This presentation details CIFOR's involvement with ASFCC - including results from Phase 1 and Plan of work for Phase 2.

1. CIFOR’s contribution to ASFCC:
Results from Phase 1 and Plan of
work for Phase 2

2. CIFOR’s Objectives
The overall objectives of Phase II are in line with the objectives
of Phase I. The objectives of Phase II will feed into the general
objectives (outcomes & outputs) of the ASFCC as follows:
• Providing solid evidence on social forestry and its
contributions to ASEAN countries’ social, economic, and
ecologic objectives in response to climate change
• Generating new knowledge and understanding of social
forestry, food security and climate change
• Sharing knowledge and contributing to capacity building in
ASEAN

3. Approach and Methods
Generating new knowledge and understanding of social forestry,
food security and climate change in swidden systems by
 Providing a deeper understanding of how existing horizontal and vertical social
networks can serve to enhance opportunities and diminish obstacles for forest
communities to participate meaningfully in and benefit from REDD+ and/or PES
 Providing analysis of how the forest management systems of shifting cultivators
contribute to local people's livelihoods, food security and their implications for
carbon trajectories in the landscape
 Providing a deeper understanding of “multi-locality” of swidden households and
communities and how their existing social networks (such as rural-urban and rural-
rural interactions) influence information and resource exchange, and affect local
peoples’ livelihoods, food security and carbon stocks
through social network analysis, carbon stock analysis, livelihood
assessments, policy network analysis of adaptation and mitigation

4. THINKING beyond the canopy
Site selection
The criteria for the site selection:
1. Swidden farming is a dominant land use in the
community
2. Significant forest cover is present in the village area
(including mature forest)
3. Other specific characteristics (e.g. presence of oil
palm as external driver of change, proximity of a
natural park)
4. Possible synergies with other projects (Laos: I-REDD;
Vietnam: I-REDD and GCS; Indonesia: COLUPSIA) are
present Country Province District Sub-district Village Sub-village
Indonesia West
Kalimantan
Kapuas Hulu Batang
Lupar
Mensiau Keluin
Indonesia West
Kalimantan
Kapuas Hulu Badau Tinting Seligi Sungai Telian
Indonesia West
Kalimantan
Kapuas Hulu Badau Janting Bunut Lalau
Indonesia West
Kalimantan
Kapuas Hulu Putusibau
Utara
Benuak
Tengah
Benuak
Tengah Hilir
Vietnam Son La Moc Chau Que
Vietnam Nghe An Con Cuoung Lay
Laos Huaphan Vienthong Muang Kao
Laos Huaphan Vienthong Huay Muay

5. THINKING beyond the canopy

6. 27 FGD

7. 350 HH
surveys
• Socio-economic data
• Shifting cultivation and
other land use practices
• Social Networks
• Understanding of REDD/PES
• Migration patterns

8. Key messages
• The dynamism of swidden and other local resource
management systems and their implications for carbon stocks
is not well understood
• Swidden communities are experienced in responding
appropriately to external drivers of change
• Even seemingly remote rural households and communities are
embedded in multiple social networks that link people and
places (rural to urban, individuals to organizations,
peripheries to centers)
 building on local community realities and local knowledge
rather than creating parallel institutions is key to efficient and
effective design of a REDD+ architecture that responds to local
needs

9. Results: social networks
• Social networks and rural-urban linkages (for example through
migration) are key for people to respond to a changing
environment
• High levels of diversity across countries and differences in
gender experiences are important to understand how
networks are being used to share information and benefits
related to livelihoods
Examples of networks studied:
• Indonesia: Customary land use, fertilizers & herbicides
• Laos: Corn, poverty reduction projects, national park related
projects
• Vietnam: Agricultural systems, social/mass organizations

10. Perspectives on Oil Palm Plantation Development
Kapuas Hulu, Indonesia
Male
Female
Youth
Job opportunities
Afford schooling for
children
Other benefits: school
transportation, free
medical services, new road
construction, etc
Reduced labor input to
manage swidden and
rubber garden
Good money but not so
much (“enough to buy
salt”)
Swidden size decrease,
while they want to
maintain Dayak identity
(forest and swidden)
New market for non-
timber forest products (i.e.
durians)
Positive outlook Negative outlook

11. Participatory and landscape carbon
measurements

12. Key messages: participatory &
landscape monitoring
• Not surprising, but little discussed
– High biodiversity in fallows
– Local communities can measure carbon competently and have
significant knowledge of forest resources
• It is possible to map swidden land use patterns and associated
carbon stocks with satellite images in combination with
ground truthing
 Maintaining biodiversity and building on existing local skills is
essential for effective and efficient REDD+ that delivers co-
benefits

13. Land use information on swiddening from satellite data
Land cover classes :
Swidden Bush Fallow
Young Fallow Mature Fallow
Forest Other

