1. Objective 1: Improve groundnut
productivity for marginal environments
from Sub-Saharan Africa
EMBRAPA- UGA – ICRISAT – ISRA-Senegal – CIRAD –
Malawi Nat. Prog. – Tanzania Nat. Prog

2. Activity 1
Confirm disease/drought resistance/tolerance sources –
Assess new diversity
Milestone 1 Confirmation of disease resistance and drought tolerance of at least 10 new
genotypes
Milestone 2 Two new sources of disease resistance - new genetic material for breeding
(either CSSL, AB line, synthetics)
Milestone 4 Pre-breeding material incorporating wild favourable alleles for future MARS.
Milestone 5 8 available synthetics tested for disease resistance; 1–2 AB-QTL populations
with one synthetic amphidiploids.
Milestone 6 Database of phenotyping data for drought /
knowledge of key traits for drought adaptation.
Milestone 7 A sub-set of 10 tolerant lines for TLII breeding / PVS trials.
M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A
Activity 1 5 1,2, 6 4
Year 3 Year 4
2012 2013 2013 2014
Activity 1: Genetic resources

3. Confirmation of the disease resistance and drought tolerance of at least 10 new
genotypes identified from Phase I, and knowledge of the farmer acceptability of
all of these before their inclusion in the breeding scheme
Five lines (ICGV02038, ICGV02189, ICGV
86124, ICGV 01276 and ICGV 97182) in good
agronomic background identified by farmers on
station are being used to generate new crosses
to enhance drought and disease tolerance in
sensitive varieties

4. 60 lines from phase 1 re-evaluated across locations
ICG 12879
ICGV 02189
55-437
ICG 3140
ICG 4729
ICG 3584
ICGV 02038
ICGV 02266
ICGV 96466
ICGV 97183
ICG 4750
ICG 11088
47-10
ICG 14482
ICG 2772
ICG 5663
JL24
ICG 1834
ICG 12625
ICG 8106
ICGV 99001
Entries confirmed in 2011
In bold are confirmed tolerant in 2012
Repeat trial (2012-13)
Activity 1: Genetic resources

5. Farmer acceptability of 10–20 new sources of disease resistance and
drought tolerance tested PVS trials (in close collaboration with TLII).
Some lines tolerant to drought and foliar
diseases were included in PVS trials in Mali
and evaluated by a total of 1653 farmers in
districts of Koutiala, Djijeni and Sanankoloba in
Mali .
Pod and haulm yields are the most preferred
traits.
Activity 1: Genetic resources

6. New synthetics produced
BR-BatSten1 = (A. batizocoiK9484 x A. stenospermaV10309)4x
BR-BatDur1 = (A. batizocoiK9484 x A. duranensis V14167)4x
BR-BatDur2 = (A. batizocoiK9484 x A. duranensis SeSn2848)4x
BR-IpaVillo1 = (A. ipaensis KG30076 x A. villosaV12812)4x
BR-GregSten1 = (A. gregoryiV6389 x A stenospermaV10309)4x
BR-IpaCor = (A. ipaensisKG30076 xA. correntina )4x
ALL RESISTANT TO
RUST!!!!
Canopy Area – larger than parentals –
- similar to peanut
Activity 1: Genetic resources

7. Runner-886 AiAd
Introgression of disease resistance
from A. duranensis
Runner-886
susceptible agronomically adapted
Synthetic AiAd
resistant unadapted phenotype
end of season LS damage more resistant
(not as resistant as new synthetics)
pod types
Runner-886 AiAd
Activity 1: Genetic resources

8. CSSL phenotyping in Senegal
Year Season Trial Traits
2011 off 2 water regimes
3 replications
Plant, seed and pod
morphology,
Yield components
2012 off 2 water regimes
3 replications
Plant, seeds and pod
morphology
Yield components
2012 rainy Nioro
3 replications
ELS
2013 rainy 3 locations
Nioro (800mm)
Bambey (550mm)
Ndiol (300mm)
3 replications
Yield components
Subset of 80 CSSLs (Fleur 11 x AiAd)
42 QTLs over 4 traits
Same subset of 80 CSSLs
- Icrisat Niger (2011)
- Icrisat Malawi (2011)
- Icrisat India (2011)
- Embrapa (Dec 2012)
Activity 1: Genetic resources

9. 0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Yield(kgha-1)
Top and down yielding CSSLs along with 55-437 and Fleur11 under ww conditions
Pod yield-ww Haulm yield-ww
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Yield(kgha-1)
Top and down yielding CSSLs along with 55 -437 and Fleur11
under ws conditions
Pod yield- ws Haulm yield-ws
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
HI
Harvest index (HI) of top and down yielding CSSLs along with 55-437 and Fleur11 under
ww and ws conditions
HI-WW HI-WS
Evaluation of CSSL under WW and WS treatment in Niger
Some achieve higher
yield than 55-437, a
standard drought
tolerant genotype
Activity 1: Genetic resources

