regarding oral health care

1. GOOD MORNING
Oral Health =Over All Health

2. MECHANICAL PLAQUE CONTROL

3. Contents
• Introduction
• Plaque Control
Mechanical plaque control
(a) Toothbrush
History
Manual tooth brushes
Techniques of tooth brushes
Electric toothbrushes
(b) Dentifrice
(c) Interdental cleaning aids
Dental floss
Interdental brushes
(d) Oral irrigation

4. Introduction
 There is a shift in paradigm towards two of the most
prevalent diseases in dentistry
Dental caries Periodontitis

5. Due to this preventive philosophy , the dentistry for children now focuses to a
very large extent on inculcating sound practices In each child patient for a
healthy dentition to last for a life
Preventive dentistry is now the sound foundation for all the dentistry
In order to achieve this goal the home oral hygiene and plaque control
Became the most important aspects of patient and parent education

6. NATURAL PHYSIOLOGICAL FORCES

7. • All these defenses may best be classified as
SUPERFICIAL ACTION in controlling or mediating plaque
buildup.
• But this is not sufficient for complete removal of plaque

8. WHY PLAQUE REMOVAL IS
ESSENTIAL????
The cause and effect relationship between supragingival plaque and gingivitis
was demonstrated by Loe and his colleagues in 1965.
When plaque was allowed to accumulate, gingivitis developed within 21
days. When plaque control was initiated, the gingivitis was reversed (by
means of efficient plaque control, i.e., brushing and flossing) to clinical
gingival health

9. The removal of microbial plaque leads to cessation of gingival
inflammation, and cessation of plaque control measure leads
to recurrence of inflammation
The removal of plaque also decreased the rate of formation of
calculus. ( Sanders , 1962)
Thus eliminating the plaque is the key to prevent the
occurrence of periodontal disease or halting the progression of
the disease.

10. Masses of plaque first develop
( Lang,1973)
MOLAR &
PREMOLAR
AREAS
PROXIMAL
SURFACES OF
THE ANTERIOR
TEETH
FACIAL
SURFACES OF
THE MOLARS &
PREMOLARS

11. HOW TO IDENTIFY DENTAL PLAQUE?
Disclosing solutions
It is a preparation either in liquid , lozenges, tablet
that contains a dye or other coloring agent used to identify
bacterial plaque deposits.

12. Indications
• Patient education
Instruction to patient about plaque control
• Self assessment by patient
• Preparation of plaque indices
• Evaluation of effectiveness of plaque
• control measures

13. Formulations
SKINNER SOLUTION PREPARATION
Diluted tincture of iodine
Water 150ml.
• IODINE PREPARATION Iodine crystals
Tincture of iodine
Potassium iodide
Zinc iodidie
Water
Glycerin
• Merchurochrome preparation Mercurochrome -1.5g
Water -30ml
Oil of peppermint 3 drops
Artificial non calorigenic sweetner

14. BISMARCK BROWN Bismarck brown
Ethyl alcohol
Glycerin
Flavoring agent
ERYTHROSINE Erythrosine -0.8g
Water 100ml
Alcohol (95%) 10ml
Oil of peppermint 3 drops
Plak light system Sodium fluorescein
Glycerin in 75%

15. • Two Tone Solution
• Block and his coworkers (1975)
Thicker (older)plaque stains BLUE
Thinner (newer)plaque stains RED

16. Commercially available disclosing
agents

17. Plaque control
Definition
Plaque control is the removal of plaque and the prevention
of its accumulation on the teeth and adjacent gingival surfaces.
Plaque control also retards formation of calculus that leads to
resolution of gingival inflammation.

18. OBJECTIVE OF MECHANICAL PLAQUE CONTROL
Complete daily removal of dental plaque with a minimum of
effort, time, devices, using the simplest methods possible to
maintain
GOOD ORAL HYGIENE.

19. MODE OF PLAQUE CONTROL
PLAQUE
CONTROL
MECHANICAL
TOOTH BRUSHES
INTERDENTAL
AIDS
CHEMICAL
MOUTHWASHES
ANTIBIOTICS
ENZYMES

20. Self performed
1. Tooth brushing
2. Interdental aids
– Dental floss and tape
– Toothpicks
– Interproximal brushes
– Single-tufted brush
3. Adjunctive aids
– Dental irrigation devices
– Tongue scrapers
– Dentifrices

22. WHAT IS PURPOSE OF A TOOTH BRUSH??
 Historically the purpose of brushing was to provide massage
to increase the resistance of gingival tissue.
 Massage or friction from a hard bristled brush was believed to
Increase Keratinization which inturn , resulted in resistance to
bacterial invasion

23. History
• Mechanical cleaning of teeth can be traced back to ancient
times.
• Evidence says that oral hygiene was practiced by egyptians 5000
years ago with the help of “ chewstick”

24. • Excavations in Mesopotamia uncovered elaborate gold tooth
picks used by the Sumerians around 3000BC
First bristle tooth brush was found in
China during Tang dynasty.
1498.

25. One of the earlier tooth brushes made in England
was produced by “William Addis” about 1780.

26. • The first patent for a tooth brush was by HN wadsworth in
1857 in united states.
During 1900s , Celluloid handles gradually replaced bone
handles in tooth brushes.

27. • Natural animal bristles were also replaced by synthetic fibers,
usually Nylon Bristles in 1938 by Du Pont

28. • The first electric tooth brush was invened in switzerland by
“Dr.Philippe Guy Woog”
The first american electrical tooth brush in US called
BROXODENT was released by Squibb in 1960

29. • General electric introduced a rechargable cordless tooth
brush in 1961
1987
Interplak was first rotary action electrical tooth brush

30. Definition
kaufmann
“artificially hygienic device used in conjunction with dentifrices to brush the
teeth , consisiting usually of a handle and clusters of bristles, so arranged to
exert the most beneficial action possible without causing injury to hard
structurs or adjacent soft tissues”

31. Parts Of Tooth Brush

32. • Handle
Manufacturing Specifications
Most often a single type of plastic , or a
combination of polymers.
Preferred Characteristics
Easy To Grasp
Does not Rotate Or Slip During Usage
No Sharp Corners Or Projections

33. Properties
• Exhibit Durability
• Imperviousness To Moisture
• Pleasing Appearance
• Low Cost
• Sufficient Maneuverability

34. • Variations
A Twist, curve , offset or angle, thickened angles may assist
the patient in adaption of brush to difficult to reach areas
• A handle of larger diameter may be useful for patients with
limited dexterity,such as children, aging patients, use of
patients with certain types of disability