Denise Gareau - Enabling Fund for Official Language Minority Communities
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Denise Gareau - Enabling Fund for Official Language Minority Communities
- 1. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO1 NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO Enabling Fund for Official Language Minority Communities Local Level Information Strategy
- 2. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO2 Canada’s linguistic duality Two official languages • French the official language minority 7.7 million, of which 1 million live outside Quebec in geographically dispersed communities • English the minority language in Quebec 1 million
- 3. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO3 Strong Government of Canada commitment to Official Language Minorities (OLMs) The Enabling Fund (EF) for Official Language Minority Communities (OLMCs) supports communities in addressing their labour market needs • Objective: Enhance vitality through economic and workforce development and work towards common goals • Supports: 14 organizations providing local leadership, promoting partnerships, implementing projects, filling gaps in services, and leveraging networks – One per province/territory plus national umbrella organization • Moving forward: Increase emphasis on providing locally relevant information, strengthening self-assessment capacity and diversifying funding sources
- 4. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO4 …including community development Canada’s two official languages are part of our history and our national identity - they help define who we are as Canadians • Roadmap for Canada's Official Languages 2013-2018 outlines Government's major policy directions – Three key areas: Education, Immigration, Communities – Comprehensive initiative reaffirms commitment to linguistic duality – Invests in 30 measures delivered by 15 federal departments and agencies – Builds on progress • Complements other actions
- 5. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO5 Challenges to vitality for OLMCs
- 6. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO6 Local level analysis key to understand OLM needs • National / regional picture fails to capture needs – local lens required • Difficult to get local level data on small populations
- 7. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO7 What we did to get the information • A five year the EF collaboration with Statistics Canada: – Innovative ways to embed within existing datasets, link data – New methodologies based on research from the OECD LEED amongst others – Development of tools employing the latest in mapping and data visualization • Our Objective: Better understand the local labour market conditions in OLMCs, to support local organizations in identifying needs and opportunities for economic and workforce development
- 8. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO8 What we did – Key steps • Define Labour Market Areas - a new geography based on commuting patterns • Display data - visualization techniques • Assess the balance between skills supply and demand – Skills Equilibrium • Add measure to assess economic health of labour market areas - Economic Performance Index – a compound measure to assess the economic health of labour market areas • Disseminate in a self-serve format - online mapping applications
- 9. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO9 Define Local Labour Market Areas (LMAs)
- 10. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO10 Display local-level labour market area LMI Through mapping interface charts and graphs can be generated to examine indicators of interest for specific LMAs
- 11. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO11 • Skills demand measured by combining average employment income and percentage of people employed in medium-to high-skilled jobs • Skills supply measured by the percentage of the population having a post- secondary education (university certificate, diploma or degree) The Skills Equilibrium Model Skills Deficit- demand for high-skills is met by a supply of low-skills Low Skills Trap – demand of low-skills Is met with supply of low-skills High Skills Equilibrium– demand for high-skills is met with an equal supply of high-skills Skills Surplus– Demand for low-skills is met with supply of high-skills
- 12. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO12 Apply the Skills Equilibrium • OECD LEED Skills for Competitiveness Study (Giguère & Froy, 2009) developed methodology to assess the degree of match or equilibrium between supply and demand for skills – High Skills Equilibrium optimal • Investment in skills upgrading must be accompanied by stimulation of local demand for these skills, encouraging local enterprises to increase their productivity and raise competitiveness • Skills analysis was undertaken for all of Canada’s LMAs…
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- 14. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO14 Add an Economic Performance Index • Objective: Develop a means to measure and compare the economic health of LMAs across Canada to support identification of disadvantaged areas for targeting program resources • Factors in development of the Index: – Consult and work with experts to determine indicators – Base Indicators on vetted index measures or concepts – Ensure relevance by use of data sources which can be updated yearly – Improve data quality through new approaches such as small-area estimation
