1. AVIATION
ASSINGMENT

2. contents
-HISTORY OF AVIATION.
-CURRENT SCENARIO.
-MEDICAL EMERGENCY.
-ROLEPLAY
-INFLIGHT SERVICE
-INFORMATION AND DOCUMENTS
-DESCRIBE EQUIPMENTS
-DUMMY EQUIPMENTS PREPARED
-DESCRIBE BOEING 747 & AIRBUS (A300)
-air crash
-bibliography
-acknowledgement

3. NAME:- MADHAVI PANDEY
BATCH:- P4
ASSESSOR:- SEJAL

4. acknowledgement
I take this opportunity to thank the Aviation Faculty Ms. Sejal,
my Colleages and my Parents for helping me out for
completing the Aviation Project.
A heart full thanks to everyone for giving all the assistance in
my work.

6. HISTORY OF AVIATION

7. THE MAN WANTED TO FLY LIKE A BIRD IN
THE SKY

8. MR. JRD TATA
(1904-1993)
In 1932, at Mr. Tata’s initiative, the Airlines
Division of Tata Sons was started. Mr. Tata
flew solo from England to India, which gave
a lot of promotion to the Civil Aviation
sector. Finally, on 15th Oct 1932, a light
single engined Puss Moth VT –AND took of
from Karachi on its flight to Mumbai via
Ahmedabad. This service was called the
‘TATA AIRLINES’ Mr. Tata remained
chairman till 1978. Mr. JRD Tata is thus
known as the ‘Father of Indian Civil
Aviation’.

10. AIR INDIA INTERNATIONAL WAS SET UP IN 1948 AS THE COUNTRY’S
FIRST JOINT SECTOR BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT AND THE
PRIVATE SECTOR TO START AN OVER SEAS SERVICE. FIVE YEARS
LATER, INDIAN GOVERNMENT DECIDED TO NATIONALIZE THE
AVIATION BUSINESS
.
THE PROPOSED ROUTE SHOWN IN THE ABOVE MAP WAS FROM
CROYDON TO KARACHI (PRE-PARTITION).

12. AVIATION BY ITS VERY NATURE
CONSTITUTES THE ELITIST PART OF OUR
COUNTRY'S INFRASTRUCTURE. THIS
SECTOR HAS SUBSTANTIAL
CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS THE
DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTRY'S TRADE AND
TOURISM, PROVIDING EASIER ACCESS TO
THE AREAS FULL OF NATURAL BEAUTY.
IT THEREFORE ACTS AS A STIMULUS FOR
COUNTRY'S GROWTH AND ECONOMIC
PROSPERITY.

13. CURRENT SCENARIO WITH LATEST
CURRENT AFFAIRS IN AVIATION
INDUSTRY

14.  THE INDIAN AVIATION INDUSTRY IS ONE OF THE
FASTEST GROWING SECTOR IN THE AVIATION
WORLD.
THE GOVERNMENT OWNED AIRPORTS AUTHORITY
OF INDIA (AAI) OPERATES 125 AIRPORTS AND CIVIL
ENCLAVES OUT OF A TOTAL OF 449 AIRPORTS AND
AIRSTRIPS LOCATED THROUGHOUT INDIA.
PRIVATE AIRLINES ACCOUNT FOR AROUND 75%
SHARE OF THE DOMESTIC AVIATION MARKET
ALL OPERATIONAL AIRPORTS HANDLED A TOTAL
OF 143.3 MILLION PASSENGERS (105.5 M DOMESTIC
AND 37.9 M INTERNATIONAL) IN THE YEAR ENDED
MARCH 2011.
THE MODERNIZATION COSTS FOR THE TWO
AIRPORTS HAS BEEN ESTIMATED AT RS 89 BN
(PHASE I) FOR DELHI AND RS 76 BN FOR MUMBAI. A
GREENFIELD AIRPORT LOCATED IN NAVI MUMBAI IS
BEING PLANNED FOR MUMBAI AS THE SCOPE TO
EXPAND THE CURRENT AIRPORT AT SANTA CRUZ IS
LIMITED IN THE LONG RUN DUE TO ITS LOCATION
AMIDST DENSE URBAN HABITATION AND LACK OF
AVAILABLE LAND FOR EXPANSION REQUIREMENTS.

15.  INDIA'S 25 BUSIEST AIRPORTS (APR 2010 - MAR 2011) - UPDATE UNDERWAY!
AIRPORT IATA CODE PASSENGERS
(IN MILLIONS) AIRCRAFT MOVEMENTS AIRCRAFT MOVEMENTS/DAY CARGO IN TONS ('000)
1. DELHI DEL 29.94 600
2. MUMBAI BOM 29.07 670
3. CHENNAI MAA 12.05 389
4. BENGALURU BLR 11.59 223
5. KOLKATA CCU 9.63 130
6. HYDERABAD HYD 7.60 78
7. KOCHI (CIAL) COK 4.34 41
8. AHMEDABAD AMD 4.04 28
9. GOA (DABOLIM) GOI 3.08 7
10. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM TRV 2.53 39
11. PUNE PNQ 2.81 28
12. KOZHIKODE CCJ 2.06 22
13. GUWAHATI GAU 1.93 9
14. JAIPUR JAI 1.66 9
15. COIMBATORE CJB 1.24 7
16. LUCKNOW LKO 1.58 4
17. NAGPUR NAG 1.24 9
18. BHUBANESWAR BBI 1.04 3
19. SRINAGAR SXR 1.04 2
20. INDORE IDR 0.88 5
21. MANGALORE IXE 0.85 <1
22. PATNA PAT 0.84 3
23. AMRITSAR ATQ 0.77 6
24. TIRUCHIRAPALLI TRZ 0.76 2
25. AGARTALA IXA 0.75 7

16. Market size
 Domestic and international traffic is
up 45 percent and 15.1 percent
,respectively .
 Between May 2008 and 2009
,airlines have carried 25.5 million
domestic and 22.4 million
international passengers .
 Over 135 aircrafts has been added in
the past two years alone.
 Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation
(CAPA) estimates domestic traffic to
grow 25-30 percent annually and
international traffic 15 percent until
2010 .

17. AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
Airport Infrastructure Of the 454 airports and airstrips in
India,16 are designated international airports.
Currently 97 airports are owned and operated by the Airports
Authority of India (AAI).
India's Civil Aviation Ministry aims at 500 operational airports
in the next 12 years, as per a report by Centre for Asia Pacific
Aviation (CAPA)
The government aims to attract private investment in aviation
infrastructure
Mumbai and Delhi airports have already been privatized and
are being upgraded at an estimated investment of US$ 4
billion over 2006-16.