10. Development of new populations at ISRA-CERAAS
A. duranensis
A. ipaensis
A. batizocoi A. valida
A. hypogaea
Var Fleur11
ISATGR 278-18
F1 ISATGR 52B x Fleur11
X
Activity 1: Genetic resources

11. Activity 2 Develop SNP markers for cultivated groundnut
Milestone 8 One suitable method to identify SNPs.
Milestone 9
Genome-wide resource of SNPs useable towards a broadly applicable
SNP, from an exploration of at least 8+8 contrasting genotypes.
M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A
Activity 2 9 9
Year 3 Year 4
2012 2013 2013 2014
M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A
Activity 3 12 10 11 12 13
Year 3 Year 4
2012 2013 2013 2014
Activity 3 Map disease resistance QTLs
Anchor these QTL to the physical map
Milestone 10 4 populations phenotyped (1 per disease) for disease resistance
Milestone 11
QTLs for resistance to major groundnut diseases - QTL flanking
markers deposited in MBP database.
Milestone 12
25 additional SSR markers in strategic regions of the groundnut
genome containing disease resistance QTLs
Milestone 13
3 regions controlling disease resistance anchored on the groundnut
physical map

12. Development and use of
KASPar genotyping assay
*used for MABC also; LLS: Late leaf spot; ELS: Early leaf spot; GRD:
Groundnut rosette disease O/L: Oleic/ linoleic fatty acid; DR: Disease
resistance
Total SNPs selected for KASPar assay 96
No. of validated markers on 94 genotypes 90
No. of polymorphic markers in reference set 72
Mean polymorphic information content (PIC) 0.32
Parental genotypes of mapping
populations
Segregating traits Polymorphic
markers
Polymorphism
rate (%)
Interspecific mapping populations
TMV 2 × TxAG 6 Agronomic traits 40 44.4
ICGV 87846 × ISATGR 265-5 Agronomic traits 36 40.0
ICG 0350 × ISATGR 184 Agronomic traits 37 41.1
ICG 0350 × ISATGR 9B Agronomic traits 36 40.0
ICG 0350 × ISATGR 5B Agronomic traits 44 48.9
ICG 0350 × ISATGR 90B Agronomic traits 36 40.0
Intraspecific mapping populations
TG 26 × GPBD 4 Rust and LLS resistance 19 21.1
TAG 24 × GPBD 4* Rust and LLS resistance 18 20.0
ICG 11337 × JL 24 LLS resistance 22 24.4
ICGV 93437 × ICGV 95714 ELS resistance 20 22.2
Robut 33-1 × ICGV 95714 ELS resistance 23 25.6
ICGV 93437 × ICGV 91114 Rust resistance 9 10.0
ICGV 93437 × ICGVSM 95342 Rust resistance 23 25.6
ICGS 76 × CSMG 84-1 Drought tolerance 9 10.0
ICGS 44 × ICGS 76 Drought tolerance 5 5.6
TAG 24 × ICGV 86031 Drought tolerance 0 0.0
Chalimbana × ICGVSM 90704 Resistance to GRD 2 2.2
CG 7 × ICGVSM 90704 Resistance to GRD 6 6.7
ICGV 07368 × ICGV 06420 High & low oil content 12 13.3
ICGV 07166 × ICGV 06188 High & low oil content 10 11.1
ICGV 06420 × SunOleic 95A* O/L ratio 13 14.4
Intraspecific marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) populations
ICGV 91114 × GPBD 4 Rust resistance 15 16.7
JL 24 × GPBD 4 Rust resistance 17 18.9
ICGV 03042 × SunOleic 95A O/L ratio 12 13.3
ICGV 02411 × SunOleic 95A O/L ratio 15 16.7
ICGV 05141 × SunOleic 95A O/L ratio 12 13.3
ICGV 05100 × SunOleic 95A O/L ratio 10 11.1
Activity 2,3: Genomic resources

13. LG_AhI
LG_AhII
LG_AhIII
LG_AhIV
LG_AhV
LG_AhVI
LG_AhVII
LG_AhVIII
LG_AhIX
LG_AhX
LG_AhXI
LG_AhXII
LG_AhXIII
LG_AhXIV
LG_AhXV
LG_AhXVI
LG_AhXVII
LG_AhXVIII
LG_AhXIX
LG_AhXX
Reference consensus
genetic map
Marker loci mapped 897
Total map distance 3863.6 (cM)
Map density 4.42 (cM)
Activity 2,3: Genomic resources

14. BC1 A. hypogaea ×
amphidiploid
CIRAD, France
RIL-1 A. hypogaea ICRISAT, India
RIL-2 A. hypogaea ICRISAT, India
RIL-3 A. hypogaea ICRISAT, India
RIL-4 A. hypogaea ICRISAT, India
RIL-5 A. hypogaea ICRISAT, India
RIL-6 A. hypogaea GAAS, China
RIL-7 A. hypogaea GAAS, China
RIL-8 A. hypogaea GAAS, China
RIL-9 A. hypogaea USDA-ARS, USA
RIL-10 A. hypogaea USDA-ARS, USA
TF5 A. hypogaea ×
amphidiploid
EMBRAPA, Brazil
SKF2 A. hypogaea KDRI, Japan
NYF2 A. hypogaea KDRI, Japan
High density consensus genetic
map
Marker loci mapped 3,693
Total map distance (cM) 2,651
Map density (loci/cM) 1.39

