hiee guyes this is swapnil thaware here i uploaded slide for your knowledge if you want more detail msg me on fb or mail i will help you
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This presentation covers:
Basics of Satellite communication
Indian Communication satellites
Satellite link and elements of satellite communication
Frequency bands of satellite communication
Different orbits of satellite communication
Link budget calculations
this presentation is about satellite communication which includes working of gps ,vsat ,frequency bands ,needs of communication satellite ,types of satellite ,working ,orbits ,elements involved in working ,transponder ,satellite control center ,satellite network
hiee guyes this is swapnil thaware here i uploaded slide for your knowledge if you want more detail msg me on fb or mail i will help you
thanking you and slideshare.com
This presentation covers:
Basics of Satellite communication
Indian Communication satellites
Satellite link and elements of satellite communication
Frequency bands of satellite communication
Different orbits of satellite communication
Link budget calculations
this presentation is about satellite communication which includes working of gps ,vsat ,frequency bands ,needs of communication satellite ,types of satellite ,working ,orbits ,elements involved in working ,transponder ,satellite control center ,satellite network
Passive remote sensing is a class of Remote Sensing that make use of Passive Remote Sensors. The sensors are used to detect natural radiations that are emitted by the object or by its surrounding areas. The most common source of energy that is measured by Passive Remote Sensors is “Reflected Sunlight”.
Web Observatories, e-Research and the Importance of Collaboration. WST 2014 Webinar series, 20th March 2014
See Web Science Trust http://webscience.org/
Space telescopes (2/3) - NASA's Active Orbiting SatellitesSteven Belaire
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We built a fully functioning observatory and a hand built telescope so we could share the wonder of the cosmos with thousands of people. Our goal: to get people excited about science, space, and art.
This presentation was given at Rochester Mini Maker Faire in Rochester, New York. November 2014.
What is a satellite?
What is Satellite Communication?
A satellite is a moon, planet or machine that orbits a planet or star. For example, Earth is a satellite .
The word "satellite" refers to a machine that is launched into space and moves around Earth or another body in space.
Earth and the moon are examples of natural satellites. Thousands of artificial, or man-made, satellites orbit Earth.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
The infamous Mallox is the digital Robin Hoods of our time, except they steal from everyone and give to themselves. Since mid-2021, they've been playing hide and seek with unsecured Microsoft SQL servers, encrypting data, and then graciously offering to give it back for a modest Bitcoin donation.
Mallox decided to go shopping for new malware toys, adding the Remcos RAT, BatCloak, and a sprinkle of Metasploit to their collection. They're now playing a game of "Catch me if you can" with antivirus software, using their FUD obfuscator packers to turn their ransomware into the digital equivalent of a ninja.
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This document provides a analysis of the Target Company ransomware group, also known as Smallpox, which has been rapidly evolving since its first identification in June 2021.
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The insights gained from this analysis are crucial for informing defense strategies and enhancing preparedness against such evolving cyber threats.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
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UiPath New York Community Day in-person eventDianaGray10
UiPath Community Day is a unique gathering designed to foster collaboration, learning, and networking with automation enthusiasts. Whether you're an automation developer, business analyst, IT professional, solution architect, CoE lead, practitioner or a student/educator excited about the prospects of artificial intelligence and automation technologies in the United States, then the UiPath Community Day is definitely the place you want to be.
Join UiPath leaders, experts from the industry, and the amazing community members and let's connect over expert sessions, demos and use cases around AI in automation as we highlight our technology with a special speaker on Document Understanding.
📌Agenda
3:00 PM Registrations
3:30 PM Welcome note and Introductions | Corina Gheonea (Senior Director of Global UiPath Community)
4:00 PM Introduction to Document Understanding
How to build and deploy Document Understanding process
Where would Document Understanding be used.
Demo
Q&A
4:45 PM Customer/Partner showcase
Accelirate
Intro to Accelirate and history with UiPath
Why are we excited about the new AI features of UiPath?
Customer highlight
a. Document Understanding – BJs Case Study
b. Document Understanding + generative AI
5.30 PM Networking
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Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
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Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
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- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
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We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
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Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
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Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
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Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
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Learn about:
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• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
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Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
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Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
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2. Contents
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction to Satellites
Major types of Satellites
Working of Satellites
Satellite Communication
Satellite Frequency Bands
Satellite Orbits
Geocentric Orbits
Types of Satellites
Uses and Applications of Satellites
Conclusion
References
2
3. What is satellite?
• Any object that revolves around a larger object in
space is called a satellite.
