By Adi Lagur Off-grid electrification for development of small islands represents a number of unique challenges under the broad category of rural electrification. Small, off-grid island communities are particularly vulnerable to diesel price fluctuations and natural disasters, and thus, enhancing resilience through more sustainable and cheaper energy technologies should be a key priority. Financing the transition to these technologies – usually photovoltaic, micro-hydro or sometimes wind – is an essential hurdle to overcome. Once electricity systems are in place it is equally important that they are sustained in the longer term with effective arrangements for operation and maintenance, cost recovery etc. Related to this, is the productive use of the energy provided to increase islander incomes. The workshop on Bunaken Island, Sulawesi, Indonesia from 3 to 5 November 2015, organised by the Smart Villages Initiative in collaboration with Kopernik, will explore these issues and develop recommendations for policy makers, development agencies and other stakeholders in energy provision to island communities. More info: http://e4sv.org/events/off-grid-islands-electricity-workshop/

1. Sumba Iconic Island
100% renewable energy
An initiative of the 2010 Indonesia-Netherlands Joint Working Group on Energy
Adi Lagur, Field Coordinator (Sumba Iconic Island)
Smart Villages Island Electricity Workshop – E4SV - Bunaken, 3 – 5 Nov 2015

2. Our approach:
• Holistic, long-term energy development
• Combined energy access and
development
• Inclusive, bottom-up planning
• All technologies, all financial models
• Multi-stakeholder
• Inspirational goals
• Joint vision and ambition, not a fixed plan
“100% renewable energy is possible”
A groundbreaking,
globally replicable
initiative to provide
energy to people and
businesses.

3. Why Sumba?
• Remote island, high costs for fossil fuels
• Low density population of 660,000
• High poverty rate: average incomes are ¼ of national average
• Low access to electricity: 24.5%
• 10 MW peak load for grid, diesel
• 36.000 households off grid
• Wide variety of potential renewable energy sources: wind,
solar, hydro, biogas and biomass
• Support by provincial, local government and PLN
• Transport links to Jakarta via Bali or Kupang

4. Government the private sector
local civil society
multilaterals
INGOs international donors

5. Progress with
stakeholder engagement
• MoUs with MEMR and
regional and local
stakeholders
• Research and feasibility
studies
• Demonstration projects
• Regular stakeholder and
working group meetings
to coordinate policies and
activities
• Creation of formal task
force structure and road
map under MEMR Decree
Roadmap
workstreams
1.Wind power plant – grid
2.Wind power plant – off-grid
3.Biofuels – existing feeds
4.Household systems – off-grid
5.Communal hydro – off-grid
6.Communal PV – off-grid
7.Grid extension & integration
8.Small-scale hydropower
9.Household biogas
10.Improved cooking stoves
11.Biofuels – new feedstocks
12.Biofuels – ethanol
13.Biomass – boiler-turbine
14.Biomass gasification
15.Biogas waste streams
16.Technical assistance

6. • By August 2014
• Electrification ratio :
~40%
• Renewable
contribution at
energy mix : 10%
(4.87 MW)
Current Achievement

7. Renewable Energy Potential
1. RoR Hydropower
Potential for RoR Hydropower : 7.1
Megawatt
Installed: 12 unit Microhydro/ 3.421 Kilowatt
2. Storage Pump Hydropower
Potential : 8.5 MW
Installed : 0 unit
3. Solar Power
Potential: 10 Megawatt
Installed (since 2012):
- 39 unit (in community mini-grid)/9,119
Kilowatt Peak
- 14,829 unit (panel) /439 Kilowatt Peak
- 3 unit Solar powered water pump/6,6
Kilowatt
4. Windpower
Potential: 10 Megawatt
Installed: 100 unit/50 Kilowatt
5. Biomass
Potential: 10 Megawatt
Installed: 1 unit/ 30 Kilowatt started
in 2013.
6. Biogas
Potential: 8,962,870 m2
Installed: 1173 unit/ 7946 m3 (since
2009)
* Based on research data by Hivos, ADB and M&E
rapid assessment report 2011-2014

8. On-grid activities
• Electrification ratio increased from 24% to ~40% in 4 years
• PLN, independent producers: Increased hydro capacity
• BPPT: 500kW centralized solar PV system in West Sumba
• Sewatama, Hivos, Danida: 850kW wind turbine (in preparation)
• MEMR: 1MW biomass plant and 1 MW wind (in preparation 2015-
2016)
• PLN: Grid extensions and improvements
• Feasibility studies for pumped water storage options by AFD/CR

9. Isolated grids
Village grid
shop
MHP
Virtual grid extension
by battery driven lighting
wiring range walking distance range
4 - 6 km1.5 km
virtual grid extension by battery driven lighting
• Only 154 of 352 villages in
Sumba are electrified
• Community-based solutions
• Micro-hydros
• Revitalization of broken mini-
grid
• Extension of grid connection

10. Off grid
• PLN’s solar home systems
(SEHEN): good penetration, but
need to ensure sustainability
• ‘Energy kiosks’ providing sales
and extension services
• Domestic biogas from
Hivos/SNV for clean cooking
and high quality, affordable
fertilizer
• Solar PV irrigation pumps for
farmers’ groups

11. Economic development
• Increased yields from irrigation and organic fertilizers
• Improved options for post-harvest processing and handling
• Sector development in biogas
• Power in communities for productive use and micro-
enterprises
• Improved grid reliability provides new commercial
opportunities

12. Case Study – Corn Shelling

13. Case Study – Flour Grinding

14. Case Study – Rice Hulling

15. Key factors – ways to move forward
• Acceleration to reach new 2020 target
• Changes and improvements to existing policies to attract
investment
• Roadmap revision against new target
• Removing barriers for action
• Not just energy for electricity production, but energy access
• Addressing people’s energy needs beyond lighting
• Replicable concept aligned with stakeholder interests in other
islands

16. Thank you