Here you will get the necessary knowledge of the element HELIUM and , its uses, its importance in future, its properties, and its applications etc.

1. PRESENTED BY:- AKHILESH UIKAY
CLASS 10TH
’B’
ELEMENT:-”HELIUM”……

3. The Noble Gases
• Group 18 Elements
-Helium -Neon
-Argon -Krypton
-Xenon -Radon
• Helium is used to fill
balloons.
• Neon signs contain
noble gases.

4. A Ballooning Crisis: Technical
and Policy Recommendations on
the Helium Shortage

5. Helium Shortage OverviewHelium Shortage Overview
• Helium shortage existed since 2006Helium shortage existed since 2006
• Helium has numerous applicationsHelium has numerous applications
• Federal Helium Reserve Program hasFederal Helium Reserve Program has
existed since the 1960sexisted since the 1960s
• Current legislation may determine theCurrent legislation may determine the
future of this finite resourcefuture of this finite resource

6. Helium HistoryHelium History
• Interest began in WWI for defenseInterest began in WWI for defense
• Continued use of Helium after WWIContinued use of Helium after WWI
lead to the formation of the Bushlead to the formation of the Bush
Dome Reservoir/Federal HeliumDome Reservoir/Federal Helium
Reserve ProgramReserve Program
• People lost interest in helium towardsPeople lost interest in helium towards
the end of the 1900’s, but it has sincethe end of the 1900’s, but it has since
regained importance for science andregained importance for science and
technology.technology.

7. Uniqueness of HeliumUniqueness of Helium
• Liquefies at lower temperature thanLiquefies at lower temperature than
all other elementsall other elements66
• Chemically inertChemically inert
• Highest specific heat capacity of anyHighest specific heat capacity of any
gaseous elementgaseous element
• Invisible- cannot be renderedInvisible- cannot be rendered
radioactiveradioactive77

8. Uses of HeliumUses of Helium

11. Helium ApplicationsHelium Applications
Daily Life Applications:Daily Life Applications:
• LCD screen manufacturing-used toLCD screen manufacturing-used to
make sleeve for glass tube in fibermake sleeve for glass tube in fiber
opticsoptics
• Welding for specialty metals- chemicalWelding for specialty metals- chemical
inertness and high heat capacityinertness and high heat capacity
• Processing of semiconductor phoneProcessing of semiconductor phone
chips- cryogenic use and to flush thechips- cryogenic use and to flush the
vesselsvessels

12. Helium in HealthcareHelium in Healthcare
• Helium used as coolant for magnet inHelium used as coolant for magnet in
Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI)Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI)
technologytechnology
• ~75,000 MRI scans/day, ~20,000 jobs~75,000 MRI scans/day, ~20,000 jobs
at GE Healthcare alone are MRIat GE Healthcare alone are MRI
specificspecific88

13. During shortage, many patientsDuring shortage, many patients
will wait for necessary scanswill wait for necessary scans

14. Helium in DefenseHelium in Defense
• Defense is where it all began andDefense is where it all began and
continues helium’s use as a lifting gascontinues helium’s use as a lifting gas
• Safer than hydrogen as it is lessSafer than hydrogen as it is less
flammableflammable
• Previously used for air travel,Previously used for air travel,
currently used for observation incurrently used for observation in
blimps and balloonsblimps and balloons
• Helium-3 is used in neutron detectorsHelium-3 is used in neutron detectors
at bordersat borders

15. DOI-BLM. <http://www.blm.gov/nm/st/en/prog/energy/helium/federal_helium_program.html>.

16. LegislationLegislation
1996 Helium Privatization Act1996 Helium Privatization Act44
• Based on debt to National TreasuryBased on debt to National Treasury
• Required sell-off of helium at flat rateRequired sell-off of helium at flat rate
• Price mandated by government, notPrice mandated by government, not
marketmarket
• Did not accurately predict future usesDid not accurately predict future uses
of heliumof helium

17. Upcoming LegislationUpcoming Legislation
2012 Helium Stewardship Act2012 Helium Stewardship Act55
• Allows Federal Helium Reserve toAllows Federal Helium Reserve to
remain self-sustainable withoutremain self-sustainable without
government appropriationsgovernment appropriations
• Government phase out- no longerGovernment phase out- no longer
regulates pricesregulates prices
• Slow phase out will allow for time toSlow phase out will allow for time to
form new mines and keep market fromform new mines and keep market from
a monopoly.a monopoly.

