done for no proffessional use, just an amateur attempt.... a presentation by: muthuraman yuvaraj nachiappan murugananadam

1. Had you had a wish that… The science fiction stories become true in your real life? You turn into a Lizard in features? You become a T600 prototype?

2. BIOMECHATRONICS

3. CONTENTS EXORDIUM SCOPE NEURAL PROSTHETICS- A SPECIAL FOCUS BIOMIMETICS

4. DR. HUGH HERR Associate Professor, MIT-Harvard Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyDirector of the Biomechatronics Group

5. WHAT IS BIOMECHATRONICS? The merging of man with machine. Interdisciplinary field encompassing biology, neurosciences, mechanics, electronics and robotics

6. ORTHOTICS ORTHOSES Instruments applied to the human body to align, support, or correct deformities, or to improve the movement of joints, spine, or limbs. FLAT FOOT phenomenon External

7. REASONS Severe injury , disease or cancer can sometimes damage portions of the body beyond their capacity to regenerate or heal. TISSUE DEATH > LACK OF BLOOD FLOW SURGERY AMPUTATION

8. DEVICES Artificial components designed to replace a part of the human body that is missing, either due to accident or a birth defect Prosthetic Limbs Prosthetic Makeup Dentures PROSTHETICS

9. NEURAL PROSTHETICS

10. RESEARCH IN Design- Complex finer movements Interfacing with the nervous system (implantable electrodes in brain and muscle, surface galvanic electrodes on skin) Living muscle tissue as actuators for electronic devices

11. Acts as a translator between biological and electronic systems Monitors the movements of the biomechatronic device COMPONENTS 1. CONTROLLER

12. 2. BIOSENSOR sensitive biological element the transducer or the detector element associated electronics or signal processors EG: BLOOD GLUCOSE level, detecting pathogens in food,…

13. 3.ULTRASONIC MOTOR

14. 4. SIEVE IC ELECTRODE Dorsiflexor muscles

15. CONTRAST WITH Neural prosthetics: Using artificial devices to replace the function of impaired nervous systems or sensory organs Nervous system device BCI: Brain (or nervous system) computer system External BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE

16. BIOMIMETICS Branch of study which focuses on using nature as an inspiration to solve problems faced by the humans on Earth. Heavy focus on sustainability, efficiency, and rethinking the way that we do things

17. Prosthetics – Case study Visual Limb

18. Visual Prosthetics

19. Cornea - Scattered light from the object enters Iris - The light is projected onto the retina. Retina - sends info to the brain thro optic nerve(has rods, cones & ganglion cells) The brain interprets what the object is. How we see?

20. Gene and Drug therapy Transplantation Prosthetics Stem cell technology Possible methods for second sight

21. Principle of visual prosthetics Replicating the biological function using electronic devices. Components: A digital camera (in glasses) A video-processing microchip (hand held unit) A radio transmitter (in glasses) A Radio receiver (near the ear or under eye) A retinal implant

22. The Electronic system

23. Process of Implantation Step 1: Three tiny incisions in the white part of the eye. Step 2:Removing the gel from the eye Step 3:A portion of the retina is lifted up Step 4:The device is implanted in the socket created

25. The process in detail

26. Types of prosthetics Cortical Prosthesis Retinal Prostheses Optic Nerve Prosthesis Sensory Substitution Devices Hybrid retinal implant

28. The brain interprets the scene.

31. current limit

32. heat produced

33. electrode array arrangementMyths and facts

35. external battery

37. LIMB PROSTHETICS

38. WHAT IS ARM PROSTHETICS?? An arm prosthetic is a replacement for a missing arm. Missing arm may be congenital or traumatic. TYPES: Lower Extremity Prosthetics Upper Extremity Prosthetics

40. myoelectric legs. 2.trans-femural (any amputation transecting the femur bone or a congenital anomaly resulting in a femural deficiency). Known as above knee Prosthetics/

41. LOWER EXTREMITY PROSTHETICS Trans femural Trans Tibial

42. BASIC COMPONENTS OF CABLE OPERATED PROSTHETIC LEG Pylon -Internal frame or skeleton of the prosthetic limb. Sockets The interface between the residual limb and the prosthesis.

