Philosophies and principles in teaching (edited)

13. SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIVISM Schools should be “change agents” and educate students about their place in the world and how to change the world. • Paolo Freire

14. EXISTENTIALISM Focus on the experiences of each individual, personal growth Rollo May

15. PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING “A thousand teachers, a thousand methods.” -Chinese Proverb

16. DIFFERENT APPROACHES AND METHODS TEACHING APPROACH TEACHING STRATEGY TEACHING METHOD TEACHING TECHNIQUE

17. EXAMPLES OF TEACHING APPROACHES  TEACHER-CENTERED  LEARNER-CENTERED  SUBJECT-MATTERED CENTER  TEAHER DOMINATED  INTERACTIVE  “BANKING” APPROACH  CONSTRUCTIVIST  DISCIPLINAL  INTEGRATED  INDIVIDUALISTIC  COLLABORATIVE  INDIRECT, GUIDED  DIRECT

18. Other Teaching Approaches Cited In Education Literature Are:  RESEARCH-BASED APPROACH  WHOLE CHILD APPROACH  METACOGNITIVE APPROACH  PROBLEM-BASED APPROACH

19. In summary, approaches vary in the degree of teacher and learner engagement, focus, number of learners involved in the teaching-learning process as shown in the diagram below: Engagement Teacher Learner Focus Subject Matter Learner Number Individual Group

20. DIRECT/EXPOSITORY APPROACH 1) Direct Instruction/Lecture Method  TWO (2) TYPES OF ASSESSMENT  Summative Assessment  Formative Assessment 2) Demonstration Method

21. INDIRECT/GUIDED / EXPLORATORY APPROACH 1) Inquiry Method/Discovery Method 2) Problem Solving Method 3) Project Method

22. THANK YOU FOR WATCHING AND LISTENING!!  RHEA VANESSA ANGEL LUZON BSED-BILOGICAL SCIENCE 2

Editor's Notes

My presentation’s topic entitle philosophies and principles in teaching
All teachers have a personal philosophy that colors the way they teach Engaging in philosophy helps clarify what they do or intend to do, justify or explain why they do what they do in a logical, systematic manner
A values and beliefs that teacher follows in his or her teaching. Philosophies of teaching and learningNumerous philosophers have studied what it means to teach and learn, and have come up with various explanations of the process of becoming educated. Faculty begin to refine their own beliefs and understandings of what it means to know through examining numerous theories of knowledge and making sense of the processes of teaching and learning in their own minds.
What makes a teaching philosophy? Beliefs based about teaching and learning, students, knowledge, what is worth knowing and personal beliefs in philosophical areas which inspired by philosophies of education and resulted to a good teaching behavior
What are your beliefs about teaching? In constructivist perspective versus transmission perspective, constructivist perspective while transmission perspective
These are the 5 branches of philosophies that inspired philosophies of education and teaching Metaphysics - Which is the Curriculum or truth Epistemology - Knowing the curriculum and methods Logic - How curriculum is organized Axiology / Ethics -the characters & values of the teacher Axiology / Aesthetics -the Art / literature / self
These are the philosophies constructed from the 5 branches of philosophies which is used in education and teaching.
Perennialism and essentialism are the philosophies of teaching which is teacher centered that focus on subject Social reconstructionism and existentialism are the philosophies of teaching which is student centered that focus on the learners and society And progressivism which is both teacher and learner centered
It is focused upon fundamental subject areas, and more memorization. Teacher in this philosophy don’t want change Also associated with other philosophies such as Idealism / Character / Plato / Liberalism Alfred Adler said about perennialism that “There are thousands of degrees and variations, but it is always clearly the attitude of a person who finds his superiority in solving the complications of others.” Plato also said 'And once we have given our community a good start,' I pointed out, ' the process will be cumulative. By maintaining a sound system of education you produce citizens of good character, and citizens of sound character, with the advantage of a good education, produce in turn children better than themselves and better able to produce still better children in their turn, as can be seen with animals.'
Essentialism Emphasis on a traditional education And Development of the mind The teacher is also all knowing and disciplinarian controlling of the curriculum and students. Also associated with other philosophies such as Realism / Canon / Truth / Kurt Vonnegut said about essentialism “Everything that ever has been always will be, and everything that ever will be always has been.” Albert Einstein also said “There are only a few enlightened people with a lucid mind and style and with good taste within a century. What has been preserved of their work belongs among the most precious possessions of mankind. We owe it to a few writers of antiquity (Plato, Aristotle, etc.) that the people in the Middle Ages could slowly extricate themselves from the superstitions and ignorance that had darkened life for more than half a millennium. Nothing is more needed to overcome the modernist's snobbishness than to read the original great minds.
The teacher is a facilitator and guide. School is a reflection of the wider world. The student’s world is the focus and starting point of education. It is also Whole Child focus ALSO Active rather than passive learning. Experimentation OR discovery. It also associated with other philosophies such as Constructivism / Experimentalism / Pragmatism / Bruner MARIA MONTESSORI USES this philosophy and stated that “We cannot know the consequences of suppressing a child's spontaneity when he is just beginning to be active. We may even suffocate life itself. That humanity which is revealed in all its intellectual splendor during the sweet and tender age of childhood should be respected with a kind of religious veneration. It is like the sun which appears at dawn or a flower just beginning to bloom. Education cannot be effective unless it helps a child to open up himself to life.”
Reconstructivism is Community based learning, addressing real problems It also Social action, critical thinking,& praxis Reconstructivist Challenge the conventional world and discover one’s own place and freedom and Active participation in the change of the world. It is also associated with other philosophies such as Praxis / Activism / Critical Pedagogy / Paolo Freire said “Education either functions as an instrument which is used to facilitate integration of the younger generation into the logic of the present system and bring about conformity or it becomes the practice of freedom, the means by which men and women deal critically and creatively with reality and discover how to participate in the transformation of their world.”
Existentialism Raise the personal awareness of students towards their existence as “free agents” It also emphasizes the ability of an individual to determine the course and nature of his or her life and the importance of personal decision making. Help students “self-actualize” and become free agents who decide the course of their own lives It also associated with other philosophies such as Humanism , Psychology & Logotherapy Rollo may said about existentialism that "Human freedom involves our capacity to pause between the stimulus and response and, in that pause, to choose the one response toward which we wish to throw our weight. The capacity to create ourselves, based upon this freedom, is inseparable from consciousness or self-awareness."
Which means that in every teacher, they uses different methods to enhance or improve their teachings.
There are diferent approaches and methods as principles in teaching Some of it are Teaching approaches which is a set of principles, beliefs, or ideas about the nature of learning which is translated into the classroom. Teaching strategy is a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal. Teaching method a systematic way of doing something. It implies an orderly logical arrangement of steps. It is more procedural. Teaching techniques a well-defined procedure used to accomplish a specific activity or task.
Thank you for watching and listening. Hope it will help and give you ideas on how to do better your teaching styles. Have a good day and God bless.

Philosophies and principles in teaching (edited)

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Editor's Notes