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1. The Hippocampus
By. AAMIR ALI VEESAR
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2.  The hippocampus is the structure in the brain
most closely aligned to memory formation.
 It is important as an early storage place for
long–term memory, and it is involved in the
transition of long–term memory to even more
enduring permanent memory.
 The hippocampus also plays an important
role in spatial navigation.
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3.  In 1985, Clive Wearing, an English conductor, composer,
and musician, contracted viral encephalitis, which caused
extensive damage to the left and right hippocampus.
 Although his intellectual and perceptual abilities are intact,
he has severe memory impairments and has completely
lost the ability to form new declarative memories.
 This causes him to assume he has just awoken from a
coma, writing repetitively in his diary, “I am awake!” The
inability to remember has severely debilitated his life – he
cannot engage in conversation (he forgets the previous
sentence), he cannot go outside alone (he forgets where
he is going or coming from), and he is incapable of
comprehending the events that essentially define his
existence.
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4. • early memory storage
• formation of long–term memory
• spatial navigation
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5.  Classic symptoms of Alzheimer's disease
include memory loss and disorientation both
of which have been strongly associated with
decline in the hippocampus (Scheff and Price,
2006).
 There is also evidence linking hippocampal
atrophy to depression (e.g. Sheline and
colleagues, 2002), bipolar disorder, and
schizophrenia (Weis and colleagues, 2007).
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6. • severe memory impairment
• disorientation
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