ACTCMA Continuing Professional Education Lecture - May 1, 2016 - BCIT

1. Acupuncture in Relation to Yoga,
Indian Chakra and Nadi System
Prof. Dr. B.K. Singh
B.Sc., M.B.B.S., D.Ac., Ph.D., D.Litt., D.Sc., R.Ac.
President & Dean
International Acupuncture Academy of Bhupendra Techniques
118 & 119 – 2238 Kingsway, Vancouver, BC, V5N 2T7, Canada
Mailing Address: 4005 Victoria Drive, Vancouver, BC, V5N 4M9, Canada
Ph: 1-604-873- 4661, 604-432-9009, Fax: 1-604-873-4661
Email: drbksingh@bhupendratechniques.com
Website: www.bhupendratechniques.com

2. Wisdom
Wisdom is the subjective fragrance and flavor derived
from the soft vapors of slow cooking of the selective
ingredients of learning, knowledge, and experience in a
container of patience on the cool fire of vision and self-
awakening.
- Bhupendra

3. Spiritual Awakening in Central Asia
• Path of Self-discovery

4. History
• ~ 7000 years ago the Indians, Iranians and Greeks
formed the Aryan nation
– lived in the plains of central Asia
– used languages which were a mixture of Sanskrit,
Greek, Latin, Persian and German.
• Aryan civilization and culture spread to India, China,
Tibet and Persia.
• It is said that the 10,000 verses of Vedas were brought
by Aryans to India
– they became the foundation of Indian philosophy
and culture.

5. Spread of Indus Valley Civilization
• For unknown reasons - either sudden climatic changes
or pressure from local tribes - they migrated to the
north, east and west.
• Wherever they went they carried their own traditions
and culture
– also adapted with the local customs and cultures
which gave birth to a new civilization
• They spread to the Indian continent and Iran in the
East, Europe, Armenia and Turkey in the West and
some to Siberia in the North.

6. Indian Archaeological Survey
• There was no Aryan invasion in India
• There were two different types of people with opposite
instincts, who were decedents of two sisters:
– one group was more civilized, caring, loving, sharing,
agricultural, and live and let live philosophy
• cultivated wheat, rice, barley, and other agriculture
products in Indus Valley and Indo-Gagenetic plains
(Trivani)
– the other group was more self centered, cruel, greedy,
revenging, animal hunting, destructive, and hawkish in
nature
• forced to migrate from Indian continent

7. Climatic and Geographical Effects
• In India’s South hot climate, most people are dark-skinned with
black eyes and thick hairs
– they still maintain their ancient culture and traditions
• In Northern India people are fair-skinned with blue eyes as
Caucasians.
• Caucasian derived from Kashmiri Asian
Cashmere + Asian = Caucasian
- Bhupendra
• Some Indian Gods are fair while others have a darker
complexion.
• Most of the Gods and Goddess have weapons like bows and
arrows and swords - to protect non-violent pious Hindu farmers.

8. Origins of Acupuncture
• Acupuncture originated in the Central Asia alongside
the use of yoga in India.
• It is mentioned in the Vedas (approx. 7,000 years ago)
• The Five Element Theory which originated in India,
through Buddhist monks spread to Far Eastern
countries.
• Acupuncture and Buddhism flourished together in the
Far East.
• Buddhism and Acupuncture did not flourish in India.

9. Suchi-Bhaden
• Acupuncture was practiced in India by the name of Suchi-
Bhaden or Bhaden-Karma
– practiced several millennia before Christ
– ear needling was practiced for 5000 years
• Technique was usually referred as Marma (vital or pressure
points treatment) Chikitsa
• Egypt, Persia, Brazilian, African tribes, Eskimos used
acupuncture
• Sushutra, the ancient renowned Ayurveda surgeon,
described marma as very high concentration of vital
energy

10. Marma & Prana
• According to Sushutra, the marma (reflex) points are centres
of prana (life energy) and are termed as acupuncture points
• Prana is an energy permeating the universe at all levels
– physical
– mental
– sexual
– spiritual
– cosmic
• It is the prime mover of all activities
• It creates, protects and destroys the vigor, power, vitality and all
forms of prana

11. Indian Acupuncture
• Suchi-Bhaden (Suchi=needle, Bhaden=Puncture)
Shira-Bhaden - synonym to acupuncture.
• Originated beyond Himalayas
– Ayurveda or herbal medicines were not available.
• Different instruments
• stone
• bone
• metal
– used to puncture certain parts of the body in order to
cure various ailments.

