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b 3 sustainability Prepared by Alan Richardson August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson Stakeholders HVAC Improving energy efficiency in existing non-residential buildings
Housekeeping & Course Schedule ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Contact and resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Recognition and Awards ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],September 22, 2010 Prepared by Alan Richardson  Printed on recycled paper
Stakeholders ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],September 22, 2010 Prepared and delivered by Alan Richardson – The Building Institute of Training and Development. Printed on recycled paper
Learning outcomes for today ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],September 22, 2010 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Our Roadmap ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson Today
Learning objective for the course September 22, 2010 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Learning outcomes for the course August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Learning outcomes cont. September 22, 2010 Prepared by Alan Richardson  Printed on recycled paper
What is sustainability? ,[object Object],[object Object],September 22, 2010 Prepared and delivered by Alan Richardson – The Building Institute of Training and Development. Printed on recycled paper
So where are you at? August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson as an individual? as an organisation? Conscious  Competent  Unconscious  Not Yet Competent Unconscious  Competent Conscious  Not Yet Competent
Quiz ,[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson One tonne of CO2e   emitted by a coal fired power plant is equivalent to how many kWh of electricity? How many tonnes of CO2e per year does an average sized family car emit? What is the recommended flow rate of water for a household shower? How may Litres (L) does an Olympic swimming pool hold when full? What is the measure of instantaneous electrical load? When we want to express the amount of electrical energy used over a period of time we express it as kilowatt hours (kWh). How many 20 Watt light bulbs burning for one hour will consume 1,000 kWh of electricity?
Australia’ s energy use ,[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Commercial building energy use ,[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
There is always a stick! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Consumption vs peak demand ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Do you remember the heatwave week 31 January - 4 Feburary 2011?  ,[object Object],Peak demand 12pm – 4pm Source: www.greenbuildingsalive.com/blog
Breakdown of an electricity bill ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson Typical cost Energy Peak 6 c/kWh Off peak 3 c/kWh Network Network peak 2.5 c/kWh Network off peak 0.8 c/kWh Network standing charge - Demand $6/ kW-month Other E&REC - MRET 0.1 c/kWh NEMCO ancillary 0.07 c/kWh NEMCO pool fees 0.05 c/kWh Meter provision $900 pa Retail service fee -
Building peak demand versus NABERS Energy ratings for 25 Sydney office buildings ,[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson Source: www.greenbuildingsalive.com/blog
Energy costs forecasted ,[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson Source: The Road To Green Property by Davis Langdon
Australia ’s marginal abatement cost curve Low cost High cost Source: ClimateWorks
Australian building’s marginal abatement cost curve Low cost options High cost options Source: ClimateWorks
What is HVAC? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Central HVAC Air Handling Unit (AHU) AHU Chiller HWS Building Management System Cooling tower Diffuser Outside air intake Pumps with VSDs Heating coil Cooling coil Variable Speed Drive VSD VSD AHU Air Handling Unit (AHU) Variable Air Valve (VAV)
Central HVAC Air Handling Unit (AHU) AHU Chiller HWS Building Management System Cooling tower Diffuser How the cooling cycle in a central HVAC system Pumps with VSDs Heating coil Cooling coil Variable Speed Drive VSD VSD AHU AHU
Self contained packaged HVAC August 22, 2011
Why energy efficiency in HVAC? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is your approach to energy efficiency? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2010 Prepared by Alan Richardson Does this sound similar to how organisations  manage OHS risk?
Energy efficiency opportunities in HVAC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Barriers to implementation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Drivers for energy efficiency decisions in large tenanted commercial buildings  August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson Source: ClimateWorks
Decision making ,[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
What to do and when?  Source:
Financing options available to fund energy efficiency opportunities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Financing options available to fund energy efficiency opportunities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Financing options available to fund energy efficiency opportunities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Funding energy efficiency opportunities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Energy efficiency opportunities in HVAC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Upgrade HVAC control system using Direct Digital Control (DDC)  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Upgrade HVAC control system using Direct Digital Control (DDC)  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Upgrade Building Management System (BMS) to Energy Management System (EMS) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Mixed mode ventilation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Reducing electrical loads ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Players comfort? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
What is a deadband control strategy? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
What are the energy savings from a deadband control strategy? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
What is the best deadband range? ,[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Economy cycle and  free cooling ,[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson Source: www.energystar.gov Return air, damper closed, becomes exhaust air Air Handling Unit (AHU) 100% outside air No heating or cooling of outside air
Economy cycle and  free cooling ,[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson Source: www.energystar.gov Return air, damper closed, becomes exhaust air Air Handling Unit (AHU) 100% outside air No heating or cooling of outside air
Economy cycle and  free cooling ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Economy cycle and  free cooling ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Economiser ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Economiser ,[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson Source: http://www.airchange.com.au/
