1. 11
NFPA 70ENFPA 70E
Electrical Safety StandardElectrical Safety Standard
- Get prepared, set the record straight, be “up front”
> Most of you will resist, few will appreciate
> Huge change (For you, burden rate, admin)
> Won’t want to hear or see
> Not trying to harass you, make uncomfortable (Hot!)
> Arc Flash, not our only safety concern
> Your safety & our compliance (Thankful & Grateful?)
5. 55
Standards InteractionStandards Interaction
From NFPA 70E Handbook, 2004 Edition, p17 (Explanatory Commentary)
“Fire, shock, and electrocution have been considered to be electrical hazards for many
years. Since the publication of NFPA 70E, 1995 edition, arc flash has been considered
to be an electrical hazard. The arc flash hazard currently is defined to consider only the
thermal aspects of an arcing fault. Other hazards include flying parts and pieces and
the pressure wave that is generated in an arcing fault. Other electrical hazards also
might be associated with an arcing fault.”
11. 1111
Regulatory RequirementRegulatory Requirement
• Per OSHA RulePer OSHA Rule andand NFPA 70E :NFPA 70E :
DO NOT WORK ON EQUIPMENT HOTDO NOT WORK ON EQUIPMENT HOT
(Maintenance or Repair)(Maintenance or Repair)
Equipment must be put in an electricallyEquipment must be put in an electrically
safe work condition prior tosafe work condition prior to
maintenance.maintenance.
12. 1212
It’s The LawIt’s The Law
But. . .But. . .
• We must test live circuits before repairs are done.We must test live circuits before repairs are done.
• Even after Lock Out / Tag Out, we must verify theEven after Lock Out / Tag Out, we must verify the
absence of voltage – “not dead until tested dead”.absence of voltage – “not dead until tested dead”.
• During this process, a worker could be exposed toDuring this process, a worker could be exposed to
electrical hazards.electrical hazards.
• Troubleshooting work requires that the power beTroubleshooting work requires that the power be
left on.left on.
13. 1313
Necessary LoopholeNecessary Loophole
Because of this there are two exceptions toBecause of this there are two exceptions to “THE“THE
RULE”.RULE”.
1.1. Where de-energizing would introduce increased or additionalWhere de-energizing would introduce increased or additional
hazards.hazards.
2.2. Where killing power is “infeasible” due to equipment design orWhere killing power is “infeasible” due to equipment design or
operational limitations (like voltage testing).operational limitations (like voltage testing).
-1910. 333 (a) (1), Subpart S-1910. 333 (a) (1), Subpart S
14. 1414
NFPA 70 E StandardNFPA 70 E Standard
1.1. Safety –Related Work PracticesSafety –Related Work Practices
Hazard Analyses for shock and flashHazard Analyses for shock and flash
Approach boundariesApproach boundaries
Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment
TrainingTraining
1.1. Safety-Related Maintenance RequirementsSafety-Related Maintenance Requirements
Maintaining electrical components, wiring, equipment in a safeMaintaining electrical components, wiring, equipment in a safe
conditioncondition
1.1. Safety Requirements for Special EquipmentSafety Requirements for Special Equipment
Batteries, Lasers and power electronic equipBatteries, Lasers and power electronic equip
1.1. Installation Safety RequirementsInstallation Safety Requirements
Truncated version of NECTruncated version of NEC
Not to be used in lieu of NECNot to be used in lieu of NEC
Major Work
Practice
Requirements
15. 1515
NFPA 70E - RequirementsNFPA 70E - Requirements
Electrical Safety Program ElementsElectrical Safety Program Elements
Awareness training for employees who work on orAwareness training for employees who work on or
near exposed energized electrical conductorsnear exposed energized electrical conductors
Inspection/evaluation of electrical equipmentInspection/evaluation of electrical equipment
Identify hazards – hazard/risk evaluation prior to workIdentify hazards – hazard/risk evaluation prior to work
on or near live parts operating at 50 volts or more oron or near live parts operating at 50 volts or more or
where an electrical hazard existswhere an electrical hazard exists
Conduct an Electrical Hazard AnalysisConduct an Electrical Hazard Analysis
(For everyone, de-energized work)
16. 1616
Electrical Safety Program Elements – Con’tElectrical Safety Program Elements – Con’t
Develop procedures for jobsDevelop procedures for jobs
Work permits - procedures for working on or nearWork permits - procedures for working on or near
live partslive parts >> 50 volts or where an electrical hazard50 volts or where an electrical hazard
exists before work is started.exists before work is started.