12. History
• Evil Theory - on the origin of acupuncture
• Propounded and Presented in:
– London (1982)
– Stockholm (1983)
– Beijing (1984)
– Kyoto (1985)

13. Other Theories
• Acuvaccination
• Bhupendra Theory of Waste-end Products
• Indian Origins of Acupuncture
• Global Warming
• Christ - Grooming to grave in India
• Origin of Caucasians
• Theory of five elements in origin of life
• India - The first Advanced Civilization
www.bhupendratechniques.com

14. Indian Cultures and Traditions
• Many Indian traditions stimulate many vital points to keep
the body and mind healthy.
– Choti
– Kardhani
– Janau
– nose and ear rings
– tattooing
– bare-foot walks on grass
– Kundalini yoga
• Kundilini Yoga - The secret to a healthy, long life is to
strictly observe these Indian traditions and practice.
• Prahalad Jani

15. Janau

16. Kardhani

17. Choti

18. Ornaments

19. Cupping

20. MAHABHARAT
• In this ancient Indian epic Bhisma Pitamah was kept
alive for 58 days.

21. Bhisma Pithamah

22. Buddhism
• The great Indian Emperor Ashoka
– Kalinga war massacre
– instrumental for the spread of Buddhism
– built many temples
– built rehabilitation centers for exercises and massage
techniques
– His son Mahendra and daughter Sanghmitra spread
Buddhism in Far East, 3rd century BC.

23. Recent research
• Buddha born in Kapileswar, India, not Kapilavastu,
Nepal.
• A rock inscription now at Ashutosh museum in Kolkata
reads that King Ashoka conducted a workshop at
Kapileswar where “Buddha was born”.
• Indian Archeological Survey has discovered that Buddha
visited Kapileswar (now called Kosala) in 240 BC where
he was born.
• More research is in progress in collaboration with the
Japan Foundation for Asia Center.

24. Development of Buddhism in India
• Hindu priests vs. Buddhism
• Buddhism only welcomed by lower classes
• Hinduism = life style
– only practiced by privileged and higher classes
– many sub-divisions
• Neglected groups accepted Buddhism.
• In contrast, in China, Japan, Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan
and Sri Lanka Buddhism was warmly welcomed and
accepted.

25. Buddhism and Acupuncture
• Monks were not allowed to carry any weapons
– trained in martial arts to protect themselves from
opponents of their new religion and robbers during
their far travel
• During their long travel they built many temples,
Buddha’s statues and even beautiful carvings and
paintings
– stayed for quite a long period for preaching and
helping people
– left behind a priest, educator or ambassador to help
the needy and maintain the place

26. Buddhism and Acupuncture
• Kalaki, an ancient Indian martial art, was practiced and
preached in the temples
– brought to China from India by Bodhidharma
– taught in Shaolin temples
– mentioned in Milindapanha, a scripture written in the
form of questions and answers between King
Milinda and monk superior Nagasena

27. Spread of Buddhism
• Knowledge of unarmed self defense - even against
weapons - was employed during the fast spread of
Buddhism in the Orient.
• China built a monastery at Shaoshih peak of Sungshan
mountains in Hunan province to provide facilities for
monks during their travel to China.
• The monastery built in 300 A.D was known as Shaoline
temple
– became well known for Buddha’s preaching, martial
arts and herbal medicines

28. Acupuncture and Surgery
• Surgery or dissecting prohibited in China
– Confucius: human body is a gift from God
• should not be dissected
– therefore no traditional form of surgery
• Surgery was more advanced in India at the time:
“The vast variety of Indian surgical instruments which have come down to us
from the first millennium A.D. suggest that surgery had developed to an
extraordinary extent in early India. The sutures and needles described in the
Sushutra texts of several thousand years earlier looked no different (to those
used during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries). Straight and bent needles
of bone and bronze were used.”
- Jugen Thorwald, Medical Historian

29. Acupuncture and Moxibustion
• Acupuncture and Moxibustion treatments well-described in
Ayurveda
• Great trio: Charak, Sushutra and Vagbhata
• Suchi Veda - translated as The Art of Piercing With
Needle
– written 3000 years ago
• Ancient Ayurvedic physician Charak used acupuncture for
treatment and surgical procedures
“If the physician comes across a patient suffering from
syncope, then…NEEDLING (acupuncture) and BURNING
(moxibustion)…are helpful in bringing about consciousness.”

30. Tibetan Medicine
• The Buddha has written much text on Indian medicines
– preserved and guarded by Buddhist monks in Tibet
– acupuncture and herbal medicines were taught in Tibet
“The Tibetan system, mainly derived from Indian Buddhist medicine
centers around restoring and maintain balance between the three humors
called Wind (Vata), Bile (Pitta) and Phlegm (Kapha). Experienced
Tibetan physicians have used the system for more than a thousand
years. And last (in the Fourth Shastra) is a section dealing with
accessory therapy, these include Moxibustion, Acupuncture, Surgery
and so forth.”
- Dr. Yeshi Donden, former physician to the Dalai Lama

31. Acupuncture and Ayurveda
• Vedic therapeutic methods date back to prehistoric era
• Many Chinese travelers came to India for business or learning
Sanskrit from Nalanda and Takshashila Universities
– written extensively about the local treatment techniques:
• acupuncture
• pulse diagnosis
• Five Element Theory
• practiced in India but also taught to foreigners
• Acupuncture (needling therapy) described as Marma Chikitsa in
ancient Ayurveda books
• Many historical texts available in the University of Leningrad library
(USSR) regarding the Indian origins of Acupuncture