18. Helium’s FutureHelium’s Future
• As applications increase the FederalAs applications increase the Federal
Helium Reserve must remainHelium Reserve must remain
operational- swift passage of S.2374operational- swift passage of S.2374
• House companion billHouse companion bill
• New plants should be createdNew plants should be created
• Reuse technology should beReuse technology should be
encouraged and mandated for largeencouraged and mandated for large
companiescompanies
• Possible areas for public awarenessPossible areas for public awareness

19. Helium-3: The Future Energy Source?Helium-3: The Future Energy Source?

20. OverviewOverview
 Helium-3 Background
 What Is it…Where Is it Found?
 How Do We get it?
 Current Energy Demands
 U.S.
 Global
 Fossil Fuels & Nuclear Energy
 Other Energy Alternatives
 He3 Global Implications
 He3 Economic Implications
 Way Ahead
 Conclusion

21. What is Helium-3…Where Do We Find It?What is Helium-3…Where Do We Find It?
 He3 is naturally produced through fusion in the
sun
 Settles on the moon’s surface
 Earths atmosphere repels He3 from settling
on its surface
 He3 combined with deuterium produces energy
 There is 10 times more energy in He3 than in all
of the fossil fuels on Earth (oil, coal, natural gas)

23. Helium-3…How Do We Get It?Helium-3…How Do We Get It?
Artist's rendition of He3
mining machine
Using direct sun energy, He3 particles
will then be heated to about 1400 degrees
1400 degrees is the required temperature
to convert He3 to usable energy

24.  He3 is not a proven concept but has potential
 Estimated 30 – 50 years before Earth could use He3
 Increased funding would decrease timeline
 Much research and work remains
 What’s appealing about He3?
 Abundance of energy
 Clean energy
 What’s unappealing?
 Unproven technology
 Costly R&D / production

25. United States Energy UseUnited States Energy Use
 U.S. spends about $440 billion annually for energy
 Consumes about 6.2B barrels of oil per year
 Consumes about 965M tons of coal per year
 Energy needs expected to increase over the next 25 years

26. Global Energy UseGlobal Energy Use
 World oil consumption is
expected to grow by 1.3 million
bbl/d in both 2008 and 2009
 Projected 50% increase in
energy requirements by 2030
 China/India represent
45% of the increase
 World coal usage approx 5.3
B tons
 Expected to increase by
2.2B every year through
2025

27. Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Energy: Rising ConcernsFossil Fuels and Nuclear Energy: Rising Concerns
OilOil
• Some speculation of “peak oil” inSome speculation of “peak oil” in
40-50 years40-50 years
• Environmental issuesEnvironmental issues
• Geopolitical factorsGeopolitical factors
• Rising costsRising costs
Natural gasNatural gas
• North American natural gas atNorth American natural gas at
or near peakor near peak
• Alaska / other continents gasAlaska / other continents gas
resources costly to transportresources costly to transport
CoalCoal
• Est. 275 years of resourcesEst. 275 years of resources
• Environmental issuesEnvironmental issues
NuclearNuclear
• Radioactive wasteRadioactive waste
• Replace aging reactorsReplace aging reactors
• Public health hazardPublic health hazard

28. HydrogenHydrogen
WindWind
Bio-dieselBio-diesel
EthanolEthanol
SolarSolar
Current /Emerging Energy AlternativesCurrent /Emerging Energy Alternatives
FusionFusion
HydroHydro

29. Global ImplicationsGlobal Implications

30. U.S.U.S.
Return to moon 2020Return to moon 2020
Establish Moon BaseEstablish Moon Base
Moon Mining?Moon Mining?
RussiaRussia
• Manned moonManned moon
mission--2022mission--2022
• Mining by 2030Mining by 2030
ChinChin
• Man on moon by 202Man on moon by 202
• Moon MiningMoon Mining
ndiandia
Various Space InitiativesVarious Space Initiatives
European UnionEuropean Union
• FranceFrance
• GermanyGermany
U.N. & Rest of the WorldU.N. & Rest of the World
GlobalGlobal
ImplicationsImplications

31. Questions?Questions?

32. Global Implications: Existing Space TreatiesGlobal Implications: Existing Space Treaties
 Outer Space Treaty -- 1967Outer Space Treaty -- 1967
 Moon Agreement -- 1984Moon Agreement -- 1984
 Additional treaties, agreements andAdditional treaties, agreements and
international law requiredinternational law required