Protect employees from shock, burn, blast,Protect employees from shock, burn, blast,
and other hazardsand other hazards
Use electrically rated toolsUse electrically rated tools
Perform a job briefing prior to each jobPerform a job briefing prior to each job
Perform AuditsPerform Audits
Troubleshooting
Exemption
Working it hot (Maintenance & Repair)
17. 1717
NFPA 70E - RequirementsNFPA 70E - Requirements
Safety Training –Safety Training –
Classroom or on-the-job or a combination dependingClassroom or on-the-job or a combination depending
on the risk to the employeeon the risk to the employee
Emergency procedures - for employees working on orEmergency procedures - for employees working on or
near exposed energized electrical conductors ornear exposed energized electrical conductors or
circuit parts:circuit parts:
Methods of release of victims from contact with exposedMethods of release of victims from contact with exposed
energized conductors or circuit partsenergized conductors or circuit parts
First Aid, resuscitation, etc.First Aid, resuscitation, etc.
Working it hot (Maintenance & Repair)
18. 1818
NFPA 70E - RequirementsNFPA 70E - Requirements
Qualified Person – shall be trained and knowledgeable of theQualified Person – shall be trained and knowledgeable of the
construction and operation of equipment or a specific work methodconstruction and operation of equipment or a specific work method
and trained to recognize and avoid the electrical hazards that mightand trained to recognize and avoid the electrical hazards that might
be present with respect to that equipment or work method.be present with respect to that equipment or work method.
Only Qualified Persons are authorizedOnly Qualified Persons are authorized
to work on or near live partsto work on or near live parts
(For everyone, de-energized work)
19. 1919
Creating an NFPA 70ECreating an NFPA 70E
Compliant ProgramCompliant Program
Develop Electrical Safety ProgramDevelop Electrical Safety Program
Written electrical safety procedure SafeWritten electrical safety procedure Safe
work practiceswork practices
Training requirements PPE requirementsTraining requirements PPE requirements
Conduct Shock and Flash Hazard Analyses on allConduct Shock and Flash Hazard Analyses on all
electrical equipment to determine appropriate levels ofelectrical equipment to determine appropriate levels of
protectionprotection
Train and outfit all affected personnelTrain and outfit all affected personnel
Where do we go from here ?
20. 2020
Start With a Hazard Risk AnalysisStart With a Hazard Risk Analysis
Hazard/Risk Analysis is a decision making process:Hazard/Risk Analysis is a decision making process:
• Evaluate equipment and circuitEvaluate equipment and circuit
information to determine the degree andinformation to determine the degree and
extent of hazardsextent of hazards
• Determine “Determine “ShockShock Approach BoundariesApproach Boundaries””
• DetermineDetermine ““Flash Protection BoundaryFlash Protection Boundary””
• DetermineDetermine “Incident Energy Exposure”“Incident Energy Exposure”
• Determine appropriate PersonalDetermine appropriate Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE)Protective Equipment (PPE)
Must perform Shock and Flash Hazard Analyses when working “on or
near” energized parts (within Limited Approach Boundary).