19. MAJOR AIRPORTS OF INDIA DATA (UNDER CONSTRUCTION)
MUMBAI - CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI INTERNATIONAL
IATA/ICAO CODE: BOM/VABB
ELEVATION: 11 M
RUNWAYS (INTERSECTING): HEADING 27-09 ASPHALT 3 489 X 45 M (11 446 FT) ILS CAT-I
HEADING 14/32, 2 925 X 45 M (9 596 FT.), ILS CAT I, ASPHALT
TERMINALS: TERMINAL 1A, 1B, 1C, T2 SECTIONS B AND C (A DEMOLISHED), NEW
TERMINAL UNDER CONSTRUCTION
AIRCRAFT STANDS: 90
AEROBRIDGES (INTL/DOM): 11/11
OPERATORS (TYPE OF AIRCRAFT): AIR ARABIA (320), AIR FRANCE (B777), AIR INDIA/AIR
INDIA EXPRESS (A310, B747, B737, B777, B767), AIR MAURITIUS (767), ANA (B737), BRITISH AW
(B747/B777), CATHAY PACIFIC (777), EGYPT AIR (A330), EL AL (767), EMIRATES (A330), ETHIOPIAN
(757), ETIHAD (A340), GULF AIR (B767, A320), INDIAN (A320), INDIGO (A320), IRAN AIR (747SP),
JAZEERA AW (A320), JET AW (A330, B777, B737, ATR), KENYA AW (B767), KINGFISHER (A320),
KOREAN (A330), KUWAIT (A300), LUFTHANSA (B744), MALAYSIA (B777), NORTHWEST (A330), OMAN
AIR (B737), PAKISTAN INT'L (B747), QATAR (A320), ROYAL JORDANIAN (A320), SAUDI ARABIAN
(B747), SINGAPORE (B777), SOUTH AFRICAN (A340), SRILANKAN (A320), SWISS (A330), THAI
(A330), TURKISH (A310), YEMENIA (A330)
DIRECT ROUTES (INTERNATIONAL): ABU DHABI, ADDIS ABABA, AMMAN, AMSTERDAM,
BAHRAIN, BANGKOK, BRUSSELS, CAIRO, COLOMBO, DAMMAN, DARWIN, DETROIT, DOHA, DUBAI,
FRANKFURT, HONG KONG, ISTANBUL, JEDDAH, JOHANNESBURG, KARACHI, K UALA LUMPUR,
KUWAIT, LONDON, LOS ANGELES, MADINAH, MAURITIUS, MUSCAT, NAIROBI, NEWARK, NEW YORK
CITY, PARIS, RIYADH, SANA'A, SEOUL, SHARJAH, SINGAPORE, SYDNEY, TAIPEI, TEHRAN, TEL AVIV,
TOKYO AND ZURICH
DIRECT ROUTES (DOMESTIC): UC

20. A BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF THE DOMESTIC TERMINAL
COMPLEX AT MUMBAI'S CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. FROM A HEIGHT OF 930 M

21. DELHI - INDIRA GANDHI INTERNATIONAL
IATA/ICAO CODE: DEL/VIDP
ELEVATION: 237 M
RUNWAYS (PARALLEL): 10/28, 3 810 X 46 M (12 500 FT.), RWY 28 ILS CAT-IIIB, RWY 10 ILS CAT-I, ASPHALT
09/27, 2 813 X 46 M (9 229 FT.), RWY 27 ILS CAT-I, ASPHALT
11/29, 4 430 X 60 M, ILS CAT-IIIB, ASPHALT
TERMINALS: TERMINAL 1D, T2 (INOPERATIVE): 71 000 M², 3 (DOM AND INT'L): 480,000 M²
TERMINAL 3: ALL AIRLINES EXCL. SPICE JET, INDIGO AND GO AIR
TERMINAL 1D: SPICE JET, INDIGO, GO AIR
AIRCRAFT STANDS: 69 (EXCL. T3 STANDS)
AEROBRIDGES (INTL/DOM): T2: 9, T3: 48 CONTACT STANDS/78 AEROBRIDGES
OPERATORS (TYPE OF AIRCRAFT): AEROFLOT(IL9), AEROSVIT, AIR ASTANA (B757), AIR CHINA (B767), AIR
FRANCE (B747), AIR INDIA (B747, B777, A310, A320, CRJ), AIR INDIA EXPRESS (B737), AIR MAURITIUS,
JETLITE (CRJ,B737), AMERICAN, ARIANA, ASIANA (B777), AUSTRIAN (B767), BRITISH AW (B747/B777), CATHAY
PACIFIC (A330), CHINA AL, CHINA EASTERN, CHINA SOUTHERN, CONTINENTAL (B777), DRUK AIR (A319),
EMIRATES (B777), ETIHAD, ETHIOPIAN (B767), FINNAIR (A330), GMG (MD82), GULF AIR (A320, B767), INDIGO
(A320), JAL, JAZEERA AW, JET AW (B777, B737, ATR, A330), KAM AIR, KINGFISHER (A320,A321, ATR), KLM
(B777), KUWAIT AW (A300), LUFTHANSA (A330, B744), MAHAN AIR (A320), MALAYSIA (A330), OMAN AIR,
PAKISTAN INTL (B737, B747), QATAR AW(A330), ROYAL JORDANIAN (A310), ROYAL NEPAL (B757), SAUDI
ARABIAN, SINGAPORE (B777), SPICE JET (B737), SRILANKAN (A320), SWISS, TAJIKISTAN, THAI AW, TURKISH,
TURKMENISTAN (B737), UZBEKISTAN, VIRGIN ATLANTIC (A340)
DIRECT ROUTES (INTERNATIONAL): ABU DHABI, ADDIS ABABA, ALMATY, AMMAN, AMSTERDAM, ASHGABAT,
BAHRAIN, BANDAR ABBAS, BANGKOK, BEIJING, BISHKEK, BRUSSELS, CHIC AGO, COLOMBO, DAMASCUS,
DAMMAN, DHAKA, DOHA, DUBAI, DUSHANBE, FRANKFURT, GUANGZHOU, HELSINKI, HONG KONG, ISTANBUL,
JEDDAH, KABUL, KARACHI, KATHMANDU, KIEV, KUALA LUMPUR, KUWAIT, L AHORE, LONDON, MADINAH,
MAURITIUS, MILAN, MUNICH, MUSCAT, MOSCOW, NEWARK, NEW YORK, PARO , PARIS, RIYADH, SEOUL,
SHANGHAI, SINGAPORE, TAIPEI, TASHKENT, TEHRAN, TOKYO, VIENNA AND ZURICH
DIRECT ROUTES (DOMESTIC):