• A satellite travels in a special path, called its orbit.
Figure 1. Satellite
orbiting the Earth
3
4. Major types of Satellite
1. Natural Satellites
2. Artificial Satellites
Figure 2. Natural Satellite
Figure 3. Artificial Satellite
4
5. Natural Satellites
• There are about 173 known natural satellites orbiting
planets in the Solar System.
• All the planets that revolve around the Sun are Natural
Satellites.
• The Moon is the only Natural Satellite of the Earth.
Figure 4. Earth revolving around Sun
Figure 5. Moon revolving around
Earth
5
6. First Artificial Satellite
• The world's first artificial satellite, the Sputnik 1, was
launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957.
• It's primary purpose was to send back temperatures
of space.
• It was about the size of a basketball, weighed only
183 pounds, and took about 98 minutes to orbit the
Earth on its elliptical path.
Figure 6. The Sputnik 1
6
7. How do Satellites work?
• Two Stations on Earth want to communicate
through radio broadcast but are too far away to
use conventional means.
• The two stations can use a satellite as a relay station
for their communication.
• One Earth Station transmits the signals to the
satellite. Up link frequency is the frequency at which
Ground Station is communicating with Satellite.
• The satellite Transponder converts the signal and
sends it down to the second earth station. This
frequency is called a Downlink frequency.
• The area which receives a signal of useful strength
from the satellite is known as the satellite's footprint.
7
8. Satellite Communication
Advantages:
The advantages of satellite communication over
terrestrial communication are:
• The coverage area of a satellite is greater than that
of a terrestrial system
• Transmission cost of a satellite is independent of the
distance from the center of the coverage area
• Higher Bandwidths are available for use
8
9. Satellite Communication
Cont..
Disadvantages:
The disadvantages of satellite communication are:
• Cost involved in launching satellites into orbit is too
high
• There is a larger propagation delay in satellite
communication than in terrestrial communication
9
12. Satellite Frequency Bands
Cont..
• The three most commonly used satellite frequency
bands are:
1. C-band
2. Ku-band
3. Ka-band
• C-band and Ku-band are the two most common
frequency spectrums used by today's satellites.
• There is an inverse relationship between frequency and
wavelength--when frequency increases, wavelength
decreases and vice versa.
• As wavelength increases (and frequency decreases),
larger antennas (satellite dishes) are necessary to gather
the signal.
12
13. C - Band
•
•
•
C-band satellite transmissions occupy the 4 to 8 GHz frequency
range.
These relatively low frequencies translate to larger wavelengths
than Ku-band or Ka-band.
These larger wavelengths of the C-band mean that a larger
satellite antenna is required to gather the minimum signal
strength, and therefore the minimum size of an average C-band
antenna is approximately 2-3 meters in diameter.
Figure 8.
C – Band Satellite Antenna
13
14. Ku - Band
• Ku-band satellite transmissions occupy the 11 to 17 GHz
frequency range.
• These relatively high frequency transmissions correspond
to shorter wavelengths and therefore a smaller antenna
can be used to receive the minimum signal strength.
• Ku-band antennas can be as small as 18 inches in
diameter.
Figure 9.
Ku – Band Satellite Antenna
14
15. Ka - Band
• Ka-band satellite transmissions occupy the 20 to 30 GHz
frequency range.
• These very high frequency transmissions mean very small
wavelengths and very small diameter receiving
antennas.
Figure 10.
Ka – Band Satellite Antenna
15
17. Geocentric Orbits
A Geocentric orbit involves any object orbiting the
Earth, such as the Moon or artificial satellites.
Figure 12.
Geocentric Orbits
17
20. Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
Satellite Systems
• A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit with an altitude
between 160 kilometers and 2,000 kilometers.
• At 160 km, one revolution takes approximately 90
minutes, and the circular orbital speed is 8,000
meters per second (26,000 ft/s).
• The majority of artificial satellites, have been in LEO.
• Earth observation satellites and spy satellites use
LEO as they are able to see the surface of the Earth
more clearly as they are not so far away.