15. Comprehensive association
analysis in groundnut
 524 marker-trait
associations for 29 traits
 PVE from 5.81-90.09%
Manuscript under preparation
 154 SSRs and 15360 DArT
features
 51 traits (more than one season each) phenotyped on
reference set
5 disease resistance
6 oil and nutritional quality
28 physiological traits
12 yield & yield components

16. Consensus QTL map for
drought tolerance traits
Mol Breed 2012, 32:757-772
Cluster 6
Cluster 13
Cluster 11
Cluster 1
Cluster 12
Cluster 2
Cluster 7
Cluster 14
Cluster 16
Cluster 4
Cluster 5
Cluster 8
Cluster 9
Cluster 10
Cluster 3
Cluster 15

17. Consensus QTL map for
Rust and LLS resistance
Major QTL
for LLS
Major QTL
for rust
Common
QTLs
for LLS
and rust
Mol Breed 2012, 32:773-788

18. Parental screening of mapping
populations for disease resistance
* Selected based on parental polymorphism
# F6 RIL phenotyped for ELS
Populations Markers
screened
Poly.
markers
Disease
resistance
Locations
ICGV 93437 X ICGVSM 95342* 1000 61 Rust resistance Malawi
ICGV 93437 X ICGV 94114 1000 56 Rust resistance Malawi
CG7 X ICGVSM 90704* 1000 119 GRD Malawi
CHALIMBANA X ICGVSM 90704 1000 84 GRD Malawi
ROBUT 33-1 X ICGV 95714* 1000 111 ELS Malawi
ICGV 93437 X ICGV 95714 1000 24 ELS Malawi
ICGV 86124 X ICG 7878 # 510 31 ELS Niamey
GRD : Groundnut rosette disease
ELS : Early leaf spot

19. Phenotyping of ICGV86031 x TAG24 RIL
done in three environments
Purpose: combining field /
lysimeter / pot based
targeted trait
measurements
Development of two new populations for drought related
traits in progress – now in F3 generation

20. Activity 4
Use MABC to introgress disease resistance QTL
New breeding population for drought and disease towards MARS
Milestone 15 8 MABC materials introgressed with rust and rosette disease resistance QTLs in four
FMPV backgrounds and transferred to TLII breeders in Year 4
Milestone 17 5 advanced backcross breeding materials with disease resistance tested in PVS
trials.
Milestone 19 At least 4 new crosses (one per disease) developed and QTL identified for each
disease between FMPV lines and new sources of disease resistance.
Milestone 20 At least 4 new crosses developed between advanced BC lines in FMPV background
and new sources of drought tolerance from Activity 4, Phase I.
Milestone 21 Relevance of F4-family phenotyping for drought-related traits tested in at least one
segregating population.
M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A
Activity 4 15 21 17 19,20 15 16
Year 3 Year 4
2012 2013 2013 2014

21. Marker-assisted breeding
for rust resistance
Promising introgression lines are under replicated yield assessment trial
Cross Number of
lines
evaluated *
Lines with
mean disease
score of 2 *
ICGV 91114 x GPBD 4 57 25
JL 24 x GPBD 4 69 23
TAG 24 x GPBD 4 103 29

22. Activity 5
Strengthen capacity of NARS partners
Milestone
23
At least 2 NARS partners empowered to breed groundnut varieties with multiple
attributes.
Milestone
24
3 scientists and 3 technicians trained in drought phenotyping and in the
logistics of fast advancement of breeding populations.
Milestone
25
1 scientist and 1 technician from Malawian and Malian national programmes
trained in DNA extraction and use of simple markers.
M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A
Activity 5 25 23,24 25
Year 3 Year 4
2012 2013 2013 2014
• 3 scientists and 3 technicians trained in drought phenotyping and logisticics
of advancing breeding populations
• Mr Adama Zongo ( PhD student from Burkina Faso) has undergone 3-
month training at ICRISAT Bamako and is currently being trained at Niamey
for his thesis research on MAS for ELS.
• Mr. Richard Oteng Frimpong from SARI Ghana spent a month at the
genomics centre of excellence at ICRISAT Center familiasing with the new
tools and techniques and performed molecular characterisation of 50
advanced breeding lines introduced from ICRISAT Bamako

23. Activity 6 Management and storage of data
Milestone 26 Marker genotyping data for groundnut reference collection
- At least 4 populations stored in public database and
linked to the MBP.
Milestone 27 Phenotyping data of reference collection over 6 sites (India, Niger,
Mali, Senegal, Tanzania and Malawi) and 6 years;
RIL and MABC lines analysed and data stored in public database -
Data from TLII trials added to this database.
M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A
Activity 6 26,27
Year 3 Year 4
2012 2013 2013 2014

24. Acknowledgments:
Partners, Farmers,
& TL 1 Team
Thank you