21. 2121
Shock Hazard AnalysisShock Hazard Analysis
Protects againstProtects against ContactContact with energized equipmentwith energized equipment
Use highest voltage level of exposureUse highest voltage level of exposure
Boundary distance based solely on voltageBoundary distance based solely on voltage
Boundaries drawn from table in standard – no calcs necessary:Boundaries drawn from table in standard – no calcs necessary:
LimitedLimited – a safe approach boundary. Only qualified– a safe approach boundary. Only qualified
employees and escorted unqualified employees mayemployees and escorted unqualified employees may
crosscross
RestrictedRestricted – Only qualified employees may cross.– Only qualified employees may cross.
When working within this boundary, must use specialWhen working within this boundary, must use special
precautionary techniques and PPEprecautionary techniques and PPE
ProhibitedProhibited – Only qualified employees protected by– Only qualified employees protected by
insulating materialsinsulating materials
22. 2222
FLASH BOUNDARIESFLASH BOUNDARIES
Limited Shock Boundary: Qualified or Unqualified Persons*
* Only if accompanied by Qualified Person
Prohibited Shock Boundary: Qualified Persons Only. PPE as
if direct contact with live part
Restricted Shock Boundary: Qualified Persons Only
Note: shock boundaries dependent on system voltage level
Flash Protection Boundary (FPB)
Must wear appropriate PPE
FPB dependent on fault level and time duration.
Flash Protection Boundary (FPB)
Must wear appropriate PPE
FPB dependent on fault level and time duration.
Equipment
23. 2323
Approach BoundariesApproach Boundaries
Restricted
Approach
Boundary
Condition
Nominal System
Voltage Range,
Phase to Phase
Exposed
Movable
Conductor
Exposed Fixed
Circuit Part
Includes
Inadvertent
Movement
Adder
Prohibited
Approach
Boundary
1 0 to 50 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified
2 51 to 300 10 ft. 0 in. 3 ft. 6 in. Avoid Contact Avoid Contact
3 301 to 750 10 ft. 0 in. 3 ft. 6 in. 1 ft. 0 in. 0 ft. 1 in.
4 751 to 15kV 10 ft. 0 in. 5 ft. 0 in. 2 ft. 2 in. 0 ft. 7 in.
5 15.1kV to 36kV 10 ft. 0 in. 6 ft. 0 in. 2 ft. 7 in. 0 ft. 10 in.
Limited Approach Boundary
1. “Limited” Boundary - Must be Qualified Person
2. “Restricted” Boundary - Must wear Electrical PPE
3. “Prohibited” Boundary - Must wear PPE as if direct contact is being made.
Working with Control Panel door open – in Restricted Approach Boundary
24. 2424
Arc Flash BoundaryArc Flash Boundary
To protect from thermal burn due to arc flashTo protect from thermal burn due to arc flash
Electrical systems 600V or less:Electrical systems 600V or less:
4 feet, or4 feet, or
The calculated distance based on establishedThe calculated distance based on established
algorithmsalgorithms
Electrical systems over 600V:Electrical systems over 600V:
Boundary based on incident energy as calculated orBoundary based on incident energy as calculated or
as given in default tables in Standardas given in default tables in Standard
Work within the Flash Boundary will require electrical PPE to
protect the employee from arc flash injury
(Good rule of thumb is 10 feet)
25. 2525
Flash Hazard AnalysisFlash Hazard Analysis
Designed to prevent injury from the heat generated in anDesigned to prevent injury from the heat generated in an
arc event – not contactarc event – not contact
A Flash Hazard Analysis Shall Determine:A Flash Hazard Analysis Shall Determine:
Flash BoundaryFlash Boundary
Approach boundary from exposed energized parts within which aApproach boundary from exposed energized parts within which a
person without proper PPE could receive beyond a 2person without proper PPE could receive beyond a 2ndnd
degree burndegree burn
Incident heat energy of possible arc flash based on:Incident heat energy of possible arc flash based on:
Available fault currentAvailable fault current
Fault clearing timeFault clearing time
Distance from exposed equipmentDistance from exposed equipment
Directional dissipation of energy (arc-in-the-box scenarios)Directional dissipation of energy (arc-in-the-box scenarios)
PPE Requirements within the Flash BoundaryPPE Requirements within the Flash Boundary
26. 2626
Arc Flash HazardsArc Flash Hazards
Electric arcs produce some of the highest temperaturesElectric arcs produce some of the highest temperatures
known to occur on earth – up to 35,000known to occur on earth – up to 35,000
00
degrees Fahrenheit.degrees Fahrenheit.