22. A FULL BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF DELHI IGIA AIRPORT FROM A HEIGHT OF 7.3 KM. THE INTERNATIONAL
TERMINAL IS LOCATED NEAR THE BOTTOM LEFT CORNER AND THE DOMESTIC TERMINAL 1D ON THE
RIGHT-SIDE SANDWICHED BETWEEN THE TWO PARALLEL RUNWAYS (9/27 IS THE UPPER RUNWAY WHILE
10/28 IS THE LOWER ONE). NEW RAPID TAXIWAYS HAVE BEEN CONSTRUCTED TO FACILITATE SPEEDIER
GROUND MOVEMENT OF AIRCRAFT. A NEW INTEGRATED TERMINAL 3 WAS OPENED IN 2010.I IGIA AIRPORT
FROM A HEIGHT OF 7.3 KM. THE INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL IS LOCATED NEAR THE BOTTOM LEFT
CORNER AND THE DOMESTIC TERMINAL 1D ON THE RIGHT SIDE SANDWICHED BETWEEN THE TWO
PARALLEL RUNWAYS (9/27 IS THE UPPER RUNWAY WHILE 10/28 IS THE LOWER ONE). NEW RAPID
TAXIWAYS HAVE BEEN CONSTRUCTED TO FACILITATE SPEEDIER GROUND MOV EMENT OF AIRCRAFT. A
NEW INTEGRATED TERMINAL 3 WAS OPENED IN 2010 .

23. AIR TRAFFIC
 Domestic air traffic is likely to be more
and touch 86.1 million passengers by
2007 ,states the market research firm
Phocis .
 According to data compiled by Airport
Authority of India (AAI) ,24.62 million
people flew on international routes to
and from India during April -January
2007-2008 .this was the growth of 16.2
percent over the same period last fiscal.
the growth of domestic air passengers
was at even at a faster rate of 26.1
percent ,with 72.60 million people
availing aircraft services .
 Simultaneously ,freight traffic on both
domestic and international increased by
healthy 8.2 percent and 12.6 percent
respectively .

26. THE INDIAN AVIATION INDUSTRY IS AMONG THE WORLD’S FASTEST GROWIN G INDUSTRIES. IT HAS
UNDERGONE HUGE TRANSFORMATION FOLLOWING THE LIBERALIZATION OF TH E AVIATION INDUSTRY IN
INDIA. ONCE OWNED BY THE GOVERNMENT, THE AVIATION SECTOR OF INDI A IS NOW PRIVATELY OWNED WITH
FULL SERVICE AIRWAYS AND AFFORDABLE CARRIERS. ALMOST 75% OF THE DOMESTIC AVIATION SECTOR
CONSISTS OF THE PRIVATE AIRLINES. EARLIER VIEWED AS A COSTLY MEA NS OF TRANSPORTATION,
AFFORDED BY FEW, AIR TRAVEL IS NOW CHEAP AND CAN BE AVAILED BY M ANY.
CONTINUED GROWTH HAS BEEN SHOWN BY THE AVIATION INDUSTRY IN INDI A, IN RECENT YEARS. IN THE
YEAR 2008, IT GREW AT A CAGR OF ABOUT 18% THAT ACCOUNTS FOR US$ 5.6. IN AUGUST 2007, 3.67 MILLION
PASSENGERS AVAILED THE SERVICES OF DOMESTIC AIRLINES, WHICH WAS ABOUT 26% MORE IN
COMPARISON TO THE PREVIOUS YEAR. IT IS ESTIMATED BY THE CENTRE F OR ASIA PACIFIC AVIATION (CAPA)
THAT THE DOMESTIC TRAFFIC WILL GROW UP BY ALMOST 25% TO 30% BY THE YEAR 2010 WHILE THE
INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IS SUPPOSED TO GO UP BY 15%. BY 2010, 100 MILLION PASSENGERS WILL AVAIL
THE AIR NETWORK SERVICE IN INDIA. IN THE YEAR 2010, AN INVESTMENT OF US$ 9 BILLION HAS BEEN
INCURRED BY THE AVIATION MINISTRY WITH THE AIM TO MODERNIZE THE EXISTING AIRPORTS.
GROWTH OF INDIAN NETWORK
IN JUNE, 2010, THE MARKET LEADER WAS THE JET AIRWAYS WITH A SHARE OF 26.5 %. NEXT IN LINE IS
KINGFISHER AIRLINES WITH 21%, AND AIR INDIA WITH 16.9%. HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT RANKS
AMONG THE TOP 5 AS PER THE ANNUAL SURVEY OF THE AIRPORT SERVICE QUALITY (ASQ) PA SSENGERS.
NEW AIRPORTS AND TERMINALS ARE BEING DEVELOPED. THE ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN WITNESSED BY THE
AVIATION SECTOR IN 2008 OWING TO FALL IN NUMBER OF PASSENGERS COUPLED WITH HIGH FUEL COS T
AND SEVERE COMPETITION FROM NUMEROUS OTHER AIRLINES, ASSUMED A G RADUAL GROWTH FROM 2009.
AT PRESENT THE GROWTH RATE OF INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC TRAVEL HAS EXCEEDED 35%, WHICH IS
THE WORLD’S HIGHEST.

27.  RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN AVIATION
SECTOR
MODERNIZATION OF THE AIRPORTS
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE MRO
SEGMENT
POLICY ON AIRPORT SECURITY
POLICY ON THE MERCHANT AIRPORTS
AUGMENTATION OF FLEET
FOREIGN EQUITY INVOLVEMENT

28. AVIATION SECTOR OUTLOOK
 Aviation Sector Outlook As per the
Investment Commission of India, the
aviation sector is likely to boom further in
the coming years, attracting huge
investment.
 Passenger traffic is projected to grow at
a compound annual growth rate (CAGR)
of over 15 per cent in the next 5 years.
 The Vision 2020 statement announced
by the Ministry of Civil Aviation,
envisages creating infrastructure to
handle 280 million passengers by 2020.
 Investment opportunities of US$ 110
billion envisaged up to 2020 with US$ 80
billion in new aircraft and US$ 30 billion
in development of airport infrastructure.

29. FUTURE OF INDIAN AVIATION
INDUSTRY
THE FUTURE AVIATION INDUSTRY IS
ESTIMATED TO GROW AT A RATE OF
25 % TILL THE YEAR 2012. ALSO,
ABOUT 100 MILLION PASSENGERS
ARE EXPECTED TO BE HANDLED BY
THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY, WHICH IS AT
PRESENT 44 MILLION PASSENGERS.
BY THE YEAR 2020, ABOUT 280
MILLION PASSENGERS ARE
EXPECTED TO BE HANDLED BY THE
MINISTRY OF CIVIL AVIATION.