43. BASIC COMPONENTS OF CABLE OPERATED PROSTHETIC LEG Suspension System Holds the socket on your residual limb

45. myoelectric arms. Transhumeral Prosthesis Replaces an arm missing above the elbow.

46. PARTS OF BIOLOGICAL HAND Sensory neurons Motor neurons Receptors Interneurons

47. BIOLOGICAL HAND Impulses sent from brain Muscles contract Nerve cells in the skin sense the impulse Once it receives the signal it sends the appropriate signal, to complete the task.

48. i-LIMB A MYOELECTRIC PROSTHETIC

49. PARTS OF AN i-LIMB Electrode Controller Actuator Sensors Biosensor Mechanical Sensor

50. i-LIMB Electrical signals sent to the muscles from the brain. Electrodes pick up the electrical signals. The signal sent to the controller. The controller then sends a signal to the actuator which acts as an artificial muscle. The biosensors and mechanical sensors relay information about the limb and its surroundings back to the controller which sends the information to the brain.

51. i-LIMB – How it works?

52. The i-LIMB hand is the future of neural artificial hands. The hand not only is the most versatile in functionality, but also the most cosmetically appealing. Unlike other artificial hands, the i-LIMB hand features individually controlled digits (fingers and thumb). Each finger base has an individually powered motor, allowing for increased precision and dexterity. This allows the device to operate using several different grips, instead of just “open” or “closed.”

54. DIFFERENT MOVEMENTS Key Grip . Power Grip

55. DIFFERENT MOVEMENTS Precision Grip Index Point

56. LIVING SKIN The i-LIMB skin is “a thin layer of semi-transparent material that has been computer-modeled to accurately wrap to every contour of the hand.” The High Definition Cosmesis. The skin also provides a grip surface for the i-LIMB and a sealant to protect the device from the elements. The LIVINGSKIN can be customized to the most minute details, including moles, freckles, hair, and skin tone

58. Person With Pen drive fitted to his ring finger of his i-limb

59. Titanium Rod is attached to the bionic arm of the patient

60. FACTORS PULLING BACK MYOELECTRIC PROSTHETICS Cost Electrodes used Computing Issues Portable Energy Sustainability

61. TECHNOLOGYOF THE FUTURE Sense of Feeling

62. BIOMIMETICS

66. Mimicking mechanisms found in nature such as Velcro and "Gecko tape"

68. swims into narrow crevices.

70. Tail> soft-clay.

73. vacuum formed shell of polycarbonate.

74. It was sanded down until it reached a desired size and shape.

75. A sheet of polycarbonate plastic was heated

76. The tail and head are each bonded to two interfacing ABS flanges, and the flanges are screwed together

78. An additional gear assembly for each servo.

82. Designed specifically for the 68HC11 and HC12 chipsThe program perform three main functions: 1)move the tail servos in the correct pattern to produce forward and turning movements, 2) to sense objects in the water using sonar, and 3) avoid any objects in the water

84. the same transducer can then act as a microphone , using an analog switch IC.

85. The transducer converts this echo back into a sinusoidal voltage.

86. The echo signal is passed though an analogband-pass nfilter.

89. If an echo is heard before the next TOF, the distance is calculated.

92. When wall thickness is high, low-torque servos are used

93. The sonar system used was very simple and allowed for distance sensing only.

94. The fish is simply programmed to always turn right

95. Mercedes-Benz bionic car

96. the bionic bone structure

98. It’s quite possible to apply it into communication devices.

99. Brings the new conception of the mobile electronic communication devices

100. BIBLIOGRAPHY: www.mit.edu www.biomimeticmicroelectronicsystems.com www.howstuffworks.com www.wisegeek.com

101. THANK YOU