about social problems

1. SUB:SOCIAL SCIENCE
TOPIC:SOCIAL PROBLEMS
By,
Vishwas.M
Shreyas URS
Prajwal.M.R

2. Our country India is a very small country with
wide variety of cast, religion & creed. In such a
country, their resides problems within societies
as it contains a large population in it. The main
problem which resides in Indian society is
DOWRY SYSTEM, CHILD LABOUR, POVERTY &
THE GROWING POPULATION

3.  Poverty
 Dowry System
 Child labour
 Corruption
 Population
 Female Foeticide

4. POVERTY

5.  Poverty in India is widespread, with the nation
estimated to have a third of the world's poor.
 In 2010, the World Bank reported that 32.7%
of the total Indian people falls below the
international poverty line of US$ 1.25 per day
(PPP) while 68.7% lives on less than US$ 2 per
day.

6.  Low rate of economic development
 Unemployment
 Shortage of capital and able
entrepreneurship
 Corruption
 Caste system

7.  80% of India does not have access to public
health facilities. (Dr. Anbumani Ramadoss,
Minister for Health and Family Welfare)
 47% of Indian children under the age of 5
years are undernourished. (Human
Development Report 2005, UNDP)
 This has to be seen in perspective as the
population of India has increased by 370
million from 1991 and 190 million from
2001 so the absolute number of poor has
increased.
However, we also know that…

8.  71% of the children in 15-19 age group have
not completed a secondary education, their
fundamental right. (National Sample Survey on
Education, 1999-00, NSSO)
 57% of India does not have access to electricity.
(World Development Indicators 2005, World
Bank)
 70% of India does not have access to a suitable
toilet. (National Sample Survey on Housing,
2004, NSSO)
 49% of India does not have proper shelter.
(National Sample Survey on Housing, 2004,
NSSO)
 38% of India does not have access to a nearby
water source. (National Family Health Survey,
1998-99, IIPS)

9. DOWRY SYSTEM

10. In India, dowry is the payment in cash or some
kind of gifts given to bridegroom's family along
with the bride.

12. The underbelly of the dowry system revolves
around the treatment of brides. Referred to as
“bride-burning”, the act of maiming or even
killing brides whose family cannot or will
not meet a groom’s dowry demands is a
worrying practice in India. The National Crime
, negligence or murder than boys do
dowry-related deaths recorded Only a third of
all reported cases result in conviction of the
offenders.

13. Where the death of a woman is caused by any
burns or bodily injury or occurs otherwise than
under normal circumstances within seven years
of her marriage and it is shown that soon
before her death she was subjected to cruelty
or harassment by her husband or any relative of
her husband for, or in connection with, any
demand for dowry, such death shall be called
"dowry death" and such husband or relative
shall be deemed to have caused her death.
Sometimes the woman is killed by setting her
on fire; this is known as "bride burning”.

14. The dowry law (article 498a) is thought to
sometimes have been misused by women to
lodge false or exaggerated complaints against
husbands and entire extended family accusing
them of cruel behavior. As per the data only 2%
of the cases registered for dowry demand have
led to conviction of the groom or groom's
family. This had raised questions about
rampant misuse of dowry laws in India by
women to harass husband's family.

15.  Female police taskforce,1992
 Dowry prohibition act,1961
 IPC Section 498A
 Anti-Dowry Act,1989
 Protection of Women from Domestic Violence
Act,2005
 Section 304B
 IPC Section 406

16. CHILD LABOUR

17. Child labour is the practicing of having children
engage in economic activity, on part or full-
time basis. The practice deprives children of
their childhood, and is harmful to their physical
and mental development. Poverty, lack of good
schools and growth of informal economy are
considered as the important causes of child
labour in India

18. The 2001 national census of India
estimated the total number of child
labour, aged 5–14, to be at 12.6
million, out of a total child population
of 253 million in 5-14 age group. The
child labour problem is not unique to
India; worldwide, about 217 million
children work, many full-time.
In 2001, out of a 12.6 million child
workers, about 120,000 children in
India were in a hazardous job.

19. ¤ Poverty
¤ Non-availability of and non-accessibility to
schools
¤ Parental illiteracy
¤ Tradition of making children learn the family
skills
¤ Irrelevant and non-attractive school
curriculum
¤ Employers prefer children as they constitute
cheap labour and they are not able to
organize themselves against exploitation.

20. Section 12 of India's Child Labour
(Prohibition and Regulation) Act of
1986 requires prominent display of
'child labour is prohibited' signs in
many industries and construction
sites in local language and English.
The Factories Act of 1948: The Act
prohibits the employment of children
below the age of 14 years in any

21. Widespread positive awareness to go to school
not to work.
Awareness through print and electronic media.
Campaigns on CHILD RIGHTS.
Observation of specific day ANTI CHILD LABOUR
DAY in june 12th by ILO.

22. The international Labour Organization has been
fighting child labour for many decades.
The United Nations declared the children must
be protected from dangerous work.
Over the past many years many agreements,
which protect the rights of children, have been
signed.