32. Acupuncture in China
• Acupuncture and Five Element concept was brought to
China through Buddhism ~ 563 B.C.
• Bian stone needle - 550 BC Chinese historic records.
• 3000 years ago (Shang Dynasty) hieroglyphs of
acupuncture appeared in the inscription on bones and
tortoise cells.
• Mentioned in Chinese medical records ~ 500-300 B.C.
– five element concept

33. Acupuncture in China
• The Chinese Sanskrit scholar, Monk Yijing (635-713
CE, Tang Dynasty), came to India during Harsha’s rule
(590- 649) and studied at the University of Nalanda.
– acupuncture and pulse diagnosis originated in India
– taught to foreigners by Indian Ayurveda physicians at
ancient Indian Universities
• In China total ban on acupuncture from 1822 to 1944
– April 1945 an Acupuncture clinic was opened at
International Peace Hospital, Yan’an in the name of
Dr. Norman Bethune by Chairman Mao Zedong

34. Development of Yoga
• The goal of Yoga is achieved by many methods:
– chanting Mantras
– attaining different postures
– meditation “Prayanam”
– dancing styles “Mudras”
• Contributed from different areas
• Gave birth to the present form of Yoga

35. Development of Yoga
• Indians chanted mantras during rituals and ceremonies
• adapted to concentrate the mind
• used special words with long wavelengths to
stimulate body Chakras or Murmas
• Some tribes in the North believed in shamanic activities;
developed
• hypnotism
• meditation
• telepathy

36. Development of Yoga
• In Indian temples, dancing was a regular practice
• to please the God
• as an appreciation for their life
• good for keeping good health
• gave birth to many Mudras
• Yogic breathing techniques (Pranayam) were
developed in Tibet and China

37. Development of Yoga
• All these statements are hypotheses…
• Why?
– there were no boundaries and territories at that time.
• But one fact remains:
– Yoga originated and developed in Central Asia,
probably more in the region of Indian continent

38. Mythological Origin of Yoga
• Lord Sadashiva is believed to be the first individual who
practiced yoga.
• Sada means timeless and everywhere, while Shiva
means nature.
• In Hindu mythology, Shiva is Adipurush - “who has
no beginning or end”.
– He has always been there before anything existed.

39. Original Concept of Yin and Yang
• Shiva is also known as Ardhanarishwar - containing
right half body of male and left half of female.
• There is no male (Chetna or Yang) without female
(Zara or Yin)
– In other words there is always Chetna within Zara
and Zara within Chetna.
– There is Testosterone and Progesterone in both
sexes.

40. Original Concept of Yin and Yang
• The symbol of Shiva, the Shivalinga, projects the
origin of life.
– the male and female genitals within each other
• There are many portraits of Shiva in different forms
projecting art, culture and science.
• The snake, which always resides around the neck of
Lord Shiva, is a symbol of healing - even in western
medicine

41. Ardhanarishwar

42. Ardhanarishwar

43. Ardhanarishwar

44. Ardhanarishwar
• Rock-carved sculpture in
main elephant cave.
• Mumbai, Maharashtra,
India

45. Shiva

46. Linking Shiva & Shakti to Yin & Yang
• Shiva (consciousness) and Shakti (energy) are two
corresponding equal but opposite forces.
• Prana Shakti - vital energy - is defined to be the basis
of life.
– Two components:
• one with we are born
• another which we receive by inhaling fresh air

47. Linking Shiva & Shakti to Yin & Yang
• In its primordial state consciousness is united with
prana like water and salt in the ocean.
– Shiva is consciousness - corresponds to mind
– Shakti is responsible for all the movements and
activities of the body (which is in fact governed by
the mind)
– When they become separated they play different
roles in the realm of creation.
• There is no mental activity without Shakti; both are
interdependent on each other and one can not exist
without other.

48. Concept of Prana
• Prana is life energy
– must be present at the time of birth
– makes the fetus move
– makes the fetus aware of its activity and presence
• The soul enters the body at fifth month of pregnancy
– The soul (consciousness) and prana (bio-energy) are
different but related entities
• The soul, including prana, first unites with Ether
(Akash; sky; heaven) before uniting with other five
elements

49. Concept of Prana
• Prana is the positive side of the equation
– like the electricity that flows through the body
– There are six elements:
• Ether
• Fire
• Water
• Earth
• Wind
• Prana

50. Concept of Prana
• According to Ayurveda:
– the five physical elements act as a receptacle for life -
the positive force or Prana - and later for the
conscious aspect or soul
– Ether enters the body with prana and contains
negative force
• this is how the circle is completed having both
negative and positive forces

51. Concept of Energy and Matter
• Matter is a gross form of energy
– inherent energy in matter can be liberated, but it will
not be the final product
• At the highest and most subtle level of vibration, energy
manifests as pure consciousness
• As the rate of vibration decreases, it appears to be pure
energy
– finally it solidifies into matter

52. Concept of Energy and Matter
• In the reverse order, matter can be transformed into
energy, and energy into consciousness
• The main objective of yoga:
– to experience the inherent energy in matter and mind
so that consciousness manifests