30. MEDICAL
EMERGENCIES
ON BOARD

31. HOW TO COMMUNICATE ON BOARD ASKING
FOR MEDICAL HELP ?????
IN THE CASE OF MEDICAL EMERGENCY OF
FLIGHT MY ROLE IS TO DO ALL THE PRE-FLIGHT
CHECKS RELATED TO EMERGENCIES AND TO
CO-OPERATE AND CO-ORDINATE WITH THE
OTHER CREW MEMBERS TO DEAL WITH ANY
SITUATION. MY ROLE IS TO SHOW QUICKNESS
& REMAIN CALM , COMPOSED & ATTENTIVE
DURING THE FLIGHT. I HAVE TO FAMILIAR WITH
THE RULES AN REGULATIONS OF MY WHILST
WHEN I AM WORKING. I SHOULD KNOW THE
LOCATION & USE OF ALL THE EMERGENCY
EQUIPMENT'S ON BOARD.
IN AN MEDICAL EMERGENCY MY ROLE IS TO
GIVE FIRST-AID AND TAKE CARE OF THE
PATIENT DURING THE FLIGHT IF PATIENT IS
SERIOUS THEN I WILL ASK FOR ASSISTANCE ON
BOARD MEDICAL PROVIDERS (DOCTOR) AND
WILL RELEASE THE MEDICAL KIT TO THE
PROVIDER WITH APPROPRIATE CREDENTIALS.

32. First Aid Procedure for Asthma Attack
 CAUSE:
ASTHMA IS A MULTI-FACTIONAL DISEASE WHICH MAY BE TRIGGERED
BY ALLERGY, EXERCISE, COLD AIR, SMOKE OR INFECTION.
SYMPTOMS:
SEVERE SHORTNESS OF BREATH, WHEEZING, COUGHING,
DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING
VICTIM IS USUALLY ANXIOUS AND IS AFRAID HE IS SUFFOCATING.
THIS TENDS TO PROLONG THE ATTACK.
FIRST AID:
VICTIM USUALLY HAS HAD ATTACKS BEFORE AND CARRY'S HIS OWN
MEDICATION WITH HIM. ASSIST VICTIM IN TAKING HIS MEDICATION.
ADMINISTER LOW FLOW OF OXYGEN .
KEEP THE CASUALTY CLAM AND REASSURE THEM.
ASK THE PATIENT TO SIT IN A POSITION THAT THEY FIND MOST
COMFORTABLE, OFTEN LEANING FORWARD WITH ARMS RESTING ON
THE TABLE OR BACK OF THE CHAIR. DO NOT LIE THE CASUALTY
DOWN.

33. First aid procedure for air sickness
CHOOSING SEATS WITH THE SMOOTHEST RIDE IN
REGARDS TO PITCH (THE SEATS OVER THE WINGS IN AN
AIRPLANE ]
SITTING FACING FORWARD WHILE FOCUSING ON DISTANT
OBJECTS RATHER THAN TRYING TO READ OR LOOK AT
SOMETHING INSIDE THE AIRPLANE.
EATING DRY CRACKERS, OLIVES OR SUCK ON A LEMON, TO
DRY OUT THE MOUTH, LESSENING NAUSEA.
PROVIDING A CARBONATED BEVERAGE.
IN CASE OF MILD CASES OF MOTION SICKNESS AND
BEFORE GOING FOR SMALL TRIPS OVER THE
COUNTER MEDICATION CAN BE A VERY EFFECTIVE
PREVENTIVE MEASURE THEY ARE
MECLIZINE
BONNIE
ANTIVERT
DRAMAMINE
PROVIDING THE PATIENT AIR SICKNESS BAG.

34. First aid procedure for shock
DO NOT LET THE CASUALTY MOVE UNNECESSARILY,
EAT, DRINK, OR SMOKE.
DO NOT LEAVE THE CASUALTY
UNATTENDED. REASSURE THE CASUALTY
CONSTANTLY.
TREAT ANY CAUSE OF SHOCK WHICH CAN BE
REMEDIED (SUCH AS EXTERNAL BLEEDING).
LAY THE CASUALTY DOWN, KEEPING THE HEAD
LOW.
RAISE AND SUPPORT THE CASUALTY’S LEGS (BE
CAREFUL IF SUSPECTING A FRACTURE).
LOOSEN TIGHT CLOTHING, BRACES, STRAPS OR
BELTS, IN ORDER TO REDUCE CONSTRICTION AT THE
NECK, CHEST AND WAIST.
INSULATE THE CASUALTY FROM COLD, BOTH ABOVE
AND BELOW. CONTACT THE EMERGENCY SERVICE.
CHECK AND RECORD BREATHING, PULSE AND LEVEL
OF RESPONSE. BE PREPARED TO RESUSCITATE THE
CASUALTY IF NECESSARY.

35. First aid procedure for fractured patient
USE BLANKETS, PILLOWS, SPRINTS, OR SLINGS TO
IMMOBILIZE THE INJURED AREA. ELEVATE IF
POSSIBLE.
FOR ADDED SUPPORT, CAREFULLY WRAP PILLOW
AROUND FRACTURED AREA AND IMMOBILIZE
JOINTS ABOVE AND BELOW.
SECURE WITH GAUZE.
NEVER APPLY A SPLINT OR SLING TOO TIGHT ON
EITHER SIMPLE OR COMPOUND FRACTURES AS
CIRCULATION MAY BE IMPAIRED.

36. First aid procedure for stroke patient
•CHECK THE FACE BY ASKING THE VICTIM TO SMILE. IF ONE SIDE OF
HIS FACE SAGS, HE MAY BE HAVING A STROKE.
ASK THE VICTIM TO RAISE BOTH OF HIS ARMS. IF ONE ARM BEGINS
TO DROOP DOWN TO THE BODY'S SIDE, THE VICTIM MAY BE HAVING
A STROKE.
LISTEN TO THE VICTIM'S SPEECH. HE MAY BE HAVING A STROKE IF HIS
SPEECH IS SLURRED OR UNINTELLIGIBLE.
CHECK TO MAKE SURE THE VICTIM IS BREATHING; IF THEY ARE NOT,
BEGIN CPR. IF YOU DO NOT KNOW CPR, PUSH ON THE VICTIM’S
CHEST AT LEAST 100 TIMES PER MINUTE. THE VICTIM’S CHEST
SHOULD BE COMPRESSED BY AT LEAST TWO INCHES EVERY TIME YOU
PRESS DOWN.
IF THE PERSON IS VOMITING, POSITION HIM ON HIS SIDE WITH HIS
ARM UNDER HIS HEAD SO THAT HE DOESN’T CHOKE
IF THE VICTIM’S SYMPTOMS SUBSIDE AND HE APPEARS TO BE BACK
TO NORMAL, DO NOT ALLOW HIM TO RESUME ANY NORMAL
ACTIVITY. KEEP HIM COMFORTABLE IN A PRONE POSITION UNTIL
HELP ARRIVES. HE MAY HAVE HAD A TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK
(TIA), ALSO KNOWN AS A WARNING STROKE OR MINI-STROKE. A TIA
CAN BE A PRECURSOR TO A MORE SEVERE STROKE.