20
21. LEO Cont..
Advantages:
• better signal strength
• Short propagation delays (10 – 15 msec)
• less of a time delay, which makes it better for point to
point communication
• Low transmission power required
• Low price for satellite and equipment
Disadvantages:
• A network of LEO satellites is needed, which can be
costly
• Small coverage spot
• High system complexity
21
22. Medium Earth Orbit
(MEO) Satellite Systems
• MEO, sometimes called Intermediate Circular Orbit
(ICO), is the region of space around the Earth
above LEO (altitude of 2,000 kilometers) and below
geostationary orbit (altitude of 35,786 kilometres).
• The most common use for satellites in this region is
for navigation, communication, and space
environment science.
• The most common altitude is approximately 20,200
kilometres (12,552 mi)), which yields an orbital
period of 12 hours, as used, for example, by the
Global Positioning System (GPS).
22
23. MEO Cont..
Advantages:
• MEO satellites have a larger coverage area than
LEO satellites.
• fewer satellites are needed in a MEO network than
a LEO network.
Disadvantages:
• A MEO satellite’s distance gives it a longer time
delay and weaker signal than a LEO satellite,
though not as bad as a GEO satellite.
23
24. Geo-Synchronous Orbit
(GSO) Satellite Systems
• A geosynchronous orbit (GSO) is an orbit around the
Earth with an orbital period of one sidereal day
(approximately 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds),
matching the Earth's sidereal rotation period.
• When an object is in a geosynchronous orbit it means
that it is traveling around the Earth at the same speed
that the Earth is rotating.
• To someone on the Earth, the object will always appear
in the same region in the sky but it might move slightly
north or south.
• Sidereal day: The time for one complete rotation of the
earth relative to a particular star, about 4 minutes shorter
than a mean solar day.
24
25. Geostationary Earth Orbit
(GEO) Satellite Systems
• A geostationary orbit is a special type of
geosynchronous orbit.
• When an object is in geostationary orbit, it is orbiting at
the same speed as the Earth rotates, but it orbits around
the equator.
• From the Earth’s surface, an object in a geostationary
orbit looks like it is not moving at all.
• GEO is a circular orbit about 35,786 kilometres (22,236
mi) above the Earth's equator.
• Communications satellites and weather satellites are
often given geostationary orbits, so that the satellite
antennas that communicate with them do not have to
move to track them, but can be pointed permanently at
the position in the sky where they stay.
25
27. GEO Cont..
Advantages:
• A GEO satellite’s distance from earth gives it a large
coverage area, almost a fourth of the earth’s surface.
• GEO satellites have a 24 hour view of a particular area.
• These factors make it ideal for satellite broadcast and
other multipoint applications.
Disadvantages:
• A GEO satellite’s distance also cause it to have both a
comparatively weak signal and a time delay in the
signal, which is bad for point to point communication.
• GEO satellites, centered above the equator, have
difficulty in broadcasting signals near polar regions
27
28. GEO Cont..
• Only 3 satellites in Geostationary orbit can coveer
the entire globe.
Figure 15.
Tri state satellite system
28
29. High Earth Orbit (HEO)
Satellite Systems
• A high Earth orbit is a geocentric orbit with an
altitude entirely above that of a geosynchronous
orbit (35,786 kilometres (22,236 mi))
• Not widely used.
29
30. Types of Satellites & their
Uses
Astronomy satellites
• An astronomy satellite is basically a really
big telescope floating in space.
• Used for space observation.
•
•
Figure 16. Astronomy Satellite
30
31. Types of Satellites & their
Uses Cont..
Atmospheric studies satellites
• Used to study the Earth’s atmosphere.
•
•
Figure 17. Atmospheric
studies Satellite
31
32. Types of Satellites & their
Uses Cont..
Communication satellites
• Communications satellites allow radio, television,
and telephone transmissions to be sent live
anywhere in the world.
•
•
Figure 18.
Communication Satellite
32
33. Types of Satellites & their
Uses Cont..
Navigation satellites
• Use to determine location of any object.
• The GPS system is the first core element of the satellite
navigation system widely available to civilian users.
Figure 19. Navigation Satellite
33
34. Types of Satellites & their
Uses Cont..
Weather satellites
• Used to find out the weather anywhere in the world
any time of the day.
• Weather forecasting is done by using the Weather
Satellites.
Figure 20. Weather Satellite
34
35. Conclusion
• Satellites are most widely used in almost every field.
• Today most of the advancement in various
technologies are due to the satellite systems.
35