53. Mind and Matter
• Because of our limited perception we often think that
the physical body or the mass of earth; sun and moon
are just gross matters
– however, matter is only one stage of energy
• In another state of manifestation, matter again becomes
energy or light
– Yoga applies same principle to mind

54. Mind and Matter
• Mind is considered a form of matter, which operates as
a higher energy level with changing rate of vibration
• The more the mind is absorbed in physical and
materialistic world, the grosser it becomes
– consciousness or awareness can function less
– there is no space left for spiritual processes because
of there are fewer vibrations

55. Law of Interchangeability
• Matter, energy and consciousness are convertible
– based on the modern concept of particles, molecules
and atoms
• The difference between each mass is based on:
– the arrangement of the molecules
– the vibration of the particles

56. Law of Interchangeability
• Any change in the arrangement of the molecular structure
will change the form of the matter
• For example: a piece of ice
– particles are closely packed together - vibration is low
– heating changes to liquid, particles separate - vibration
increases
– more heat, water becomes vapor
• particles more further apart and vibrate faster
• In the same way, yoga considers pure consciousness
to be the basic element which manifests in the various
forms of creation

57. Chain of Continuity
• All particles of all objects are interconnected with the particles of
their surrounding environment
• Everything is interconnected and forms part of a never-ending field
matrix of particles
– the atoms, electrons, protons, photons that compose our bodies.
– every thing which is connected with our life:
• clothes
• food
• air
• All are arranged in different densities, combinations and vibrations
– at a certain point these atoms all interact and interline

58. Characteristics of Two Energies
• Males contain Yang (positive) energy:
– suffer problems like:
• Myocardial infarction
• Strokes
• Females possess Yin (negative) energy:
– suffer disorders:
• nervous breakdown
hysteria
• depression
• migraine

59. Punch Bhuta (Bhaoutic, Physics) Indian
Five Elements
• 1. Sky (Akash)
– Represents empty space – a substance of divine
consciousness and intelligence
– one observable quality:
• sound
– objects that move create Yavu (Air)

60. Punch Bhuta (Bhaoutic, Physics) Indian
Five Elements
• 2. Air (Vayu)
– responsible for all the movements in the body
– symbolic of breathing
– Two observable qualities:
• Sound
• Movement
– movements create friction which leads to fire

61. Punch Bhuta (Bhaoutic, Physics) Indian
Five Elements
• 3. Fire (Agni)
– subtle form: electricity
– responsible for transformation – food to energy,
blood and tissues
– three observable qualities:
• sound (cracking)
• visual
• feel

62. Punch Bhuta (Bhaoutic, Physics) Indian
Five Elements
• 4. Water (Jul)
– four observable qualities:
• visual
• feel
• taste
• flowing

63. Punch Bhuta (Bhaoutic, Physics) Indian
Five Elements
• 5. Earth (Dharti)
– all the solid organs in the body
– five observable qualities:
• sound
• visual
• taste
• smell
• touch

64. Role of Five Elements in the Origin of
Life
• At the time of fertilization during coitus…
– movement restored by Wind
– leading to friction (orgasm); resulting in sweating or
heat or Fire
– causing ejaculation of semen or Water
– which fertilizes the ovum forming zygote leading to
solidification and that is Earth
– Embryonic development (growth) represents Wood
– Apoptosis (programmed cell death) leads to shape;
form and features result from craftsmanship - Metal

65. Role of Five Elements in the Origin of
Life
• Prana - positive energy (Male) - joins with Ether -
negative energy (Female)
• The human body is the by-product of life force or
Prana
Any imbalance in the proper and rhythmic flow of
this energy disturbed by any of the five elements
will manifest in to Dis-ease or discomfort

66. Concept of Prana (life force)
• Prana - life force - is a universal energy
– runs in the meridian/nadia system
– balanced by the five elements

67. Energy and matter
• Einstein described how energy and matter is
interchangeable in his equation E=MC2
– E is energy
– m is mass
– c is the speed of light in a vacuum
“mass-energy equivalence”

68. Energy and matter
• Yoga is based on the idea that total internal energy - E -
of a body at rest is equal to the product of its rest mass -
m - and a suitable conversion factor
units of mass ► units of energy
• Matter is the most compressed and compact form of
energy
– vibrates at infinite levels with different frequencies
• Both matter and energy have the same origin

69. Historical Scriptures on Yoga
• Yoga mentioned in the Vedas ~ 7000 years ago
• Patanjali was a distinguished yogi - Devrishi
– wrote a foundational book on Yoga ~ 4000 years ago
– described the art of controlling mind waves

70. Historical Scriptures on Yoga
• Practiced in royal families
– kept the mind relaxed while making many important
decisions
– called Raja Yoga
• Forbidden for others
• Later, many forms of Yoga developed:
– Karma yoga mentioned in Bhagwatgita
• derived from Vedantas