This is four times the surface temperature of the sun (This is four times the surface temperature of the sun ( 90009000
00
FF))
All known materials are vaporized at this temperature. WhenAll known materials are vaporized at this temperature. When
materials vaporize they expand in volume (Copper – 67,000materials vaporize they expand in volume (Copper – 67,000
times, Water–1670 times). The air blast can spread moltentimes, Water–1670 times). The air blast can spread molten
metal to great distances with force.metal to great distances with force.
Rapidly expanding gases, extreme pressure and soundRapidly expanding gases, extreme pressure and sound
waves, molten metal and metal plasma.waves, molten metal and metal plasma.
27. 2727
Arc Flash HazardsArc Flash Hazards
Pressure: Blast pressure waves have thrownPressure: Blast pressure waves have thrown
workers across rooms and knocked them offworkers across rooms and knocked them off
ladders. Pressure on the chest can be higherladders. Pressure on the chest can be higher
than 2000 lbs/ sq. ft. – blows clothing off body.than 2000 lbs/ sq. ft. – blows clothing off body.
Clothing can be ignited several feet away.Clothing can be ignited several feet away.
Clothed areas can be burned more severelyClothed areas can be burned more severely
than exposed skin.than exposed skin.
Hearing loss from sound blast. The sound canHearing loss from sound blast. The sound can
have a magnitude as high as 140 dB at ahave a magnitude as high as 140 dB at a
distance of 2 feet from the arc.distance of 2 feet from the arc.
28. Sound Pressure ie. Mechanical pressureSound Pressure ie. Mechanical pressure
IHOH Safety & Health Training /IHOH Safety & Health Training /
EducationEducation 2828
29. 2929
Arc Flash CausesArc Flash Causes
Dust and impuritiesDust and impurities - Dust and impurities on insulating surfaces- Dust and impurities on insulating surfaces
can provide a path for current, allowing it to flashover andcan provide a path for current, allowing it to flashover and
create arc discharge across the surface.create arc discharge across the surface.
CorrosionCorrosion - Corrosion of equipment creates impurities on- Corrosion of equipment creates impurities on
insulating surfaces. Corrosion also weakens the contactinsulating surfaces. Corrosion also weakens the contact
between conductor terminals, increasing the contact resistancebetween conductor terminals, increasing the contact resistance
through oxidation or other contamination. Heat is generated onthrough oxidation or other contamination. Heat is generated on
the contacts; sparks may be produced; can lead to arcing faultsthe contacts; sparks may be produced; can lead to arcing faults
closest ground source.closest ground source.
Condensation -Condensation - water vapor can drip causing tracking on thewater vapor can drip causing tracking on the
surface of insulating materials. Can create a flashover tosurface of insulating materials. Can create a flashover to
ground.ground.
Spark discharge –Spark discharge – Accidental contact; dropping toolsAccidental contact; dropping tools
Overvoltage across narrow gapsOvervoltage across narrow gaps
Failure of insulating materialsFailure of insulating materials
Improper work proceduresImproper work procedures
30. 3030
Arc Flash in Our EquipmentArc Flash in Our Equipment
Don’t have to beDon’t have to be “working on”“working on” a circuit for an arc flash to occur.a circuit for an arc flash to occur.
Accidental contact is the most common cause of arc flash events.Accidental contact is the most common cause of arc flash events.
For a low voltage system (480 V), a 3 to 4-inch arc can becomeFor a low voltage system (480 V), a 3 to 4-inch arc can become
“stabilized” and persist for an extended period of time if circuit does“stabilized” and persist for an extended period of time if circuit does
not operate.not operate.