37. First aid procedure for epilepsy
•REMAIN CALM
STAY WITH PERSON
TIME SEIZURE
PROTECT FROM INJURY
ROLL INTO RECOVERY POSITION AFTER JERKING
STOPS OR IMMEDIATELY IF VOMITED
MAINTAIN PRIVACY AND DIGNITY
OBSERVE AND REASSURE UNTIL RECOVERED
SUPPORT HEAD AND PROTECT AIRWAY AS REQUIRED

38. ditching

39. WHAT IS DITCHING???????
A WATER LANDING IS, IN THE BROADEST SENSE, ANY LANDING ON
A BODY OF WATER IS CALLED DITCHING.
ALL WATERFOWL, THOSE SEABIRDS CAPABLE OF FLIGHT, AND SOME
HUMAN-BUILT VEHICLES ARE CAPABLE OF LANDING IN WATER AS A
MATTER OF COURSE.
THE PHRASE "WATER LANDING" IS ALSO USED AS
A EUPHEMISM FOR CRASH-LANDING INTO WATER IN AN AIRCRAFT NOT
DESIGNED FOR THE PURPOSE. THE NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY
BOARD OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT DEFINES "DITCHING" IN
ITS AVIATION ACCIDENT CODING MANUAL AS "A PLANNED EVENT IN
WHICH A FLIGHT CREW KNOWINGLY MAKES A CONTROLLED EMERGENCY
LANDING IN WATER. (EXCLUDES FLOAT PLANE LANDINGS IN NORMAL
WATER LANDING AREAS.)" SUCH WATER LANDINGS ARE EXTREMELY
RARE FOR COMMERCIAL PASSENGER AIRLINES.

40. Equipment's required during the water landing/ditching
• LIFE JACKET
AIR PUMP
SURVIVAL KIT
LOCATOR
BEACON
SEA ANCHOR
SEA MARKER

41. Ditching role play

42. ROLE PLAY-DITCHING
•I (Madhavi), Snehal, Deepak, Monica and Namrata were played the cabin crew role while ditching of an
aircraft. In keeping with the time available we decided to loose items should be secured or
removed from the flight deck - at impact, loose items may fly around causing injuries and,
after ditching, loose items may float and obstruct evacuation.
•Any available clothing items should be worn (to improve chances of survival in the water)
and a life jacket put on.
•Again, time permitting, the cabin was prepared and the passengers fully briefed. Life
jackets should be donned by all, but not inflated. A reminder to passengers not to inflate
their life jackets is extremely important.
•We Located and considered the deployment of any life rafts carried and/or the plans for
the detachment of slides, which will be used as floatation devices, to prevent their loss .
•. A call on the cabin/public address system should made, (typically at 200 ft), to warn
other crew and passengers of imminent impact with the surface and to about the "Brace"
position. Although a flight crew function, the cabin crew must be prepared to give this call
as appropriate.

43. Role Play - Equipment's

46. Role Play- Welcome Drinks On Board For Passengers
INFLIGHT DRINKS
BUSINESS CLASS PASSENGERS WERE SERVED FRUIT JUICES,
REFRESHING DRINKS, COFFEE, TEA, A RANGE OF BEERS, A WIDE
SELECTION OF INTERNATIONAL SPIRITS AND A CAREFULLY SELECTED
CHOICE OF WINES.
IN THE ECONOMY CLASS WE OFFERED FRUIT JUICES, REFRESHING
DRINKS, COFFEE AND TEA.
.WE ALSO SERVE CHIPS AND NUTS.
A SPECIAL MENU CONTAINING ELEMENTS OF ASIAN CUISINE WAS BEEN
DESIGNED FOR THE PASSENGERS. ALL THE DISHES WERE CREATED
AFTER CONSULTATION AND COOPERATION WITH CHEFS AND CREW ON
BOARDS.
DRINKS ON DOMESTIC FLIGHTS
PASSENGERS ON DOMESTIC FLIGHT WERE SERVED COFFEE AND
TEA. OCCASIONALLY, IN THE CASE OF SHORT FLIGHTS, WE SERVED
FRUIT JUICE AND WATER INSTEAD OF TEA AND COFFEE.

48. Task 3

49. Unaccompanied minor Embarkation &
disembarkation procedure and related documents
AN UNACCOMPANIED MINOR IS A PASSENGER WHO IS
BELOW THE AGE OF 18YRS & TRAVELLING ALONE. THE
SPECIAL SERVICE FOR THEM ARE:-
THEY ARE BOARDED FIRST AND DEPLANED FIRST.
HE/SHE IS HANDED OVER TO THE CABIN CREW OF THE
RESPECTIVE AREA BY THE GROUND STAFF.
THE DOCUMENTATION AND PAPERS ARE GIVEN TO THE
CABIN CREW.
EMERGENCY PROCEDURE SUCH AS FASTENING SEAT-
BELT, USAGE OF OXYGEN MASK IS TOLD UNM OR DONE BY
THE CABIN CREW.
THEY ARE SHOWN THE WAY TO GALLEY, LAVATORY AND
CREW SEATS.
SPECIAL CARE IS TAKEN OF THESE PASSENGERS.

50. GIVEAWAYS LIKE TOYS &BOOKS ARE GIVEN TO KEEP THE UNM OCCUPIED.
OFTEN WHEN THE UNM TRAVELLING IS AN INFANT, A STEWARDESS/ HOSTES S FLIES AS AN
‘SUPERNUMERY’ (EXTRA CREW) ON BOARD & OCCUPIES A PASSENGERS SEAT TO LOOK AFTER
THE INFANT.
VARIETY OF BABY MEALS OFFERED ON BOARD.
FORMALITIES/ DOCUMNETATION REQUIRED FOR UNM’S BEFORE
EMBARKATION:-
CHILD TRAVELING ALONE ARE CLASSIFIED AS “UNACCOMPANIED MINORS” FOR WHI CH
THE MANDATORY FORMALITIES SHOULD BE COMPLETED.
UNM’S FORM ALWAYS IN 3 COPIES WHITE, PINK AND YELLOW.
BIRTH CERTIFICATE, BIRTH RECORD, BIRTH REGISTRY DOCUMENT OR HEALTH CARE CARD
(WITH BIRTH DATE), . PHOTOCOPIES ARE REQUIRED. FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL
CHILDREN MUST MEET THE ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS AT CUSTOMS.
DOCTORS CERTIFICATE, FIT TO FLY CERTIFICATE AND INDEMNITY BOND ARE THE NECESSARY
DOCUMENTS.