71. Yoga
• “Yoga” derived from Sanskrit word Yog, meaning
union or oneness
• It is…
– a process of self-discipline
– a union with self and universal awareness
– unity and integrity with conscious and
subconsciousness
– the study of matter, universal energy, Yin and Yang,
macro and microcosmic path of the universe

72. Yoga
• Brings harmony and awareness with own self and
Mother Nature
• The art of moving in peace and stillness
• Not a religion like Hinduism, but a way of life
– based on experience
– knowledge
– the study of two equal, opposite but complementary
forces Zara and Chetna

73. Study of Yoga
• Helps inform the relationship between body and mind functions
• Generates a connection between consciousness and sub-consciousness
• Examines the matter and energy phenomenon
• Examines Yin and Yang energies
• Observes macrocosmic and microcosmic natures
• Explores the path of the universe
• Explores the relationship between humans and God (Super-human powers)
• Browsing the features of time and space
• Studies the universal operating patterns
• Observes the Karma
• Studies the particles of awareness
• The phenomenon of action and reaction
• Depth study of emotions, stress, intellect, and tension

74. Goals of Yoga
• To achieve higher state of life naturally by living more
consciously
• To absorb more vital energy during everyday activities
• Requires:
– disciple
– devotion
– practice
The ultimate goal of yoga is to gain control over
different functions of body and mind

75. Development of Yoga
• Ancient discipline; many forms developed over the
centuries
• Yoga is a systematic approach to become one with life
– a meditational discipline
– generates desire to achieve highest potential in life

76. Kinds of Yoga
• Raja yoga = practiced by kings to calm the mind
• Karma yoga = form of service
– encourages service towards others
• Hata yoga = health through mastery of the body
• Bhagti yoga = path of devotion and love
• Mantra yoga = focuses on the vibration and radiations
of life
• Layakriya yoga = path of sexual relationship to
achieve fulfillment

77. Procedures and Mechanism
• Yoga postures vary:
– sitting postures to movement aimed at toning the
body and making it full of vitality
– each posture divided into three main categories:
• body movements
• control of mental activities
• respiratory techniques

78. Procedures and Mechanism
• Breathing correctly is the most important process
– breathing is the center of our whole life
– provides oxygen
– vitalizes the autonomic nervous system
• When tense, breathing is:
– irregular
– uncontrolled
– shallow
• The diaphragm is critical in slowing and controlling breathing
– helps the body and mind to relax

79. Procedures and Mechanism
• When first learning yoga, control of diaphragm and anal
sphincter become the prima-facie
• Raising diaphragm helps raise transverse colon
– confirmed by x-ray during yogic practice
– helps reduce intra-abdominal pressure
– provides better conditions for the functions of
abdominal organs:
• more space
• better circulation

80. Scientific Evidence
• The circulatory system can greatly be benefited by yoga:
– Peacock asan helps increase the blood flow to
pancreas
• helps patients with diabetes by stimulating islets
of Langerhans
– Sheers asan helps blood pool in the head and neck
• helps pituitary gland and endocrine system

81. Scientific Evidence
• Regular yoga returns heart rate and blood pressure to
normal
• Many yogis have complete control of their bodies:
– metabolic system
– cardio-vascular system
– digestive system
– requires dedicated practice under the guidance of a
guru
• By controlling breathing, yogis can produce alpha
rhythms at will, altering their state of mind

82. Scientific Evidence
• Many great yogis can induce theta waves 75% of the
time
– not normally observed during normal activity
– sometime observed during periods of high creativity

83. Raja (Royal) Yoga
• Probably oldest form
• Strictly taught and practiced among the members of
royal families
• Requires mediation on a fixed object to achieve silence
in the mind using mantras

84. Kundalini Yoga
• Difficult form that stimulates spiritual life force at the
base of the spine
• Achieved through physical movements and breathing
exercises
• Uses to cosmic and sexual energies to enhance body
energy system
• Connects universe to body through meditation and
posture
• Energy moves up to 7 energy centres until reaching top
of skull

85. Hatha Yoga: Ha (Sun), Tha
(Moon)
• Exercises
• Stretching
• Stress management
• Balancing body inner-stimulants:
– feeling
– thinking
– willing
– acting

86. Ashtanga Yoga
• Works at cellular level
• Uses breathing techniques to generate strong heat
• Purifies body and mind
• Relaxes nervous system

87. Tantra Yoga
• Difficult form of yoga that requires:
– concentration
– expansion on divine power to:
• transform personal limitations
• realize subconscious blockage awareness
• harmonize male and female aspect within each
living individual

88. Kriya Yoga
• As old as Raja Yoga
• Mixture of Raja Yoga, Jana and Bhakti Yoga
• Performed in two ways:
1. Strict self-discipline
• Leads to total control of:
– mind
– body
– physical needs and desires
– devotion to God
2. Movements of life force up and down the spine
• opening Chakras to achieve spiritual realization

89. Bhakti Yoga (Devotional Yoga)
• Simplest form of Yoga
• Suitable for person of emotional nature.
• Self-surrender to identify the higher self
• Gaining knowledge by total submission to God or Guru
with security and sincerity
– become a more modest person without any ego