- 15. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO15 Disseminate local level information • Spatial aspect of information meant that dissemination needed strong visualization components to allow users to zoom into and interact with areas of interest, and query data layers • Two options pursued: Community Information Database (an existing government website) and Open Source web mapping application
- 16. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO16 • Developed to provide communities, researchers and governments with socio-economic and demographic data on Canadian communities • We updated with three Census years of historically comparable information with variables broken down by linguistic minority and majority groups
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- 24. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO24 In-house, low-cost solution • Developed an in-house solution based on open source software • Advantages: – No costs to developers or users – More sustainable in the long term – Greater flexibility to meet future identified needs – Department can add internal administrative datasets not be possible for applications housed on an external server
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- 26. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO26 Case study - New Brunswick • 17th century settlers from France • Displaced after British victory in Seven Years War • Later returned, descendants across Louisiana, Franca, Atlantic provinces
- 27. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO27 New Brunswick OLMC culture vital But there are challenges: • More than 70% of NB’s Francophone population lives rural areas with economy largely based on resource industries - mining, forestry, peat and fisheries – Like many resource-oriented regions, dealing with structural changes and serious economic difficulties • Weak labour market forcing graduates and skilled workers to leave – Consequently, businesses facing shortage of skilled workers
- 28. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO28 RDEE New Brunswick 2014-2015 Activities overlayed with OLM population percentage
- 29. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO29 RDEE New Brunswick 2014-2015 Youth Activities overlayed with 15-30 unemployment rates
- 30. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO30 RDEE New Brunswick 2014-2015 Youth Activity in Tracadie-Sheila Project was to continue the development of cooperative entrepreneurship initiatives among young people, educational and summer business workshops that offer practical experience of the cooperative model.
- 31. NOW AND TOMORROW EXCELLENCE IN EVERYTHING WE DO31 Next steps • Support Statistics Canada working to make these local labour market areas a standard geography • Continue work on the development of dissemination tools • Begin to use data and tools to direct and inform our programs
Editor's Notes
- 23 % of Canadian population are Francophones English speaking minority population in Quebec represents 3% of the province’s population 23% This map shows the distribution and concentration of these two official language minority populations (OLMC) by province. Pockets of population are distributed across the country. Even in those provinces and territories where you do not see purple dots there are small OLMC populations but the concentrations are too low to appear on the map. The greater concentrations are in New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec. In fact 50% of the French speaking minority population outside Quebec are located in New Brunswick and Ontario. 80% of the English-speaking minority of Quebec lives in Montreal.
- The EF provides $12M annually distributed between 14 organizations. This funds the core operations of organizations including more than 130 community economic development officers active in over 50 communities across Canada. These organizations in turn leverage resources for projects and activities from a variety of sources and mobilize their respective communities to participate in community economic development initiatives. The success of these organizations is largely due to the dedication of their Boards of Directors. Board members are volunteers many of whom are business leaders in their communities. Their buy-in is key to making things happen. Organizations also engage the broader communities to participate in economic development processes. They are uniquely placed serving as workforce intermediaries able to influence both the demand and supply-sides of development. This broad participation improves the community not only in terms of economic development but also a strong functioning community in itself. In addition to engagement and community planning, the organizations fill gaps in services and support workers looking for jobs. While the organizations work primarily on local issues they also draw on each other to develop projects across provincial boarders. The fact that these organizations operate as a network has allowed for national projects and the development of business and trade relationships between OLMC businesses. Moving forward organizations need better information to respond to evolving needs – in addition they need evidence to demonstrate impact of their interventions in communities.