51. CONCLUSION
FROM THIS TASK I LEARNED
ABOUT SPECIAL HANDLING
PASSENGERS THEIR
REQUIREMENTS AND
SPECIAL SERVICE PROVIDED
TO THEM.

52. TASK 4

53. Emergency equipment's used in
emergency
 CONTENTS:-
1.SMOKE HOOD
2.OXYGEN MASK
3.FIRE AXE
4.ASBESTOS GLOVES
5.FIRE EXTINGUISHER
6.OXYGEN BOTTLE
7. MEGA PHONE
8.ELT
9.LIFE JACKET

54. Smoke hood
 A SMOKE HOOD IS A PROTECTIVE DEVICE. A TRANSLUCENT AIRTIGHT
BAG SEALS AROUND THE HEAD OF THE WEARER WHILE AN AIR FILTER
HELD IN THE MOUTH CONNECTS TO THE OUTSIDE ATMOSPHERE AND IS
USED TO BREATHE. SMOKE HOODS ARE INTENDED TO PROTECT VICTIMS
OF FIRE FROM THE EFFECTS OF SMOKE INHALATION.
HIGH QUALITY SMOKE HOODS ARE GENERALLY CONSTRUCTED OF HEAT
RESISTANT MATERIAL LIKE KEMPTON, AND CAN WITHSTAND RELATIVELY
HIGH TEMPERATURES. THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF A SMOKE HOOD IS
THE FILTER THAT PROVIDES PROTECTION FROM THE TOXIC
BYPRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION. VIRTUALLY ALL SMOKE HOOD DESIGNS
UTILIZE SOME FORM OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL FILTER
AND PARTICULATE FILTER TO SCREEN OUT CORROSIVE FUMES
LIKE AMMONIA AND CHLORINE, AS WELL AS ACID GASES LIKE HYDROGEN
CHLORIDE AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE. THE DEFINING CHARACTERISTIC OF
AN EFFECTIVE SMOKE HOOD IS THE ABILITY TO CONVERT
DEADLY CARBON MONOXIDE TO RELATIVELY HARMLESS CARBON
DIOXIDE THROUGH A CATALYTIC PROCESS.
SMOKE HOODS PRESENT ON AIRCRAFT, ALSO CALLED PROTECTIVE
BREATHING EQUIPMENT , TYPICALLY GENERATE OXYGEN FOR
APPROXIMATELY 30 SECONDS. THE OXYGEN IS KEPT IN A CLOSED
CIRCUIT, USUALLY THANKS TO A TIGHT NECK SEAL. A SCRUBBER SYSTEM
MAY BE PRESENT TO REDUCE THE LEVELS OF CARBON DIOXIDE, AND IS
BREATHABLE FOR AROUND 20 MINUTES. WHEN THE OXYGEN SUPPLY
ENDS, THE HOOD MUST BE REMOVED TO AVOID SUFFOCATION.
THEY ARE INCLUDED IN PREPAREDNESS KITS, AFTER THE SEPTEMBER 11
ATTACKS.

55. Oxygen mask
AN OXYGEN MASK PROVIDES A METHOD TO TRANSFER
BREATHING OXYGEN GAS FROM A STORAGE TANK TO THE LUNGS.
OXYGEN MASKS MAY COVER THE NOSE AND MOUTH (ORAL NASAL MASK)
OR THE ENTIRE FACE (FULL-FACE MASK). THEY MAY BE MADE
OF PLASTIC, SILICONE, OR RUBBER.
MOST COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT ARE FITTED WITH OXYGEN MASKS FOR
USE WHEN CABIN PRESSURIZATION FAILS. [ IN GENERAL, COMMERCIAL
AIRCRAFT ARE PRESSURIZED SO THAT THE CABIN AIR IS AT A PRESSURE
EQUIVALENT TO NO MORE THAN 8,000 FEET ALTITUDE (USUALLY
SOMEWHAT LOWER ALTITUDE), WHERE ONE CAN BREATHE NORMALLY
WITHOUT AN OXYGEN MASK. IF THE OXYGEN PRESSURE IN THE CABIN
DROPS BELOW A SAFE LEVEL, RISKING HYPOXIA, COMPARTMENTS
CONTAINING THE OXYGEN MASKS WILL OPEN AUTOMATICALLY, EITHER
ABOVE OR IN FRONT OF THE PASSENGER
AND CREW SEATS, AND IN THE LAVATORIES.
IN THE EARLY YEARS OF COMMERCIAL FLIGHT, BEFORE PRESSURIZED
CABINS WERE INVENTED, AIRLINER PASSENGERS SOMETIMES HAD TO
WEAR OXYGEN MASKS DITHERED MAIN KINDS OF OXYGEN MASKS ARE
USED BY PILOTS AND CREWS WHO FLY AT HIGH ALTITUDES: CONTINUOUS
FLOW, DILUTER DEMAND, AND PRESSURE DEMAND. RING ROUTINE
FLIGHTS.
THREE MAIN KINDS OF OXYGEN MASKS ARE USED BY PILOTS AND CREWS
WHO FLY AT HIGH ALTITUDES: CONTINUOUS FLOW, DILUTER DEMAND,
AND PRESSURE DEMAND.

56. Fire axe
FIRE AXES ARE PROVIDED TO OBTAIN EMERGENCY
ACCESS TO AREAS AND PARTS OF THE AIRPLANE
WHICH ARE NOT EASILY ACCESSIBLE (E.G. BEHIND
SIDEWALL, ELECTRICAL OR CEILING PANELS). THE
HANDLE IS INSULATED TO PROTECT AGAINST
ELECTRIC SHOCK.
IN THE PAST, FIRE AXES MIGHT BE FOUND IN THE
FLIGHT DECK AND IN THE PASSENGER CABIN BUT
ON MOST CARRIERS, IN COMPLIANCE WITH ANTI-
TERRORISM REGULATIONS AND PROCEDURES,
AXES ARE NO LONGER CARRIED IN THE
PASSENGER/CARGO COMPARTMENT.
FIRE AXE – IT HAS A PICK-SHAPED POINTED POLL
(AREA OF THE HEAD OPPOSITE THE CUTTING
EDGE). IT IS OFTEN DECORATED IN VIVID COLORS
TO MAKE IT EASILY VISIBLE DURING AN
EMERGENCY. ITS PRIMARY USE IS FOR BREAKING
DOWN DOORS AND WINDOWS.