90. Karma Yoga
• Teaches we are only responsible for our good deeds and
actions, not their results:
– one should not be discouraged or over whelmed by
any result
– keep performing jobs without caring about outcomes
• Helps end addiction to pleasure through detachment
from outcomes

91. Jhana Yoga
• Self-analysis with reasoning
– helps us reach God
– God is within each of us
• Ordinary mind is used to transcend itself
• Minds false identities are discounted until higher self
emerges

92. Mantras (Chanting)
• Helps concentrate the mind by chanting special phrases, usually
given by the Guru
– typically never disclosed and shared
• Mantras are:
– words
– phrases
– syllables
– usually in Sanskrit
– thoughtfully chanted until mind and body is calm
• A way to separate the mind from our materialistic world
• Mind is transcended and the super-conscious is revealed

93. Chakra and Nadi Network System
• 72,000 nadis
• Form dense network connecting every cell of the body
• Supply vital energy (prana) to tissues
• Act as a connection between organs for proper
coordination
– any flow imbalance of prana shakti results in disease
– can be caused by multiple exogenous and
endogenous factors

94. Chakra and Nadi Network System
• Blockage in energy flow may be caused by:
– over-crowding leading to stagnation
– lack of energy due to deficiency
– either can be treated well by acupuncture
• Points are like step-up transmitters
– maintain proper flow of energy without any
fluctuation in the energy flow
• Helps body communicate with external environment
– helps adapt to changing climatic conditions

95. Indian Nadi System

96. Indian Meridians and Nadi System
• Meridian (energy channel system) described in detail in
Ayureveda
• Dhamini (arteries)
• Sira (veins)
• Resayani (lymphatics)
• Srotan (main meridians)
• Nadi (capillaries)
• Nadi penetrates body
– runs from toe to head
– distributes vital energy or Qi all over the body

97. Indian Five Elements
• Five-element theory: underling basis of existence
– theoretical concepts of Indian medicine based on cosmos
– Zara and Chetna
• Body comprised of five elements:
– sky
– air
– fire
– water
– earth
• earth includes wood and metal
• nature is of two types Zara (Yin) and Chetna (Yang)

98. Meridians & Five Elements
• Meridians of acupuncture
– invisible pathways of energy
– acupuncture points are depressions in skin
• five elements lie within these hollows
– flow of vital energy is regulated

99. Indian Five Elements
• Dynamic struggle in the Universe between opposing and
unifying forces
• All living beings are part of the Universe
– whatever applies to the Universe must apply to these beings
• health is determined by fluctuation of these forces
• homeostatic / regulatory concept of health and diseases
healthy state = forces are in balance
• In the healthy balanced state, normal vital energy is produced
– Prana Shakti flows through Nadi
• Excess or deficiency of forces, influenced by five elements,
causes imbalance, leading to disease

100. Indian Acupuncture Points
• Acupuncture points are hollow depressions just beneath
the skin’s surface
– all the five elements are found in traces
– points regulate the flow of vital energy
– act as step-up transmitters
– maintain proper flow of energy
• Unfortunately, the health and energy teachings of
scholar Rishi Augast, has been lost
– of the 72 volumes written, only 40 volumes remain

101. Lethal Murma - Dangerous
Points
• Used by martial art experts
• Warriors knew these lethal murma can be stimulated by:
– pressure
– heat
– arrows
• Can cause sudden death, paralysis or delayed death
• Physicians have used Murma to save patients
– also used during surgical operations

102. Lethal Murma - Dangerous
Points
• Points related to Air element can cause sudden death
– when an arrow or spear is removed from this point
• Fire element points cause delayed death
• Water element points cause a slow death
• All physicians were required to know these lethal murma once
they begin practice
• Bruce Lee may have been a victim of Fire murma (delayed
death)
• World famous boxer, Mohammad Ali (suffered from Paralysis
Agitance - Parkinson’s) may have been a victim of Water
murma

103. Concept of Chakras
• Literal definition of chakra: “cycle” or “wheel that
rotates”
– energy fly-wheels located at various strategic places
in the body
• Chakras correspond to their own system of meridians or
channels
– similar in many ways yet different
– beautiful description of the Nervous System
• plexus, ganglion, dermatomes, myotomes and
sclerotomes

104. Kundalini Chakras
• Seven major chakras
– 2 located on the head
– 5 along the middle of
trunk

105. Kundalini Chakras
• Many other minor
chakras located on
– wrist
– elbow
– knees
– ankle

106. Body Chakras
• Chakras are cycles of energy that correspond to points on the spinal
cord
• Lower Chakras:
– primitive
– sensational
– instinctive
– gross vibrations
• Middle Chakras:
– related to vital energy, emotions, and inspiration
• Upper Chakras:
– centre of most advanced and pure awareness
– subtle vibrations

