3. Significance of Indian Philosophy
• It helps us to deal with ups and downs of life.
• It shows the way to achieve the goal of self
realization.
• It turns human beings to spiritual.
• It concerned with various philosophical problems-
Cosmology (nature of the world)
Metaphysics (nature of reality)
Epistemology (nature of physics)
Philosophy of religion/Ethics
4.
5. Sankhya
• Sankhya is a combination of-
‘Sam’ + ‘Khya’
(balanced) + (Knowledge)
• It is propounded by Maharshi Kapila, also known as
Kapila Tantra.
• Epistemology: all knowledge is possible through three
pramanas (means of valid knowledge) –
Pratyakasa (direct sense of perception)
Anumana (logical interference)
Sabda (verbal testimony)
6. Sankhya
• Sankhya system classified all objects into one of two
categories –
1) Purusha
2) Prakriti
• All physical events are considered to be manifestations
of the evolution of Prakriti.
• It provides an alternate viewpoint, by drawing a
metaphysical line between consciousness and matter.
• It is intimately related to the substance dualism.
• The end of this bondage is Moksha.
8. 25 Elements of Sankhya
8 Prakritis
(primary/productive)
1) The prakriti as avayakta
(undeveloped principle)
2) The buddhi (intellect)
3) The ahamkara
(vaikara,taijasa,bhutadi)
4-8) The five tanmatras essences
of sound, touch, colour, savor
and odour.
16 Vikaras
(modification)
9-13) The buddhindriyas
(perceptive organ)
14-18) The five karmendriyas
(active organs)
19) Manas (central organ or
mind)
20-24) The mahabhutas
(material elements)
9. Life
Parameters Sattva Rajas Tamas
Principle Purity, knowledge,
harmony
Passion,
manipulation
Impurity
Qualities Pure, forgiving Tries to impress,
untrue to self
Laziness, darkness
Characteristics Samadhi, liberation Wants attachment,
satisfaction, desires
Ignorance
Foods Fresh fruits,
veggies, whole
grains
Fried and spicy
food, caffeine
Alcohol, meat,
processed food
10. “When one rises above the three
gunas that originate in the body;
one is freed from birth, old age,
disease, and death; and attains
enlightenment” (Bhagavad Gita
14.20)
12. 1. Sankhya philosophy was
propounded by?
a) Gautama
b) Kapila
c) Patanjali
d) Bruhaspathi
2. The sankhya system is a type of –
a) Physical materialism
b) Spiritual materialism
c) Biological materialism
d) Scientific materialism
4. Which one is not epistemology
of sankhya philosophy?
a) Pratyaksa (direct sense
perception)
b) Purusha (pure
unconsciousness)
c) Anumana (inference)
d) Sabda (verbal testimony)
3. In sankhya how many types of
Gunas are there?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
13. 5. Sankhya is based on which
indian school of philosophy?
a) Orthodox
b) Heterodox
c) Carvaka
d) None of the above
6. What are the aims of education
of Sankhya philosophy?
a) Knowledge
b) Power
c) Attaining perfection of Purusa
d) None of these
8. How many vikaras are there in
Sankhya philosophy?
a) 15
b) 16
c) 17
d) 18
7.What are the models of reality of
sankhya philosophy?
a) Pragmatic
b) Dualism
c) Non Dualistic
d) None of this
14. 9. Which of these element can
realized the absolute distinction
between purusha and prakriti?
a)Manas
b)Buddhi
c)Rajasa
d)Avyakta
10. Which one is not included
in non vedic philosophies?
a) Buddhism
b) Sankhya
c) Jainism
d) Charvaka
11. What are the methods of
learning through sankhya
philosophy?
a) Activity based learning
b) Behavioral learning
c) Lecture method
d) None of this
12.What are the role of teacher
according to Sankhya philosophy?
a) Facilitator
b) Strict ruler
c) Only imparting knowledge
d) None of these