- British North America Act 1867 – During Confederation debates, John A. Macdonald (Canada’s first PM) responded to a question about the status of French in the new political arrangement that was being developed. He said that “the use of the French language should form one of the principles on which the Confederation should be established”. Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism 1960s – under Lester B Pearson to "inquire into and report upon the existing state of bilingualism and biculturalism in Canada and to recommend what steps should be taken to develop an equal partnership between the two founding races, taking into account the contribution made by the other ethnic groups to the cultural enrichment of Canada and the measures that should be taken to safeguard that contribution". Was seen as an important measure to quell the rise of the Quebec secessionist movement. Education is one of the key policy areas for action identified by the Commission. Official Languages Act (OLA) 1969 - The adoption of the 1969 Official Languages Act marks a clear watershed in public policy towards Francophone communities throughout Canada. For the first time, the federal government took an active role in supporting the development and vitality of Francophone communities. An amendment to the OLA in 2005 made the Act stronger by requiring that each federal department take positive measures to ensure that the needs of OLMCs are being met. Charter of Rights and Freedoms - 1982 Despite the egalitarian promise of subsection 15(1), other, more substantial, guarantees are put in place so that religious, linguistic or ethnic minority are placed on an equal footing with the majority - when its members are not discriminated against because of their membership in that minority - only "formal" or "abstract" equality is achieved. "Material" or "genuine“ equality results from the recognition that minority and majority are obviously not in comparable situations and that the same treatment applied to different situations inevitably produces inequality. "Formal" equality implies that a minority is served by the cultural, religious and educational institutions of the majority. This integration into the cultural mainstream, however, would mean a rapid disintegration of all those distinctive features which make up a minority people. It would thus lead to assimilation. The Charter contains a section guaranteeing members of the francophone and anglophone minorities the right to have their children educated out of public funds in their respective language at elementary and secondary. Le plan d’Action 2003-2008– First horizontal federal strategy for the preservation of linguistic duality under the former Liberal Govt Roadmap for Canada’s Linguistic Duality 2008-2013 – Conservative government’s horizontal federal strategy which increased investment to an unprecedented 1.1 B over 5 years. Key pillars were ensuring access to minority language schools, justice, health and economic development. Roadmap 2008-13 - This past March the Government of Canada renewed the Roadmap with the same level of investment. The new strategy builds on progress and for OLMCs but increases the focus on immigrants having opportunities to learn one of Canada’s Official Languages. This reflects the changing face of OLMCs. These measures have led to significant progress for OLMCs – for examples: Students able to study in their own language Enrolment increase in immersion schools New healthcare training programs in French 170 new points of service for French-speaking immigrants Seven provinces now offer legal services in both official languages
- VITALITY is —A community’s ability to take charge of its development that has local capacity and dynamic leadership. Both French and English speaking minorities are concerned with the vitality – some issues are similar but others are unique to each language group. French-speaking minorities: Have troubling issues related to language transfer to English. Transfer has increased by more than 10% since 1971. Also over exposed to English language media and culture which has lead to cultural assimilation. Canada’s French speaking population is ageing faster than the national average (CLICK on icon which takes you to table with pyramid on slide 19) Both Groups: Retaining youth is an issue for both English and French-speaking minority communities – particularly in smaller, rural and remote settings. These populations are also ageing in part because of an outmigration of youth. On the Francophone side exacerbated by fewer parents transferring their language to their children. “French Canada” solidarity implied but largely fragmented identities. English-speaking minorities are concerned with preserving their institutions and having a sense of belonging to the community. In Quebec, there are a range of measures in place to protect the French language and culture. They are a minority within a minority. Differences within minority groups: There are considerable differences within each group. For example, in Ontario, there are notable differences between urban and rural Francophones. In Toronto 41% of Francophones are university graduates while 34% of those in the North of the province do not even have a high school diploma.
- Partner was Statistics Canada Centre for Special Business Projects
- Based on a methodology developed by Bond and Coombes (2007), Statistics Canada applied this clustering procedure based on the reciprocal flows of commuters from the 2011 National Household Survey. Technically known as “self-contained labour areas,” these local labour market areas reflect groupings of CSDs based on commuting flows of the employed labour force. In other words, the movement of people from their place of residence to their place of work. For information on the methodology: Munro, Anne, Alessandro Alasia and Ray D. Bollman. Self-contained labour areas: A proposed delineation and classification by degree of rurality. Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 21-006-X, Vol. 8, No. 8 (December 2011).
