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1. The Hypothalamus
By. AAMIR ALI VEESAR
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2.  The hypothalamus regulates a wide range of
behavioral and physiological activities.
 It controls many autonomic functions such as
hunger, thirst, body temperature, and sexual
activity.
 To do this, the hypothalamus integrates
information from many different parts of the
brain and is responsive to a variety of stimuli
including light (it regulates circadian rhythms),
odors (e.g. pheromones), stress, and arousal
(hypothalamic neurons release oxytocin directly
into the bloodstream). Other functions controlled
by the hypothalamus include parenting behavior,
perspiration, blood pressure, and heart rate.
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3.  Self–mutilation is a serious condition with
many causes. Kuhn and colleagues (2008)
describe a patient with severe self–mutilating
behavior that followed traumatic brain injury.
The patient's medical team used deep brain
stimulation of the hypothalamus to
successfully treat these symptoms.
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4. • hunger
• thirst
• body temperature
• sexual activity
• arousal
• parenting
• perspiration
• blood pressure
• heart rate
• shivering
• pupil dilation
• circadian rhythms
• sleep
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5.  The hypothalamus plays a major role in the
body's response to stress and is a
cornerstone of the hypothalamic–pituitary–
adrenal (HPA) axis. It has been strongly
associated with depression and bipolar
disorder, and is also linked with
schizophrenia. Treatment with
antidepressants reduces HPA activity.
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6. • aggression
• chronic stress
• hypothermia
• hypersomnia (excessive sleep)
• lethargy
• self–mutilation
• weight gain/loss
• over/under active sex drive
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