Demand control ventilation ,[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson Source: http://www.airchange.com.au/
Night purge ,[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Night purge ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Other change practices to reduce peak demand ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Variable speed drives (VSDs) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared Alan Richardson
Variable speed drives (VSDs) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared Alan Richardson
What are the energy savings from VSDs? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared Alan Richardson
Maintenance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared Alan Richardson
Chiller upgrade  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
Chiller upgrade case study ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson

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HVAC Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings

  • 1. b 3 sustainability Prepared by Alan Richardson August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson Stakeholders HVAC Improving energy efficiency in existing non-residential buildings
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  • 8. Learning objective for the course September 22, 2010 Prepared by Alan Richardson
  • 9. Learning outcomes for the course August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson
  • 10. Learning outcomes cont. September 22, 2010 Prepared by Alan Richardson Printed on recycled paper
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  • 12. So where are you at? August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson as an individual? as an organisation? Conscious Competent Unconscious Not Yet Competent Unconscious Competent Conscious Not Yet Competent
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  • 22. Australia ’s marginal abatement cost curve Low cost High cost Source: ClimateWorks
  • 23. Australian building’s marginal abatement cost curve Low cost options High cost options Source: ClimateWorks
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  • 25. Central HVAC Air Handling Unit (AHU) AHU Chiller HWS Building Management System Cooling tower Diffuser Outside air intake Pumps with VSDs Heating coil Cooling coil Variable Speed Drive VSD VSD AHU Air Handling Unit (AHU) Variable Air Valve (VAV)
  • 26. Central HVAC Air Handling Unit (AHU) AHU Chiller HWS Building Management System Cooling tower Diffuser How the cooling cycle in a central HVAC system Pumps with VSDs Heating coil Cooling coil Variable Speed Drive VSD VSD AHU AHU
  • 27. Self contained packaged HVAC August 22, 2011
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  • 32. Drivers for energy efficiency decisions in large tenanted commercial buildings August 22, 2011 Prepared by Alan Richardson Source: ClimateWorks
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  • 34. What to do and when? Source:
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Editor's Notes

  1. The Air-conditioning Comfort Chart was developed following the collection of a very large sample of data from people who were subjected to a range of combinations of temperature and humidity in an air-conditioned space and asked to nominate their degree of comfort. It indicates the range of comfort conditions in winter and in summer when participants were wearing appropriate clothing for each season. The chart also indicates the area where most of the people are comfortable most of the time whether they are wearing winter or summer clothing. By setting air-conditioning system controls to maintain conditions within the appropriate range for winter (20-24) or summer (23-26) conditions this will result in significant energy savings relative to the situation
  2. The Air-conditioning Comfort Chart was developed following the collection of a very large sample of data from people who were subjected to a range of combinations of temperature and humidity in an air-conditioned space and asked to nominate their degree of comfort. It indicates the range of comfort conditions in winter and in summer when participants were wearing appropriate clothing for each season. The chart also indicates the area where most of the people are comfortable most of the time whether they are wearing winter or summer clothing. By setting air-conditioning system controls to maintain conditions within the appropriate range for winter (20-24) or summer (23-26) conditions this will result in significant energy savings relative to the situation
  3. The Air-conditioning Comfort Chart was developed following the collection of a very large sample of data from people who were subjected to a range of combinations of temperature and humidity in an air-conditioned space and asked to nominate their degree of comfort. It indicates the range of comfort conditions in winter and in summer when participants were wearing appropriate clothing for each season. The chart also indicates the area where most of the people are comfortable most of the time whether they are wearing winter or summer clothing. By setting air-conditioning system controls to maintain conditions within the appropriate range for winter (20-24) or summer (23-26) conditions this will result in significant energy savings relative to the situation
  4. The Air-conditioning Comfort Chart was developed following the collection of a very large sample of data from people who were subjected to a range of combinations of temperature and humidity in an air-conditioned space and asked to nominate their degree of comfort. It indicates the range of comfort conditions in winter and in summer when participants were wearing appropriate clothing for each season. The chart also indicates the area where most of the people are comfortable most of the time whether they are wearing winter or summer clothing. By setting air-conditioning system controls to maintain conditions within the appropriate range for winter (20-24) or summer (23-26) conditions this will result in significant energy savings relative to the situation
  5. The Air-conditioning Comfort Chart was developed following the collection of a very large sample of data from people who were subjected to a range of combinations of temperature and humidity in an air-conditioned space and asked to nominate their degree of comfort. It indicates the range of comfort conditions in winter and in summer when participants were wearing appropriate clothing for each season. The chart also indicates the area where most of the people are comfortable most of the time whether they are wearing winter or summer clothing. By setting air-conditioning system controls to maintain conditions within the appropriate range for winter (20-24) or summer (23-26) conditions this will result in significant energy savings relative to the situation
  6. The Air-conditioning Comfort Chart was developed following the collection of a very large sample of data from people who were subjected to a range of combinations of temperature and humidity in an air-conditioned space and asked to nominate their degree of comfort. It indicates the range of comfort conditions in winter and in summer when participants were wearing appropriate clothing for each season. The chart also indicates the area where most of the people are comfortable most of the time whether they are wearing winter or summer clothing. By setting air-conditioning system controls to maintain conditions within the appropriate range for winter (20-24) or summer (23-26) conditions this will result in significant energy savings relative to the situation
