sayeh processor

2.  Computer Architecture = Instruction Set Architecture +
Computer Organization.
 The processor is the computer's brain. It allows the
processing of numeric data, meaning information
entered in binary form, and the execution of
instructions stored in memory.
 The first microprocessor (Intel 4004) was invented in
1971. It was a 4-bit calculation device with a speed of
108 kHz. Since then, microprocessor power has grown

3.  In1823, Baron Jons Jackob Berzelius silicon (Si), which
today is the basic component of processors.
 1947 John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley
invent the first transistor at the Bell Laboratories on
December 23, 1947.
 1971 Intel with the help of Ted Hoff introduces the first
microprocessor, the Intel 4004 on November 15, 1971. The
4004 had 2,300 transistors, performed 60,000 operations per
second (OPS), addressed 640 bytes of memory. AND GOES

5.  The SAYEH processor (Simple Architecture,Yet
Enough Hardware) has been designed for educational
and benchmarking purpose.
 It possesses minimum hardware with enough
operations possible on that hardware.
 The processor has 8 and 16-bit instructions. Short
instructions contain shadow instructions, which
effectively pack two such instructions into a 16-bit
word.

6.  The CPU has a 16-bit data
bus and a 16-bit address
bus, also a 16-bit
Instruction Set
Architecture (ISA).
 It has a register file that
is used for data
processing instructions.

7.  The processor has a
Datapath and a Controller.
 Datapath components are
Addressing Unit, Instruction
Register, Window Pointer,
Register File, Arithmetic
Logic Unit, and the Flags
register.
 Controller of SAYEH has
eleven states for reset, fetch,
decode, execute, and halt

8.  PC- Program Counter, 16 bits
 R0, R1, R2, and R3. General purpose registers part of the
register file,16 bits
 Reg file - The general purpose registers form a window of 4 in
a register file of 8 registers
WP- Window Pointer points to the register file to define R0, R1,
R2,
and R3, 3 bits
IR. Instruction Register that is loaded with a 16-bit, an 8-bit, or
two
8-bit instructions, 16 bits
ALU. The ALU that can AND, OR, NOT, Shift, Compare, Add,
Subtract, and Multiply its inputs, 16 bit operands
Z flag. Becomes 1 when the ALU output is 0

9.  The OPCODE field is a 4-bit code that specifies the type of
instruction.
 The Left and Right fields are 2-bit codes selecting R0 through
R3 registers in the Register File for destination and/or source of
an instruction.
 The 16-bit instructions have the Immediate field and the 8-bit
instructions do not.

12.  It consists of Program
Counter and
Addressing Logic Unit.
 The Addressing Logic
is a combinational
circuit that is capable
of adding its inputs to
generate a 16-bit
output
 The program counter is
used as a16 bit
address storing

13.  Status Register, is
designed as a Carry
and Zero bit storing
module.
 The Window Pointer is
a 3-bit register that is
used as the base of the
Register File .
 Instruction Register is
a 16 bit register which
takes its input from
Databus.

14.  The Register File is a 2-
port memory and a file
of 8,16-bit registers.
 Specific registers for
read and write (R0,R1,
R2, or R3) in the
Register File are
selected by its 4-bit
input bus coming from
the Instruction Register
and 3-bit bus from
window pointer.

15.  The Arithmetic Logic
Unit module is able to
perform –AND, OR,
NOT, Shift, Compare,
Add,Subtract, and
Multiply .
 It interacts with Status
register to get the
current status of flags
from previous
computation, gets
control signals from
controller and sends
output to Databus.

17.  Controller of SAYEH
has eleven states for
reset, fetch, decode,
execute,and halt
operations.
 It takes the
Instruction from IR
and decodes it and
sends appropriate
control signals to the