., Gray, A. and Seale, C. (Eds) Health and disease: A reader. 3rd Edition. Buckingham: Open University Press. Leger N. 2005. Pacific Youth Health Project Report. Unpublished report commissioned by the Clinical Resource Research Centre, Waitemata District Health Board. Ministry of Health. (2008). Pacific Youth Health: A paper for the Pacific Health and Disability Action Plan Review. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Ministry of Youth Affairs. (2002). Youth Development Strategy Aotearoa. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Youth Affairs Socioeconomic status. (2010, September 27). Retrieved September 15, 2010, from Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socioeconomic_status The University of Auckland. (2010, June). A National Survey of Children and Young People's Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviours in New Zealand: 2008/09 - Key Findings. Retrieved September 15, 2010, from New Zealand Ministry of Health: http://www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/indexmh/national-survey-cyp-physical-activity-dietary-behaviours-08-09-sept2010 World Health Organisation. (2010). Definitions. Retrieved September 15, 2010, from World Health Organisation: http://www.who.int/hac/about/definitions/en/ 18/10/2010 YOUTHWORK 251 - Recreation and Youth 16