23. CORRUPTION

24. Corruption in India is a major issue that
adversely affects its economy. A study
conducted by Transparency International in year
2005 found that more than 62% of Indians had
firsthand experience of paying bribes or
influence peddling to get jobs done in public
offices successfully

25. 1. It causes widespread bitterness in those
who cannot pay or refuse to pay for favors,
when they see those who do pay being
favored;
2. Corruption also enriches a few corrupt
people at the expense of the majority;
3. It distorts standards when it enables those
who less deserve to reach goals ahead of
those of greater merit.

26. 4. It enables those who pay bribes to obtain
favors and services to which they are not entitled;
5. When bribes are paid to law enforcement
officers, respect for the law and rule of law is
lost;
6. It retards economic development as it shifts
services from the needy or priority areas. It
furthers the social and economic marginalization
of the poor; and if;
7. Allowed to expand unchecked, corruption
erodes political legitimacy to the point where
citizens see little point in following the rules and
might result into political instability.

27. IPC,1860
Prevention of Corruption Act,1988
Prevention of Money Laundering
Act,
2002
Right to Information Act,2005
Central Vigilance Commission Act
Lok Ayukta Acts of States etc.

29. If corruption levels in India were reduced to levels
in developed economies such as Singapore or the
United Kingdom, India's GDP growth rate could
increase at a higher rate annually.
Certain states such as Andhra Pradesh (Andhra
Pradesh Anti-corruption Bureau) and Karnataka
(Lokayukta) also have their own anti-corruption
agencies and courts.

30. Population

31. The human population has been growing
continuously since the end of the Black
Death, around the year 1400, although the
most significant increase has been in the
last 50 years, mainly due to medical
advancements and increases in agricultural
productivity.
As of December 1, 2013 the world's
human population is estimated to be 7.128
billion by the United States Census Bureau,
and over 7 billion by the United Nations.

32. Current Population of India in 2014 1,270,272,105 (1.27 billion)
Total Male Population in India 655,875,026 (655.8 million)
Total Female Population in India 614,397,079 (614.4 million)
Sex Ratio 940 females per 1,000 males
Age structure
0 to 25 years 50% of India's current population
Currently, there are about 51 births in India in a minute.
India's Population in 2012 1.22 billion
India's Population in 2011 1.21 billion

33. Data from World Population:-
Year Population (in
Billion)
1804 1
1927 2
1959 3
1974 4
1987 5
1999 6
2011 7
2020 7.7 (estimate)

34. For the world as a whole, the number of
children born per woman decreased from
5.02 to 2.65 between 1950 and 2005. A
breakdown by region is as follows:
Europe – 2.66 to 1.41
North America – 3.47 to 1.99
Oceania – 3.87 to 2.30
Central America – 6.38 to 2.66
South America – 5.75 to 2.49
Asia (excluding Middle East) – 5.85 to 2.43
Middle East & North Africa – 6.99 to 3.37
Sub-Saharan Africa – 6.7 to 5.53

35. 1.High Inflation Rates.
2.Poor Girl Child Education
3.Poor Infrastructure
4.Balance of Payment Deterioration
5.High Levels of Debts
6.Inequality has risen
7.Large Budget Deficit
8.Rigid Labour Laws

37. The term female
foeticide means killing the
female foetus in the mother's
womb. How cruel? The practice
has been followed in India for
ages, a country that once
described its women as
godessessFor this reason, Indian women will soon get extinct.
Surprised? The most active part is being played by the women
themselves -- why? Just for the mere want of a boy, mothers
don't feel bad in strangulating their daughters in their wombs.
Can anyone be more cruel?
In India, sex ratio stands at a paltry 933:1000, i.e., 67 women
short of every 1,000 males.

40. The general perception is that the
cost of marriage and dowry has gone up and
so daughters have become greater financial
liabilities. The dowry system is invariably
blamed. We are not convinced that dowry
alone is the main cause of female foeticide.
Families that are well-off and do not have to depend on dowry to
augment their income are also opting for female foeticide. The real
reason seems to be the high status of families with several sons and the
low status of families with no sons. Another interesting factor for the
preference for sons is that the prospect of migration of sons to, say the
Gulf or western countries, is much higher for men than for women
(except in special cases such as Kerala from where nurses go all over
the world). GLOBALISATION is thus adding to the miseries of the girl
child.

41. How to stop
female foeticide ?
1.Sex determination tests like
sonography and amniocentesis
should be banned.
2.Legalise sex determination
3.Introduce one-child norm
4.Amend the law
5.Bring change in mindset
6.Punish the guilty
7.Religious bodies should act

42. A number of steps have been taken by the
government and many organizations to abolish the
prevalent social evils. Many laws have been
implemented for the prevention of these acts. But
the common people have a role to play. The first
step towards mitigation is PUBLIC AWARENESS. Each
and every individual must take the oath to do
his/her path in abolishing these evils. The public
should be aware to report of any such incidence on
the respective authority. The victim must raise the
voice and resist such acts. Many other such simple
steps by a society as a whole can mitigate the social
evils and make social life happier