15. Key mitigation and adaptation policies in
Vietnam and Indonesia
(Pham et al., 2014, submitted)
Indonesia Vietnam
Adaptation National Adaptation Strategy 2003
Indonesia’s Climate Change Adaptation
Program
Law No. 24/2007 on Disaster Management
Action Plan Framework for Adaptation to
Climate Change in the Agriculture and Rural
Development Sector, 2008–2020
Mitigation National REDD+ strategy
Green Paper on Economic and Fiscal Policy
Strategies for Climate Change Mitigation
outlining the government’s fiscal and economic
policies for emission reductions, carbon finance
and institutional strengthening
National Payments for Forest Environmental
Services: Decree 99
National REDD+ Program
Both adaptation and
mitigation
National Action Plan Addressing Climate
Change (RAN-PI) 2007
Indonesia Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap
2010
National Strategy for Environmental Protection
National Target Program to Respond to Climate
Change
Action Plan for Adaptation and Mitigation
Decision No. 2139 on the National Climate
Change Strategy

16. REDD+ policy arena actors: how do
they see adaptation?
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
All(n=36)
Government (n=12)
International organizations (n=5)
Donors(n=5)
National researchinstitute (n=1)
Private (n=2)
Domestic NGO (n=4)
International NGO (n=7)
REDD+ islikelyto helpcoping or adapting to
climatechangein Vietnam
REDD+ islikelyto helpcoping or adapting to
climatechangein Vietnam
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
All(n=61)
Government (n=19)
International organizations (n=3)
Donors(n=7)
National researchinstitute (n=2)
Private (n=9)
Domestic NGO (n=12)
International NGO (n=8)
REDD+ islikelyto helpcoping or adapting to
climatechangein Indonesia
REDD+ islikelyto helpcoping or adapting to
climatechangein Indonesia
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
All(n=36)
Government (n=12)
International organizations (n=5)
Donors(n=5)
National researchinstitute (n=1)
Private (n=2)
Domestic NGO (n=4)
International NGO (n=7)
Agree andstrongly agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree and strongly disagree
REDD+ islikelyto helpcoping or adapting to
climatechangein Vietnam
REDD+ islikelyto helpcoping or adapting to
climatechangein Vietnam

17. Key messages: adaptation-mitigation
synergies
• Few incentives for adaptation project developers to consider
mitigation: because adaptation and mitigation funding are
separate streams, these developers just have to show
adaptation outcomes.
• Mitigation project developers may have more reasons to
integrate adaptation, for example for being certified by CCB or
for increasing project sustainability and carbon permanence
under a changing climate
• Even though REDD+ policy arena talks about adaptation, this
is not reflected in reality
 (Financial) Incentives are required to realise synergies, and
signals from global level are needed

18. Knowledge sharing contributions to ASFN
events, to international and national policy
arenas, but also knowledge sharing at the
local level, and in subnational policy arenas to
communicate our research findings in close
collaboration with the ASFN secretariat

19. Activities for 2014
• A coordinated social forestry policy framework is
developed
– Literature review on the relevant policies and measures
influencing social forestry initiatives in Indonesia
– Share knowledge from CIFOR’s previous research on social
forestry, and contribute to capacity building in ASEAN, and
input/collaborate with partner's activities on common
issues/sites
– Partnerships developed with National University of Laos
and REDD+ Office of Department of Forestry

20. Activities for 2014
• Knowledge sharing and information dissemination
– Knowledge sharing events and reporting back to stakeholders
held in Vientiane, Lao PDR, Kapuas Hulu, Indonesia, Nghe An
and Son La, Vietnam, Feb-Mar 2014

21. Activities for 2014
• Knowledge sharing and information dissemination
– Knowledge sharing events and reporting back to stakeholders
held in Vientiane, Lao PDR, Kapuas Hulu, Indonesia, Nghe An
and Son La, Vietnam, Feb-Mar 2014
– Planning workshop for ASFCC Phase 2 with Indonesia, Vietnam
and Lao PDR country research teams, Mar
– In cooperation with CGIAR communications team and ASFN
Secretariat, contribute to social media training strengthening for
ASFN focal points and partners, ongoing
– Supporting partner to ASFCC discussion forum at Forests Asia,
May 5-6
– Presentation at Carbon-Land-Property conference in
Copenhagen, July 1-4

22. Activities for 2014
• Generate new knowledge and understanding of
social forestry, food security and climate change
– Analysis of existing data of how existing horizontal and vertical
social networks can affect local community participation in
REDD+ or PES
– Case studies on how government initiated social forestry
programs contribute to community livelihoods, food security
and its implications for carbon trajectory in the landscape in
Indonesia
– Literature review on migration, remittances, and resources
exchange in shifting cultivation communities in South East Asia
– Time-series mapping of swidden landscapes across Lao PDR
sites

23. THANK YOU!