57. Asbestos gloves
ASBESTOS GLOVE, IS
AN INSULATED GLOVE OR MITTEN
USUALLY WORN TO PROTECT THE
WEARER'S HAND FROM HOT OBJECTS
SUCH AS OVENS,
STOVES, COOKWARE, FIRE ETC.
FABRIC GLOVES CONSIST OF HEAT
INSULATION
SURROUNDED BY COTTON FABRIC,
USUALLY CONSISTING OF
DECORATIVE PATTERNS. NEWER
OVEN GLOVES ARE OFTEN TREATED
WITH SILICONE, WHICH MAKES THEM
RESISTANT TO WATER AND STAINS,
OR MADE OF STRONGER SYNTHETIC
MATERIALS SUCH
AS KEVLAR OR NOMEX.

58. Fire extinguisher
A FIRE EXTINGUISHER OR EXTINGUISHER,
FLAME EXTINGUISHER IS AN ACTIVE FIRE
PROTECTION DEVICE USED TO
EXTINGUISH OR CONTROL SMALL FIRES,
OFTEN IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS. IT IS
NOT INTENDED FOR USE ON AN OUT-OF-
CONTROL FIRE, SUCH AS ONE WHICH HAS
REACHED THE CEILING, ENDANGERS THE
USER (I.E., NO ESCAPE ROUTE, SMOKE,
EXPLOSION HAZARD, ETC.), OR
OTHERWISE REQUIRES THE EXPERTISE
OF A FIRE DEPARTMENT. TYPICALLY, A
FIRE EXTINGUISHER CONSISTS OF A
HAND-HELD CYLINDRICAL PRESSURE
VESSEL CONTAINING AN AGENT WHICH
CAN BE DISCHARGED TO EXTINGUISH
A FIRE.

59. Oxygen bottle
OXYGEN BOTTLE IS A TERM USED FOR SUBSTANCES
WHICH ARE GASEOUS AT STANDARD TEMPERATURE
AND PRESSURE (STP) AND HAVE BEEN
COMPRESSED AND STORED IN CARBON
STEEL, STAINLESS STEEL, ALUMINUM, OR
COMPOSITE BOTTLES KNOWN AS OXYGEN BOTTLE.
OXYGEN TANKS ARE USED TO STORE GAS FOR:
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES INCLUDING THE MANUFACTURE
OF STEEL AND MONEL.
OXYACETYLENE WELDING EQUIPMENT AND SOME
GAS CUTTING TORCHES
USE AS THE LIQUID ROCKET PROPELLANTS FOR ROCKET
ENGINES
MEDICAL BREATHING GAS AT MEDICAL FACILITIES AND AT
HOME
BREATHING AT ALTITUDE IN AVIATION, EITHER IN
AN UNCONTROLLED DECOMPRESSION EMERGENCY, OR
CONSTANTLY (IN THE CASE OF UNPRESSURIZED AIRCRAFT)
OXYGEN FIRST AID KITS
GAS BLENDING FOR CREATING DIVING BREATHING MIXES
SUCH AS NITROX, TRIMIX AND HELIOX
OPEN-CIRCUIT SCUBA SETS - MAINLY USED FOR
ACCELERATED DECOMPRESSION IN TECHNICAL DIVING
SOME TYPES OF DIVING REBREATHER: OXYGEN
REBREATHERS AND FULLY CLOSED CIRCUIT REBREATHERS
BREATHING OXYGEN IS DELIVERED FROM THE STORAGE
TANK TO THE USERS BY USE OF THE FOLLOWING
METHODS: OXYGEN MASK, NASAL CANNULA, FULL FACE
DIVING MASK, OXYGEN TENT, AND HYPERBARIE
OXYGEN CHAMBER .

60. megaphone
MEGAPHONE, IS A PORTABLE, USUALLY
HAND-HELD, CONE-SHAPED HORN USED
TO AMPLIFY A PERSON’S VOICE OR
OTHER SOUNDS TOWARDS A TARGETED
DIRECTION. THIS IS ACCOMPLISHED BY
CHANNELING THE SOUND THROUGH THE
MEGAPHONE, WHICH ALSO SERVES TO
MATCH THE ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE OF
THE VOICE CORDS TO THE AIR. THE
NATURAL HUMAN VOICE TENDS TO
SPREAD EVENLY IN ALL DIRECTIONS,
WHEREAS WHEN IT IS SENT THROUGH A
MEGAPHONE, THE SOUND IS
CONCENTRATED IN A GIVEN DIRECTION
AND THE COUPLING OF ITS ENERGY TO
THE AIR OPTIMIZED, [WHILE IF A LISTENER
IS TO THE SIDE, IT IS MORE DIFFICULT
TO HEAR WHAT IS BEING SAID.SASAIDID .

61. Emergency locator transmitor
(ELT)
EMERGENCY LOCATOR
TRANSMITTER (ELT) IS A
COMPACT, SELF CONTAINED
RADIO TRANSMITTER
CARRIED ON BOARD AIRPLANES
TO FACILITATE ACCURATE
LOCATION AND TIMELY RESCUE
OPERATION IN EVENT OF ANY
DISTRESS SITUATION.

62. Life jacket
LIFEJACKETS OR LIFE VESTS ARE
MANDATORY ON AIRPLANES TRAVELLING
OVER WATER (IN WHICH CASE THEY
CONSIST OF A PAIR OF AIR CELLS
(BLADDERS) THAT CAN BE INFLATED BY
TRIGGERING THE RELEASE OF CARBON
DIOXIDE GAS FROM A CANISTER—ONE
CANISTER FOR EACH SEPARATE CELL. OR
THE CELLS CAN BE INFLATED "ORALLY"
THAT IS BY BLOWING INTO A FLEXIBLE
TUBE WITH A ONE-WAY VALVE TO SEAL
THE AIR IN THE CELL). LIFEJACKETS MUST
ALSO BE SUPPLIED ON COMMERCIAL
SEAFARING VESSELS, ACCESSIBLE TO ALL
CREW AND PASSENGERS AND TO BE
DONNED IN AN EMERGENCY.

64. DUMMY SAFETY EQUIPMENT'S
Oxygen
bottle

65. FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Contains HALON
It is a device used to contain and
overcome fire
Halon are bright red in color .
Halon is a chemical that envelopes
fire ,cutting of the air supply and
further absorbing the oxygen
surrounding the fire.
Halon is used for electrical and
general fires.