Energy released is a function of system voltage, fault currentEnergy released is a function of system voltage, fault current
magnitude and fault duration.magnitude and fault duration.
Arcs in enclosures, such as a Motor Control Center (MCC) or panelArcs in enclosures, such as a Motor Control Center (MCC) or panel
board, magnify blast and energy transmitted as the blast is forced toboard, magnify blast and energy transmitted as the blast is forced to
the open side of the enclosure and toward the worker (Arc-in-the-the open side of the enclosure and toward the worker (Arc-in-the-
Box).Box).
31. 3131
Small arc – burn
to hand
Medium arc – burn to
hand, arm and chest
Severe arc – whole
body burns
Ionization cloud
barely visible
Clearly visible ionized
gas
Exploding plasma of
gases and vaporized
metal
Arc Flash in a PanelboardArc Flash in a Panelboard
32. 3232
10 minute break
Brief video clip of arc flash
in switchgear
Five to Ten Arc Flash Explosions occur in electric equipment every day in the U.S
(Based on statistics compiled by Cap Schell, Inc., a Chicago based research and consulting firm that
specializes in preventing workplace injuries and death)
Bureau of Labor Statistics data for 1994 show 11,153 cases of reported days away from work were due to
electrical burns, electrocution / electrical shock injuries, fires and explosions.
The Census of Fatal Injuries noted 548 employees died from the causes of electrical current exposure, fires
and explosions out of 6,588 work related fatalities nationwide.
33. 3333
Flash Hazard AnalysisFlash Hazard Analysis
Determines the Flash Protection BoundaryDetermines the Flash Protection Boundary
Determines the required PPEDetermines the required PPE
2 Methods available:2 Methods available:
1.1. Can use Default Tables in the NFPA 70E StandardCan use Default Tables in the NFPA 70E Standard
Classifies work tasks in a specific Hazard RiskClassifies work tasks in a specific Hazard Risk
Category (HRC)Category (HRC)
Specifies required PPE as a function of HRCSpecifies required PPE as a function of HRC
1.1. Can calculate the incident energy to employees if a faultCan calculate the incident energy to employees if a fault
occurred. Can then specify the required PPE based onoccurred. Can then specify the required PPE based on
predicted hazard level.predicted hazard level.
We compared default tables to calculated values:
• Used conservative, but reasonably expected input parameters
• Used 2 different calculation models (took highest values)
• Found calculated values to be less than default tables
34. 3434
Example From Default TableExample From Default Table
• Voltage-rated gloves
• Voltage-rated tools
• Doubled-layered switching hood and hearing protection
• Untreated natural fiber: T-shirt & Long pants
• FR Clothing: Long –sleeve shirt, Pants, Coveralls
• FR Protective Equipment: Hard hat, safety glasses, leather gloves,
leather work shoes
(Note there are footnotes altering above due to fault current levels and
duration. And there are some substitutions permitted.)
Page 55, Table 3-3.9.1/ Page 59,Table 3-3.9.2
600 V Class MCC - Work on energized parts including voltage
testing - What is required?
If You Use the Method #1 Flash Hazard Analysis –
NFPA 70E Default Tables:
Columbia Customer
36. 3636
Incident Energy & Calories
“Incident Energy-
The amount of energy impressed on a surface, a certain distance from the
source, generated during an electrical arc event. One of the units used
to measure incident energy is calories per centimeter squared ( cal/cm )
The definition of incident energy was added to provide clarity for the user.
Incident energy could be expressed in several different terms, such as
calories per centimeter, joules per square centimeter, or calories per
square inch. However, incident energy must be expressed in the same
terms in which the PPE is thermally rated, which usually is calories per
square centimeter.”