- It is important to note that the SLAs in the higher skills quadrant represent about 90% of the total population, the skills gaps and shortages quadrant represent about 2%, the skills surplus quadrant represent about 4%, and the lower skills equilibrium quadrant represent about 3%. Note that scores were only available for 303 of the 329 labour market areas. 118 are High Skilled 88 are Low Skilled 52 are Skill Gap 45 are Skills Surplus Of the 22 SLAs with a strong presence of OLM individuals, 8 are located in the lower equilibrium quadrant, 4 in the higher equilibrium quadrant; 4 in the quadrant indicating potential skills gaps, and 6 in the quadrant indicating a potential skills surplus. Of the 25 moderate OLM intensity SLAs, 12 of them fall into the higher skill equilibrium quadrant, 5 in the lower skill equilibrium quadrant, 5 in the quadrant denoting a potential skills surplus, and 3 in the skills gap quadrant.
- SAE of survey data down to small area level has become an increasingly widespread activity as scholars and policy-makers have sought to gain ever more detailed spatial information to better target interventions or resources and to evaluate local policy impacts. The Skills Equilibrium measures the skills supply score based on the proportion of university graduates and the demand score based on the average employment income and the proportion of individuals holding managerial or professional positions. The results of this analysis have provided insight that should be relevant in developing local skills development strategies for a given labour market area. The Index is a complementary piece to the Skills Equilibrium as it allows us to look at those areas falling in a given quadrant and understand the context behind why they are ranking in a given quadrant. So for example, we’ve learnt that all the labour market areas in the skills gap quadrant are resource depend based on the analysis we have from the Economic Performance Index as the index looks at industry composition
- The Community Information Database (CID) is a free internet-based resource developed to provide communities, researchers and governments with access to consistent and reliable socio-economic and demographic data and information for all communities across Canada. The CID was developed by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (Rural Secretariat) and is now managed by Industry Canada. The CID provides the following: Displays large range of demographic and economic indicators based on seven themes (i.e. population, urban rural typology, resource reliance, health, households, housing, establishments) through interactive maps, tables and charts Displays data changes over time at the community level Provides the capacity to compare communities across Canada Provides the capacity to import additional datasets from external servers to make them accessible for mapping Allows for mash-ups between satellite images and CID datasets Generates different types of reports based on a geographic selection CID has been used to: Support users with their planning and decision making activities Develop community economic analysis processes Economic and cultural overviews and assessments Program development The image you see here is the first page of the site and you will see that there are three main options. You can start mapping, generate a community profile, or use a map wizard to help you. You can also go directly to the data if you want simply to extract information from the site for the purpose of doing your own analysis or calculations.
- Using the mapping technology from GeoClip, the CID allows the user to visualize data on a map. The image that you see here is the default image that appears when you click on start mapping. This image shows Canada’s population change from 2006 to 2011 at the community level for Canada. The blue coloured portions are where there has been decline in population where are the red shows where there has been growth.
- Here we’ve zoomed in around the province of Ontario and Quebec. We see that most communities that experienced overall population growth over the last 5 years have been in the cities like Ottawa, and Toronto while those more rural communities of Ontario have seen a decline which is happening in most of Canada’s small rural communities.
- You can change the geography and the indicators as you like by selecting add another indicator. I just want to point out that in terms of geography, the indicators are available at the following levels: economic region, labour market areas, census division and community level. We have just recently completed updating the site with over 600 indicators covering themes such as income, education, labour force activity. In each of these themes, information can be broken down by age, sex etc. 600 indicators is a lot but that number doesn’t even reflect the full extent of the work. For all the indicators, work was done to generate comparable information for three Census years. Which means that when querying one community the information provided for the other years is based on the same geographic bounds to allow for comparison. In addition, we took this opportunity to generate information for all indicators, when possible, by first official language. As you see on the second image of this slide, the user can select the unemployment rate for females 15-24 by Total, Linguistic majority or OLM. This provides the user with a lot of analytical power to really get down at the local level and compare how different groups are doing relative to each other allowing for better assessment of needs and targeting of activities.
- So if I select from the unemployment rate for females 15-24 total at the community level as seen in the last slide the site will generate the information on the map. Now we see the information thematically mapped to allow us to clearly see hot spots for where this particular group is most disadvantaged. We can also zoom in and out just as we did with the population change map and click on different communities to get the exact unemployment rate information.