107. Location of
Chakras
Corresponding
to Spinal Cord

108. Kundalini Shakti - Power
• According to Indian philosophy, Prana Shakti (Qi -
vital energy) is the basis of life
• This vital energy has another plane known as
Kundalini - serpent power
– power in a “coiled” form
• When stimulated or evoked by yoga it gets “uncoiled”
– begins to reverse and retrace a path to its parental
sources
• vital energy (life force) - Shakti
• mind (consciousness) - Chetna

109. Kundalini Shakti - Power
• Kundalini Shakti depends on two opposite charges
of vital energy: zara and chetna - yin and yang
– this extraordinary energy or force exists in different
planes
• physical
• astral
• psychic
• When charges unite on a plane, it transforms this force
on a subsequent plane
• Kundalini shakti closely related to governing vessel

110. Location of Energy Centres (Chakras)
• These centers of energy control all meridians (nadis)
1st = Kundalini shakti, below coccyx, between
perineum and anus
2nd = coccygeal plexus, below the sacrum
3rd= prostate plexus
4th = lumbar plexus
5th = cardiac plexus
6th = esophageal plexus
7th = cavernous plexus, posterior part of glabela

111. Kundalini Power
• Kundalini chakras correspond to acupuncture points
• When stimulated, power begins an upward journey through
meridian (nadi)
• Six “symptoms of awakening”, Vedhyamai, similar to what a
patient feels after acupuncture:
1. feeling of well being
2. trembling of whole body
3. newborn energy
4. tranquility of mind
5. sedation
6. awareness of self and surroundings

112. Vedhyamai
Awakening Kundalini is a universal event
• Kundalini yoga is the awakening and cultivating the
dormant and changeable powers of kundalini
– knowledge obtained by thousands of years of
dedicated research, thinking, experience and
meditation by many great yogis
– resides physically in the lower chakras, but also in the
spiritual body
Through practice, kundalini may become
awakened: Vedhyamai

113. Vedhyamai
• Removing prana blockages leads to chakra awakening:
– provides heavenly peace
– tranquility of mind
– awareness of soundings
– perfect physical, spiritual and mental health
– new born energy
• All these feelings generated by awakening the
Kundalini are called Vedhyamai

114. Vedhyamai
• Process of purification of karma and awareness begins
• Trail of individualization begins
– leads to higher evolution
• Ultimate goal of yoga is when prana shakti reaches the
sahasrara, the highest chakra at crown
– leads to vedhyamai
– or even samadhi
• awareness meets energy and all becomes one
• total detachment from materialistic worldly life

115. Transformation
1. Mooladhar (Earth) – Greed (Self-service) – Service to
others
2. Swadhisthan (Water) – Sex – Love
3. Manipur (Fire) – Anger – Compassion
4. Anahat (Air) – Attachment – Devotion
5. Vishudha (Sky) – Fear – Self-confidence (Fearlessness)
6. Anjana (Mind) – Arrogance - Humanity
7. Shahashara (Universal mind) – Ego - Humbleness

116. Mooladhar Chakra (Earth)
• Foundational energy connection with earth - water flows down to
fertile earth
– keep us grounded
– attached with worldly life
• Meeting point of whole Yin (Kidney Yin)
– Kidney belongs to water
Location:
Male: perennial area between anus and scrotum
Female: posterior side of cervix between anus and labia commisure
Related acupuncture point:
Ren 1 (Hui yin)

117. Mooladhar Chakra (Earth)
Properties:
Colour: Red
Note: ‘C’
Rhythm: 261.2 cycle/sec
Mantra: Lang
When blocked:
fear of death, insecurity, diminishing survival energies, money
problems, work struggles, frustration, constipation, hemorrhoids,
colitis, cancer, sciatica, spondylitis
When open:
increased consciousness, awareness with mother earth, opportunity
for job and money

118. Swadhisthan Chakra (Polarity)
• Maintains balance between yin and yang - inside and outside
– provides harmonious sexuality
– effectively balances first and second chakra
Corresponds to:
– kidney yang
– lower jiao of the pelvic region
– urinary bladder
– large intestine
Location:
– base of spinal column at coccyx level
Related acupuncture points:
– 2 openings:
• forward towards Ren 2 and Ren 4 (gvanyan)
• backward to sacrum Du 2 to Du 4 (mingmen)

119. Swadhisthan Chakra (Polarity)
Properties:
Colour: Orange
Note: “D”
Rhythm: 292.1 cycles/sec
Mantra: Vang
When blocked:
ruled by desire victim or victimize animal instincts and
behaviour, restlessness, shallowness, confusion, irritation
When open:
satisfying endless sexual pleasure, creativity, imagination,
perception, deep lasting loving relationships

120. Manipur Chakra (Solar or Light)
• Regulates:
– personal will in the upper part
– emotions in the lower part
– power, anger and addiction
Location:
– It is located directly behind the navel and backwards at the level of solar plexus nerve
in spinal cord
Corresponds to:
– spleen and liver
– related to middle jiao
– can be regulated by point Ren 8 and Ren 12
Related acupuncture points:
– 2 openings:
• forward to the umbilicus
• backwards at the level of Du 5 and Du 6