- From NFPA 70E Handbook, 2004 Edition, p. 22 (Text & Explanatory Commentary)
2
(Cigarette lighter produces about 1 cal/cm-sq)
37. 3737
From NFPA 70E Default TablesFrom NFPA 70E Default Tables
Risk
Category
Min. Arc
Rating of
PPE PPE Requirements - NFPA-70E 2004
0 0-2 cal/cm
2
Untreated Cotton; leather gloves; safety glasses
1 2-4 cal/cm
2 FR shirt and pants (or jeans); rubber gloves; safety
glasses; hard hat
2 4-8 cal/cm
2 FR shirt and pants (or jeans); rubber gloves; safety
glasses; hard hat; arc face shield
3 8-25 cal/cm
2 FR shirt and pants; rubber gloves; safety glasses;
hard hat; arc hood; arc jacket
4 25-40 cal/cm
2 FR shirt and pants; rubber gloves; safety glasses;
hard hat; arc hood; multi-layer flash suit
From: NFPA 70E Default Tables
Troubleshooting a 480 V panel is listed in default tables as Hazard Category 2 work.
38. 3838
Work Tasks ImpactedWork Tasks Impacted
Primarily Troubleshooting, Start-Up and Power DownPrimarily Troubleshooting, Start-Up and Power Down
ProceduresProcedures
Main Disconnect OperationMain Disconnect Operation
Circuit Breaker OperationCircuit Breaker Operation
Contactor OperationContactor Operation
Voltage and Amp ReadingsVoltage and Amp Readings
Control circuitryControl circuitry
Power circuitryPower circuitry
Etc..Etc..
39. 3939
Flash Hazard ThresholdFlash Hazard Threshold
Second Degree
Burn Threshold
1.2 cal/cm2
Note: medical treatment may still be required if bare
skin is exposed to this level of flash - full recovery to be
expected.
Must protect employees from the onset
of 2nd
degree burn
40. 4040
PPE SelectionPPE Selection
From 70E TableFrom 70E Table
For Most Service and Maintenance Work
Limited work on 2300V and 4160V
Synthetic fibers, such as polyester, nylon, acetate, rayon, either alone
or in blends are not permitted – they melt at low temperatures, adhere
to the skin and increase the extent of injury.
Voltage Clothing Gloves Other PPE
Safety Glasses
Hard Hat (if needed)
Safety Glasses
Class E Hard Hat with 8
Cal. ATPV Face Shield
2300-4160
Volts
Safety Glasses
Class E Hard Hat with 8
Cal. ATPV Face Shield
Class 1 Insulated Rubber
Gloves w/ Leather
Protectors
50 - 120 Volts 100% long-sleeve cotton
shirt and pants
Leather Gloves (Class 00 if
possibility of contact)
121 - 600 Volts 100% long-sleeve cotton
or FR shirt and pants
Class 00 or 0 Insulated
Rubber Gloves w/ Leather
Protectors
FR shirt and pants or FR
Coveralls - 9.4 ounce
Indura Ultra Soft (or
equivalent)
For outdoor work, outer layer must be natural fiber or FR
41. 4141
100% Cotton vs. FR Clothing100% Cotton vs. FR Clothing
One Major Exception to the 100% Cotton Rule forOne Major Exception to the 100% Cotton Rule for
480 Volt work:480 Volt work:
When working on (e.g. Voltage testing) the line side terminal ofWhen working on (e.g. Voltage testing) the line side terminal of
a main disconnect at a large industrial customer, weara main disconnect at a large industrial customer, wear
FR clothing as the outer layer instead of 100% cotton.FR clothing as the outer layer instead of 100% cotton.
This is due to the uncertainty of available fault currents and
clearing times with on-site substation transformers and 600
Amp class circuit breakers.