66. Oxygen mask with first - aid kit
 Oxygen mask with first – aid kit
 Canisters of pure oxygen placed
in the cabin for first aid and
smoke fighting purposes .
 Kit is used in minor cases of
injury or an emergency .
 Contain general items for
treatments and can be
administered by the crew .

67. MEGAPHONE
 Megaphone :
 Hand held
loudspeakers used
by crew to enable
them to direct
emergency
evacuation
procedures by
being heard over
various sounds
associated with the
emergency .

68. Life vests
 Life vests :
 Automatically inflatable
vests found under
every seat on board to
help in floating during
ditching .
 Children's life vests is
also present in smaller
size .

69. Radio beacon
 Radio beacon :
 A radio device on board to
give out emergency
signals on particular
frequencies in case of an
emergency with no contact
with outside world .
 Found in the bins as well
as in the slide / rafts.

70. Task 6

71. Describe airbus 380 and
Boeing 747
airbus a- 380
Engines: Four Rolls-Royce Trent 900
turbofans or four General Electric/Pratt
& Whitney GP-7200 turbofans
Typical cruising speed: Mach 0.85
(850 km/h)
Range: 14,800 km (8,000 nm)
Max takeoff weight: 560,000 kg
(1,234,600 lb)
Wingspan: 79.8m (261 ft 10 in)
Length: 72.75m (238 ft 8 in)
Passenger seating: 555 passengers
on two decks in a three-class
arrangement, and up to 800
passengers in a one-class
arrangement
Cost: About $250 million US

72. Boeing 747
Boeing 747
Engines: Four GEnx-2B67
turbofans
Typical cruising speed: Mach
0.855 (855 km/h)
Range: 14,815 km (8,000 nm)
Max takeoff weight: 435,456 kg
(960,000 lb)
Wingspan: 68.5 m (224 ft 9 in)
Length: 74.2 m (243 ft 6 in)
Passenger seating: 450
passengers in a typical three-
class configuration
Cost: About $205 million to
$240 million US

73. BOEING747 – AIRBUS 380
 The 747 has the advantage over the A380 in cruise speed and
range, but also very slightly. The 747 is also a lot smaller. Many
airports are widening their taxiways and hangars to fit the A380. The
747 is basically the same size as the 747-400, except it has increased
performance.
 However, the A380 can seat many more passengers than the 747 - the
most of any commercial airliner ever created. The running costs are
also expected to be lower than those of the 747, which may make
airline ticket prices lower. Add to that the brand-new features that make
the A380 seem like less of a cramped, commercial airliner and more
like a luxurious cruise ship - lounges, bars, gymnasiums, duty-free
stores and even a salon. The seats are also more spread-out, even for
economy class.
 The 747 price is also considerably lower than the A380's - but for the
extra $10 million or so airliners will be able to get a lot more, and their
passengers will have a much more comfortable flight.
 Add to that the A380 has about 100 more seats than the 747.
Overall, passengers will prefer to fly on the A380 more than they will
prefer to fly on the 747, even if it means spending a little longer in the
aircraft.

74. Case study-actual mishap of an
air crash
NEW DELHI: THE COUNTRY WOKE UP SATURDAY MORNING TO ONE OF THE DEADLIEST AI R TRAGEDIES IN
MANGALORE. AIR INDIA EXPRESS FLIGHT 812 FROM DUBAI TO MANGALORE, CARRYING 166 PASSENGERS, GOT
COMPLETELY BURNT, KILLING 158 PEOPLE AND EIGHT MIRACULOUS SURVIVORS.
TIMELINE OF THE MISHAP
AT 2AM ON THE 22ND OF MAY THE ILL-FATED AIR INDIA EXPRESS FLIGHT 812 TOOK OFF FROM DUBAI
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. CAPTAIN GLUSICA, A SERBIAN EXPAT, WAS IN CHARGE.
IT'S A FOUR-AND-A-HALF HOUR LONG FLIGHT TO MANGALORE. THE FLIGHT WAS SCHEDULED TO TOUCH DOWN
AT ABOUT 6.30 IN THE MORNING.
THERE WERE 166 PASSENGERS ON BOARD -- 137 ADULTS, 19 CHILDREN, FOUR INFANTS AND SIX CREW
MEMBERS. MOST OF THEM WERE FROM KERALA, HEADING BACK FROM THE GU LF, EACH WITH A DATE TO KEEP
WITH THEIR LOVED ONES.
AS THE NARROW-BODIED BOEING 737-800 APPROACHED THE TABLE-TOP RUNWAY AT MANGALORE, THE WINDS
WERE CALM, IT'S A BIT CLOUDY. BUT VISIBILITY WAS CLEAR UP TO SIX KILOMETER'S.
CAPTAIN GLUSICA AND HIS CO-PILOT CAPTAIN SS AHLUWALIA WERE CLEARED BY MANGALORE AIRPORT TO
APPROACH FOR LANDING. ABOUT 10 MILES SHORT OF THE RUNWAY, THE PLANE SWITCHED OVER TO THE
INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM.
WHAT HAPPENED NEXT IS A MYSTERY AT THE MOMENT. THE AIRCRAFT HIT THE TARMAC ABOUT 2000 FEET
BEYOND ITS TOUCHDOWN POINT. THAT PROVED FATAL FOR THE AIRCRAFT A S IT SIMPLY DID NOT HAVE
ENOUGH RUNWAY LEFT TO BREAK ITS SPEED.
THE PLANE HIT A FENCE, BROKE THROUGH THE AIRPORT BOUNDARY WALL A ND FELL INTO THE GORGE
BEYOND, BREAKING INTO TWO AND CATCHING FIRE ON IMPACT.
OF THE 166 PEOPLE ON BOARD, 158 PERISHED BUT THERE IS A MIRACULOUS ESCAPE FOR EIGHT
PASSENGERS.
REPORTS SUGGEST THAT THE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL RECEIVED NO DISTRES S SIGNAL IN THE MOMENTS
BEFORE LANDING. SO THE REASON FOR ONE OF THE COUNTRY'S WORST AVI ATION DISASTERS IS STILL A
MYSTERY.

78. ACKNOWLEGEMENT
Any attempt any level cannot be
satisfactorily completed without the
support and guidance of the learned
people. I would like to immense
gratitude to SEJAL for her constant
support and motivation that has
encouraged me to come up with the
assignment .I am also thankful to all
other members of frankfinn and my
batch mates who have rendered their
whole support to all time for the
successful completion of the assignment