1. Mutual Distance Bounding Protocols
A distance bounding protocol enables one entity to determine an upper bound on the physical
distance to the other entity as well as to authenticate the other entity. It has been actively
researched during the recent years as distance-based attacks like Mafia fraud attacks become a
threat in wireless environment, especially in RFID systems. Almost all distance bounding
protocols deal with unilateral authentication as they consider authentication of a passive RFID
tag to a reader. Recently a distance bounding protocol providing mutual authentication has been
proposed by Yum et al. asserting that it provides a lower false acceptance rate under Mafia fraud
attack. However, we show in two ways that their security margins have been overestimated. First
we show that their analysis is not correct. Secondly we introduce a new attack that achieves a
higher false acceptance rate. Furthermore, we introduce a method that can modify existing
distance bounding protocols with unilateral authentication to ones providing mutual
authentication.
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