What is "the cloud"? What types of cloud there are, and what are the tools it gives us.

1. The Cloud
Beyond the Buzzword
Bozhidar Bozhanov

2. About me
● Cloud user – from small personal projects to
millions of users
● Java, Scala, etc.
● StackOverflow *cough*
● twitter: @bozhobg

3. The cloud: what is it?
● everything
● nothing
● “the internet”
● XaaS
● “something remote, parts of the
infrastructure of which is managed by
someone else”

4. Buzzword
● managers
● investors
● clients
● ...and other incompetent
people

5. Classification
● Cloud computing (CPU as a Service)
● SaaS - Software as a Service
● PaaS - Platform as a Service
● IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service

6. SaaS - Software as a Service
● Your software is “in the cloud” from the point of view of
your users
● multi-tenant software
● DropBox, SalesForce, Gmail, JIRA, GitHub
● pros – easy upgrade, can’t be cracked, users don’t have
to manage infrastructure
● cons – internet connection dependence, ownership of
data, privacy, harder to personalize

7. PaaS - Platform as a Service
● Providers give a platform with limited access where you
deploy your application
● Components are plugins (databases,message queues,
caches, log collection, monitoring, etc…)
● Heroku, CloudFoundry, OpenShift, GoogleAppEngine
● pros: easy setup (UI/CLI), no server administration
experience needed, supports autoscaling, cheap.
● cons: sandbox, specific learning curve, hard plugin
version management, privacy.

8. IaaS - Infrastructure as as Service
● You get virtual machines and APIs/UI, to manage them
● The provider takes care only of the infrastructure
● Amazon AWS, ??? (Microsoft Azure, Rackspace,
OpenStack, GetClouder)
● pros – almost complete freedom, cheaper than own
data-center [citation needed] , auto-scaling, extras.
● Cons - learning curve, privacy, single provider
dependence.

9. AWS (Amazon Web Services)
● pioneers[citation needed] and market leaders
● API, CLI
● extras: S3, CloudFront, CloudWatch, RDS,
SQS, SES, SNS, ElastiCache, Beanstalk
(PaaS), …
● multiple regions, multiple availability zones
● prices are dropping; spot instances

10. Auto-scaling
● valid for both PaaS and IaaS
● Conditionally starting and stopping virtual machines
(based on CPU, memory, I/O, network I/O)
● Keeping a certain number of machines up, in case one
or more “die”.
● The harder part: making your application scale
automatically

11. Embrace failure
● virtual machines (instances) die often
● Information written on them is lost.
Alternatives: EBS, S3, clusters
● A whole availability zone (= data center) can
be down
● chaos monkey
● => good practices

12. Scripting stacks
● Servers, networks, access control, load balancers, etc.
– declared with a script.
● AWS CloudFormation - JSON-based language for
scripting infrastructure
● calling shell scripts on initialization = endless
possibilities
● Allows for almost identical environments for test,
staging, production

13. Should we be “in the cloud”
● It depends
● To be “in the cloud” is not a marketing
decision - it’s a technical choice.
● SaaS doesn’t mean you are “in the cloud”, it
means your software is in the cloud from
your users’ perspective
● in any case - embrace failure