- You can also go directly to the data. The site allows you to tailor your selection based on geography, year and indicator. Once you have the selected data that you want to see you can download the information as an excel or csv file. This is great as it allows the user to tailor the data (and there is a lot of it!) before exporting it.
- You can also generate community profiles based on a list of pre set indicators such as population, income, education. Here we see on the left a profile for Ottawa with information on Median Income broken down by gender and another one showing educational attainment. The site provides information to view how Ottawa is doing compared to other cities (peer group) and the province itself.
- While the CID is a great tool we also decided to pursue the development of an in-house tool. The advantage of this tool is that it was based on open source and therefore no cost to develop and therefore more sustainable long term. It also provides more flexibility to meet future needs of the department etc but I should also stress that going this route requires you have someone on staff that can programme such an application.
- Here is a screen shot of the application that was developed by one of my staff. It’s very basic but that’s what makes it great because it’s so user friendly. This site has similar mapping functionality to the CID. You can zoom in and out and query the layer. This image shows the OLM percentage population in Canada. We can see where we have concentrations of OLM and thus where we should be targeting our efforts. The idea behind this application it to start adding administrative data in order to help programs better target resources. The EF is the first one to start using the app in this way. We have begun to add our recipient organizations activity information on the site.
- The settlers whose descendants became Acadians came from many areas in France, regions such as Île de France, Normandy, Brittany, Poitou and Aquitaine. The Acadians and Québécois developed two distinct histories and cultures. They also developed a slightly different French language. Acadians managed to achieve a reasonable level of prosperity. Situated between New England and New France, Acadie constituted a strategic territory for both Britain and France. During the Seven Years War (1756-63), British colonial officers suspected that the Acadians were aiding the French. The British then carried out the Great Expulsion of 1755-64, deporting approximately 11,500 Acadians from the maritime region. Many Acadians migrated to current Louisiana state, where they developed Cajun culture. Others were transported to France. Later on, many Acadians returned to the Maritime provinces of Canada, most specifically New Brunswick . Acadians were barred by the British from resettling their lands and villages in Nova Scotia. Acadians speak a dialect of French called Acadian French. Those living in the Moncton, New Brunswick area speak Chiac and English. The Louisiana Cajun descendants speak a dialect of American English called Cajun English, with several also speaking Cajun French. 3,000 Acadians who had been deported traveled from France to settle in Louisiana (Cajun) but most of today's Acadians live in New Brunswick.
- So here we see the same map as before but zoomed into the province of New Brunswick. And we have added through a selection menu that appears on the side of the application the RDEE N.B. activities for 2014-2015. If we look at this map carefully, we can see that the activities of the RDEE are very much focused in the labour market areas where the concentrations of the OLM population are greatest which is in the northern portion of N.B. So we know that the RDEEs are really targeting their activities to the right locations in the province which is a good thing
- All these activities are broken down by theme so if we are interested in looking at something like Youth activities we can select the Youth theme and it will display the projects that the RDEE did only for youth. This map shows the youth activities overlaid with the unemployment rate for those aged 15-30. Looking at this map we see that the majority of their youth activities are concentrated in those labour market areas that have higher youth unemployment rates. Again this is a good thing
- The points on the map are also a source of information. We can click on a point and obtain information that’s been provided to us on this particular activity. This particular activity was to continue the development of cooperative entrepreneurship initiatives among young people, educational and summer business workshops that offer practical experience of the cooperative model. We can see the target group was youth and there were 12 participants and that the results showed it had great potential for development of youth. We will continue to work with our organizations to add more information to these project points that will help us to do more analysis and tracking over time.
- The work that we’ve been doing has significantly impacted and shaped the department’s thinking on how we should be generating information on labour market areas and how it should be disseminated. As a result, the department is funding Statistics Canada to develop an official standard geography that will represent Canada’s labour market areas and release statistics at that level from them various data sources. We also plan to continue to work on tools to disseminate this information. In our most recent data efforts, we have obtained data for our Directorate’s target populations (i.e. older workers, youth, OLM, persons with disabilities) at the labour market area level and local level which we plan to add to our in-house mapping application. This is to move forward our efforts to better target funding. The hope is to develop something similar to what Ireland did with Pobal.