Gender research update in Ethiopia
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Presented by Annet A. Mulema at the Livestock and Fish Gender Team Meeting, Ascoli Piceno, Italy, 15-16 September 2014
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Gender research update in Ethiopia
- 1. Gender research update in Ethiopia Annet A. Mulema Livestock and Fish Gender Team Meeting Ascoli Piceno, Italy, 15-16 September 2014
- 2. Presentation outline • Achievements • Planned activities 2014-2016
- 3. Where we are/achievements • Conducted three gender strategic studies 1. Cross country study on resource ownership (Ethiopia, Tanzania and Nicaragua Objectives • To generate an understanding of how women and men in different contexts understand, perceive or define the term ‘resource ownership’ with a focus on livestock. • To establish the relationship between the meanings attached to resource ownership and food security. Output • Journal article: “Exploring gender perceptions of resource ownership and their implications on food security in Tanzania, Ethiopia and Nicaragua”
- 4. Achievements… 2. Gender analysis of the Small Ruminant Value Chain Objectives – Document women’ and men’s participation along the value chain. – Identify already existing opportunities that have the potential to change gender norms that inhibit the range and quality of women’s engagement in target value chains. – Document the distribution and consumption of meat and milk in poor households.
- 5. Gender analysis of the SRV… Outputs • Working document: “A review of Ethiopia small ruminant values from a gender perspective” • Journal article: “Constraints and opportunities to women’s access and control over resources in the Ethiopia SRVC” • Presentation at the International Association for Feminist Economist Annual meeting, Ghana, June 2014
- 6. Achievements… 3. Assessment of Safe Food Fair Food in Ethiopia small ruminant value chains from a gender perspective Objectives – Determine how gender roles, food safety and animal health affect exposures to health risks. – Determine how gender norms and cultural factors affect women’s consumption of milk and meat. – Identify existing opportunities that have the potential to change gender norms and culture that inhibit women’s consumption of meat and milk. Output Working document: “A review of Safe Food Fair Food in the Ethiopia small ruminant value chains from a gender perspective”
- 7. Achievements… • Community profiles – Generated profiles of communities in Atsbi, Borana, Horro and Menz: • Daily activity clocks, seasonal calendars, activity profile, access to and control resources • Rapid assessment of gender relations in sheep fattening • Gender capacity building of staff conducted (Aug 18- 20, 2014)
- 9. Gender integrated research • Conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the community-based sheep breeding program from a gender perspective • Explore gender relations in sheep fattening • Partnership landscaping • Investigation of the health risks associated with gender roles and consumption of ASFs • Plan to explore more areas of intervention with KIT
- 10. Gender strategic research • Gender analysis of the benchmarking data • Generate community profiles for the remaining sites • Activity clocks, seasonal calendars, access to and control of resources • Introduction of labor saving milk processing technologies • Exploratory studies • Conduct a more in-depth study on perceptions of resource ownership • Contribute to the global cross CRP gender study on “Gender, Norms and Agency” • Explore implications of the land reform policy on women’s access to and control of resources
- 11. CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish livestockfish.cgiar.org CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.
Editor's Notes
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- Objectives: • To Review the small ruminant value chain rapid assessment results from gender perspective and document women’s participation along the value chain. • To identify already existing opportunities that have the potential to change gender norms that inhibits the range and quality of women’s engagement in target value chains. • To document the distribution and consumption pattern of meat and milk in poor households and the factors which hinder women’s consumption of meat and milk. Methodology: Desk reviews and the SRVC rapid assessment reports and empirical evidence Interviewed researchers from Abergelle Amhara and Tigray, Menz, Horro, Doyogena, Yabello The paper presents: gender roles along the value chain, access to and control of resources, decision making, and enabling and constraining factors Results: women mostly engaged in production roles and less in the supply and marketing nodes Gendered constraints – use the community capitals framework to analyze data Limited access to labour saving tool due to limited human capital and built capital Limited access to production resources due to cultural capital (an opportunity), low social capital (bridging and linking social capital Limited access to markets and market information (low social capital- bridging, and constraining norms) Limited access to credit (low social capital) Limited access to extension and veterinary services (due to local bridging of social capita)
- Aim of study: To identify the gender information gaps in reference to intra-household consumptions of ASFs, food safety and animal health from gender perspectives Results men have other alternative modes of access to and consumption of small ruminant meat products e.g. in hotels and restaurants in nearby towns. According to the information from the interview, an exception exists in Yabello where women, like men, consume meat products in restaurants or hotels of nearby towns. This was attributed to the fact that there are no perceptions or gender norms that restrict women from consuming meat products in restaurants or hotels. wealth level plays a vital role for the availability and accessibility of ASFs for household consumption. Women and girls in Abergelle not allowed to consume whole milk Respondents replied that both men and women understand some basic issues associated with food safety and nutritional aspects of ASFs where both smallholder farmers and pastoralists mostly consume ASFs after cooking. women are mostly responsible for washing the meat, chopping, smoking and storing ASFs after slaughtering. Here, the extent to which women are likely to be exposed to health risks, in reference to these gender roles, would be an ideal area of investigation. Future research health risks associated with gender roles and consumption of ASFs. How household size and sex of children influences consumption of ASF There is a vulnerability exposure to animal-borne diseases as their perceptions and decisions on consuming safe meat and milk products is subjected to their perceptions of animal health based on external signs of sickness. In other words, it implies that they might slaughter sick animals for consumption in situations where there are animal diseases beyond their levels of understanding. Policy implications