As a result, many Company locations are just
buying FR shirts/pants for all electrical work
42. 4242
100% Cotton vs. FR Clothing100% Cotton vs. FR Clothing
100% cotton will catch on fire & burn, but won’t melt to the burn
making burn worse
FR will not support combustion, that is, it won’t catch on fire and
continue to burn
Tech was seated
cross legged,
brazing slag
‘popped out’
stayed on
pant leg
FR, HRC 2 pants,
(white sheet of paper
Inside pant leg)
43. 4343
Arc Hazards Below 240 VoltsArc Hazards Below 240 Volts
Rubber gloves and face shield neededRubber gloves and face shield needed
in the 120 - 240 volt range becausein the 120 - 240 volt range because
significant arc hazards may exist suchsignificant arc hazards may exist such
as:as:
3 Phase, 208 V power circuits supplying equipment3 Phase, 208 V power circuits supplying equipment
in older installations.in older installations.
Old building infrastructures may not have convertedOld building infrastructures may not have converted
to 480 V systems.to 480 V systems.
Become familiar with the facility electrical distribution
system to fully evaluate the level of hazard.
44. 4444
Electrical PPE RequirementsElectrical PPE Requirements
Electrical PPE (rubber gloves, hard hat / arc face shield,Electrical PPE (rubber gloves, hard hat / arc face shield,
cotton or FR clothing) iscotton or FR clothing) is requiredrequired for troubleshooting,for troubleshooting,
applying LOTO and testing dead. After that,applying LOTO and testing dead. After that,
1.1. The line side terminal of the disconnecting deviceThe line side terminal of the disconnecting device may stillmay still
be energizedbe energized..
2.2. According to this standard, if you areAccording to this standard, if you are “exposed”“exposed” to energizedto energized
parts, electrical PPE is still required.parts, electrical PPE is still required.
““Exposed”Exposed” means being within the Limited Approachmeans being within the Limited Approach
Boundary, which is 1 ft, for circuits 120 – 480 V.Boundary, which is 1 ft, for circuits 120 – 480 V.
1.1. You can eliminateYou can eliminate “exposure”“exposure” and remove the PPE if you canand remove the PPE if you can
“Insulate”“Insulate” oror “Isolate”“Isolate” yourself from the energized parts.yourself from the energized parts.
2.2. InsulateInsulate by placing an insulating material over the part.by placing an insulating material over the part.
3.3. IsolateIsolate by placing a rigid barrier over the part to preventby placing a rigid barrier over the part to prevent
contact, or ensure your body and all conductive tools remaincontact, or ensure your body and all conductive tools remain
> 1 ft. away.> 1 ft. away.
PPE requirements based on your distance from “Exposed
Energized Parts”, not the equipment you’re working on
53. 5353
Electrical Safety ProcedureElectrical Safety Procedure
Customized for HVAC Service andCustomized for HVAC Service and
Contracting Business:Contracting Business:
Work ProceduresWork Procedures
Electrical PPEElectrical PPE
Protective ClothingProtective Clothing
TrainingTraining
54. 5454
Electrical Safety ProcedureElectrical Safety Procedure
1.1. Work Procedures:Lockout/Tagout wheneverWork Procedures:Lockout/Tagout whenever
possible – Cardinal Rulepossible – Cardinal Rule
Approach Boundaries - Based on voltageApproach Boundaries - Based on voltage
Use of non-conductive tools, materials, equipmentUse of non-conductive tools, materials, equipment
Insulated tools and equipmentInsulated tools and equipment
Test Instruments and equipmentTest Instruments and equipment
Protective Shielding EquipmentProtective Shielding Equipment
Portable LaddersPortable Ladders
Safety InterlocksSafety Interlocks
Use of GFCIsUse of GFCIs
55. 5555
Electrical Safety ProcedureElectrical Safety Procedure
2.2. Electrical PPEElectrical PPE
Required when working within the LimitedRequired when working within the Limited
Approach BoundaryApproach Boundary
Flash Hazard Analysis dictates what mustFlash Hazard Analysis dictates what must
be wornbe worn
Can use NFPA 70E default tables, orCan use NFPA 70E default tables, or
Can perform customized analysisCan perform customized analysis
Includes Hand; Head and Face; WholeIncludes Hand; Head and Face; Whole
Body protectionBody protection
56. 5656
Electrical Safety TrainingElectrical Safety Training
Electrical Safety Training Broken DownElectrical Safety Training Broken Down
into 4 Modules:into 4 Modules:
1.1. Awareness LevelAwareness Level
2.2. Basic ElectricityBasic Electricity
3.3. Low Voltage Practices (50-600 V)Low Voltage Practices (50-600 V)
4.4. High Voltage Practices ( > 600 V)High Voltage Practices ( > 600 V)
59. 5959
Qualified Person TrainingQualified Person Training
Basic RequirementsBasic Requirements
1.1. Must have knowledge of construction and operation of equipment and specificMust have knowledge of construction and operation of equipment and specific
work methods to recognize and avoid electrical hazards while performingwork methods to recognize and avoid electrical hazards while performing
work.work.