121. Manipur Chakra (Solar or Light)
Properties:
Colour: Yellow
Note: “E”
Rhythm: 329.1 cycles/sec
Mantra: Rang
When blocked:
weakness, lethargy, depression, lack of motivation
since it is linked with the endocrine and digestive systems, may
suffer with diabetes, thyroid problem or Addinson’s disease
When open:
creativity increases, new born energy, balanced life, job satisfaction

122. Anahat Chakra (Heart)
• Acts as a central point for balance of energy moving upwards and downwards, associated
with heart
• Regulates:
– friendliness and sympathetic attitude
– compassion and understanding
– love
– inner peace and perfect harmony
Location:
– Center of thorax at heart plexus
Corresponds to:
– upper jiao
Related acupuncture points:
– 2 openings:
• forward to Ren 17
• backward to DU 11

123. Anahat Chakra (Heart)
Properties:
Colour: Green
Note: “F”
Rhythm: 349.2 cycles/sec
Mantra: yang
When blocked:
may cause breathing problems, heart problems, isolation, loneliness,
intense feelings of hatred
When open:
opens heart, unconditional love, caring, loving, sharing, artistic
compassion, poetic inspiration, imaginative powers, good in teaching
career

124. Vishudha Chakra (Throat)
• Known for purity
• Regulates strength, expressiveness of speech and creativity
Location:
– cervical plexus in the throat
– related to thyroid gland and vocal chords
Corresponds to:
– lung
Related acupuncture points:
– 2 openings:
• forward to larynx to connect with CV 22
• backward to DU 14

125. Vishudha Chakra (Throat)
Properties:
Colour: Green
Note: “G”
Rhythm: 392.0 cycles/sec
Mantra: hang
When blocked:
difficulty in expression, circumstantial speechlessness, throat
problem
When open:
calmness, purity, pleasing and impressive voice, ability to read
people, dream in future, poetic ability

126. Anjana Chakra (Third eye)
• Related to focus of mind, concentration, understanding, and
power of discernment and vision of knowledge
Location:
– base of skull in the brain
– possesses unlimited powers at medulla between eyebrows
Corresponds to:
– lung
Related acupuncture points:
– 2 openings:
• forward to HN 5 (Taiyang)
• backward to DU 15 (Yanmen)

127. Anjana Chakra (Third eye)
Properties:
Colour: Indigo
Note: “A”
Rhythm: 440.0 cycles/sec
Mantra: Om
When blocked:
vision problems, headache, confusion, heaviness in the region of
the head
When open:
intense peace, power of future reading, psychic powers arise and
develops

128. Sahasrara Chakra (Solar or Light)
• Represents the highest yang in the body
– also meeting point of entire yin in the base chakras
• Regulates the understanding of higher aspect of life and
connects with spiritual world
Location:
– situated out of the body around the head upon the cranium
Related acupuncture points:
– 2 openings:
• corresponds to point DU 20 and HN 1
• opens upward like a crown

129. Sahasrara Chakra (Solar or Light)
Properties:
Colour: Violet
Note: “B”
Rhythm: 493.0 cycles/sec
Mantra: Visarga
When blocked:
excessive ego, overwhelming pride
When open:
God-consciousness, heavenly peace, tranquility of mind, a
new born energy emerges with divine feeling

130. Five Elements in Relation to Chakras
• The pelvic plexus is related to earth
– at the heart of this plexus lies serpent fire
• sleeps throughout the ages until time is ripe to be
aroused
• Arousal acquired by the art of breathing
– one controls breath by sadhana

131. Five Elements in Relation to Chakras
• When serpent fire is aroused, as it passes up the spine, it
vivifies in turn each plexus:
– sacral plexus (water)
– solar plexus (fire)
– heart plexus (air)
– throat plexus (sky)

132. Five Elements & Chakras
• Five Element plexuses are force centers in the human
body
– so-called because, to clairvoyant sight, have the
appearance of spinning vortices

133. Outcome of Awakening Chakras
• Opens the centers and channels
• Transform from the super-physical to the physical
worlds
– provides conductors for super physical vibrations
• Psychic powers are fully unfolded and become available
for use while awake in the physical body

134. Indian Nadi Chinese Meridians
Kuhu Lungs
Alambusha Large Intestine
Gandhari Stomach
Hastijivha Spleen
Yashwini Heart
Payuswini Small Intestine
Varuni Urinary Bladder
Vishodara Kidney
Saraswati Pericardium
Shusmana Triple Warmer
Shakhini Gall Bladder
Pusha Liver
Ingla (Ida) Conception
Pingla Governing
Comparison of Indian Nadi and Chinese
Meridians

135. Some Important Yoga Postures for
Certain Diseases
• Diabetes
• Backache
• Ankylosing Spondylitis
• Memory
• Hypertension
• Bronchial Asthma
• General Health
• Flatulence
• Radiant Face

136. Ardha-Matsyendrasan

137. Vakrasan

138. Sheershasan

139. Dhanuasan

140. Padmasan

141. Bajrasan

142. Bhujangasan

143. Savasan

144. Thank You