  7. The Air-conditioning Comfort Chart was developed following the collection of a very large sample of data from people who were subjected to a range of combinations of temperature and humidity in an air-conditioned space and asked to nominate their degree of comfort. It indicates the range of comfort conditions in winter and in summer when participants were wearing appropriate clothing for each season. The chart also indicates the area where most of the people are comfortable most of the time whether they are wearing winter or summer clothing. By setting air-conditioning system controls to maintain conditions within the appropriate range for winter (20-24) or summer (23-26) conditions this will result in significant energy savings relative to the situation
  8. The Air-conditioning Comfort Chart was developed following the collection of a very large sample of data from people who were subjected to a range of combinations of temperature and humidity in an air-conditioned space and asked to nominate their degree of comfort. It indicates the range of comfort conditions in winter and in summer when participants were wearing appropriate clothing for each season. The chart also indicates the area where most of the people are comfortable most of the time whether they are wearing winter or summer clothing. By setting air-conditioning system controls to maintain conditions within the appropriate range for winter (20-24) or summer (23-26) conditions this will result in significant energy savings relative to the situation
  9. The Air-conditioning Comfort Chart was developed following the collection of a very large sample of data from people who were subjected to a range of combinations of temperature and humidity in an air-conditioned space and asked to nominate their degree of comfort. It indicates the range of comfort conditions in winter and in summer when participants were wearing appropriate clothing for each season. The chart also indicates the area where most of the people are comfortable most of the time whether they are wearing winter or summer clothing. By setting air-conditioning system controls to maintain conditions within the appropriate range for winter (20-24) or summer (23-26) conditions this will result in significant energy savings relative to the situation
  10. The Air-conditioning Comfort Chart was developed following the collection of a very large sample of data from people who were subjected to a range of combinations of temperature and humidity in an air-conditioned space and asked to nominate their degree of comfort. It indicates the range of comfort conditions in winter and in summer when participants were wearing appropriate clothing for each season. The chart also indicates the area where most of the people are comfortable most of the time whether they are wearing winter or summer clothing. By setting air-conditioning system controls to maintain conditions within the appropriate range for winter (20-24) or summer (23-26) conditions this will result in significant energy savings relative to the situation
  11. The Air-conditioning Comfort Chart was developed following the collection of a very large sample of data from people who were subjected to a range of combinations of temperature and humidity in an air-conditioned space and asked to nominate their degree of comfort. It indicates the range of comfort conditions in winter and in summer when participants were wearing appropriate clothing for each season. The chart also indicates the area where most of the people are comfortable most of the time whether they are wearing winter or summer clothing. By setting air-conditioning system controls to maintain conditions within the appropriate range for winter (20-24) or summer (23-26) conditions this will result in significant energy savings relative to the situation
  12. The Air-conditioning Comfort Chart was developed following the collection of a very large sample of data from people who were subjected to a range of combinations of temperature and humidity in an air-conditioned space and asked to nominate their degree of comfort. It indicates the range of comfort conditions in winter and in summer when participants were wearing appropriate clothing for each season. The chart also indicates the area where most of the people are comfortable most of the time whether they are wearing winter or summer clothing. By setting air-conditioning system controls to maintain conditions within the appropriate range for winter (20-24) or summer (23-26) conditions this will result in significant energy savings relative to the situation
  13. The Air-conditioning Comfort Chart was developed following the collection of a very large sample of data from people who were subjected to a range of combinations of temperature and humidity in an air-conditioned space and asked to nominate their degree of comfort. It indicates the range of comfort conditions in winter and in summer when participants were wearing appropriate clothing for each season. The chart also indicates the area where most of the people are comfortable most of the time whether they are wearing winter or summer clothing. By setting air-conditioning system controls to maintain conditions within the appropriate range for winter (20-24) or summer (23-26) conditions this will result in significant energy savings relative to the situation
  14. The Air-conditioning Comfort Chart was developed following the collection of a very large sample of data from people who were subjected to a range of combinations of temperature and humidity in an air-conditioned space and asked to nominate their degree of comfort. It indicates the range of comfort conditions in winter and in summer when participants were wearing appropriate clothing for each season. The chart also indicates the area where most of the people are comfortable most of the time whether they are wearing winter or summer clothing. By setting air-conditioning system controls to maintain conditions within the appropriate range for winter (20-24) or summer (23-26) conditions this will result in significant energy savings relative to the situation
  15. The Air-conditioning Comfort Chart was developed following the collection of a very large sample of data from people who were subjected to a range of combinations of temperature and humidity in an air-conditioned space and asked to nominate their degree of comfort. It indicates the range of comfort conditions in winter and in summer when participants were wearing appropriate clothing for each season. The chart also indicates the area where most of the people are comfortable most of the time whether they are wearing winter or summer clothing. By setting air-conditioning system controls to maintain conditions within the appropriate range for winter (20-24) or summer (23-26) conditions this will result in significant energy savings relative to the situation