2.2. Must be familiar with the precautionary techniques, PPE, insulating andMust be familiar with the precautionary techniques, PPE, insulating and
shielding materials, insulated tools and test equipment.shielding materials, insulated tools and test equipment.
Specific RequirementsSpecific Requirements
1.1. Able to distinguish exposed energized parts from other partsAble to distinguish exposed energized parts from other parts
2.2. Able to determine nominal voltage of exposed live partsAble to determine nominal voltage of exposed live parts
3.3. Approach distances and corresponding voltages in the StandardApproach distances and corresponding voltages in the Standard
4.4. Determine degree of hazard and appropriate PPEDetermine degree of hazard and appropriate PPE
Required by OSHA (via Sec. 5a1) and NFPA 70E
Training can be either classroom, on-the-job, or a combination.
OJT requires direct supervision by a Qualified Person.
Supplemental
Training Needs
61. 6161
Focus On Engineering andFocus On Engineering and
Admin ControlsAdmin Controls
OSHA 1910. 335 “Safeguards for personnel protection”OSHA 1910. 335 “Safeguards for personnel protection”
((a) (2) (ii)a) (2) (ii)
““Protective shields, protective barriers, or insulatingProtective shields, protective barriers, or insulating
materials shall be used to protect each employee frommaterials shall be used to protect each employee from
shock, burns, or electrically related injuries while thatshock, burns, or electrically related injuries while that
employee is working near exposed energized parts whichemployee is working near exposed energized parts which
might be accidentally contacted or where dangerousmight be accidentally contacted or where dangerous
electric heating or arcing might occur. When normallyelectric heating or arcing might occur. When normally
enclosed live parts are exposed for maintenance or repair,enclosed live parts are exposed for maintenance or repair,
they shall be guarded to protect unqualified persons fromthey shall be guarded to protect unqualified persons from
contact with the live part.”contact with the live part.”
OSHA 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1910 Subpart S - Regulatory requirement.
NFPA 70-2002 National Electrical Code – labeling requirements
NFPA 70E-2004, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace. Current version cited by OSHA. Basically describes “how to” on compliance.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) Standard 1584-2002 Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations.
OSHA 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1910 Subpart S - Regulatory requirement.
NFPA 70-2002 National Electrical Code – labeling requirements
NFPA 70E-2004, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace. Current version cited by OSHA. Basically describes “how to” on compliance.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) Standard 1584-2002 Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations.
OSHA 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1910 Subpart S - Regulatory requirement.
NFPA 70-2002 National Electrical Code – labeling requirements
NFPA 70E-2004, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace. Current version cited by OSHA. Basically describes “how to” on compliance.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) Standard 1584-2002 Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations.
OSHA 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1910 Subpart S - Regulatory requirement.
NFPA 70-2002 National Electrical Code – labeling requirements
NFPA 70E-2004, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace. Current version cited by OSHA. Basically describes “how to” on compliance.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) Standard 1584-2002 Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations.
OSHA 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1910 Subpart S - Regulatory requirement.
NFPA 70-2002 National Electrical Code – labeling requirements
NFPA 70E-2004, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace. Current version cited by OSHA. Basically describes “how to” on compliance.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) Standard 1584-2002 Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations.
