Force and motion assignment

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Force and Motion
Force and motion If you push or pull on something, you are using force to
try to move it or put it into motion.
There are many examples of force and motion that we encounter in our daily
lives. Below are a few examples.
 Get out of bed
 Walk to school
 Open a door
Force
Force – “Strength or energy exerted or brought to bear: cause of motion or
change.”
When we push or pull objects, we are applying force.

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Motion
Motion – “an act, process, or instance of changing place.”
When we move our legs to walk, we are putting them in motion.
Force vs. Motion
Friction Speed
Gravity Velocity
Push Acceleration
Pull Momentum
Different types of force
1. Friction
Friction – “Theforce that resists relative motion between two bodies in
contact.”
Friction occurs when you rub a balloon against your hair.

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2. Gravity
Gravity – “The gravitational attraction of the mass of the
earth, the moon, or a planet for bodies at or near its
surface.”
An apple falling from a tree is the result of gravity.
3. Magnetism
Magnetism– “A class of physicalphenomena that
include the attraction for iron observed in a loadstone
or magnet.”
Magnets are attracted to many different types of metals.
Different types of Motion
1. Momentum
Momentum – “A property of a moving bodythat determines the length
of time required to bring it to rest.”
A fast moving car struggles to stop quickly due to its forward
momentum.
You can see that all the different cars have different velocities, hence

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different momentum. But the overall momentum remains the same.
The difference in momentum is zero. This arises because forces act
2. Acceleration
Acceleration – “To cause to move faster.”
The car accelerated to a high speed very quickly.
3. Speed
Speed – “The act of moving swiftly.” “The rate of motion.”
A cheetah has the ability to run at a high rate of speed.
4. Velocity
Velocity – “The rate of position along a straight line with respect to
time.”
A professional soccerplayer can kick a soccer ball with
Powerful forward. A soccer player is kicking a soccerball.
The ball travels in a projectile.
Newton’s laws of motion
Sir Isaac Newton had three laws of motion.

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Newton’s 1st law
“An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced
force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed
and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.’’
Newton’s 2nd law
“Acceleration is produce
when a force acts on a mass.
The greater the mass (of the object
being accelerated) the greater
the amount of force needed
(to accelerate the object).”

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Newton’s 3rd law
“For every action there is an equal and opposite re-action.”
Graphing Nonlinear
Graphs
1. Graphs are diagrams (pictures) that can be used to
display/compare collected data.
2. A graph is a diagram which represents a functional
relationship between sets of numbers which are depicted as sets of points
that have coordinates determined by the relationship. It can also refer to a
pictorial device that illustrates quantitative relationship.
Types of Graph
The different types of graphs: line graphs, bar graphs, pictographs, pie
charts, cosmography, organizational graphs as well as flow charts.

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Linear graph
Not all experimental data from a graph with a straight line. Graphs in which
the data points yield a straight line are called linear graphs.
Nonlinear graph
A line graph in which the data points do not fall along a straight line is called
a nonlinear graph.
Differences between Linear and Nonlinear Graphs
A linear graph is made up of a line graph. Every unit on the graph is the
same depending on each point in the graph. Non-linear graphs are parabolas
and not straight lines.

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Graphing Accelerated Motion
Acceleration - time graph (a-t graph)
The a-t (Acceleration - time) graph gives the acceleration of a moving object
at different times.
Here are 3 examples of a-t graph representing the motion of 3 different cars
Case1: From this graph, we know that the speed is increasing and
the s-t graph should also be increasing with a concave downward
shape.
A-t graph of case 1
Case2: From this graph, we know that the
object should either travel in constant speed or at rest.
A-t graph of case 2

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Case3: From this graph, the v-t (Speed - time) graph and s-t (Distance -
time) graph are all increasing with concave downward shape.
A-t graph of case 3
The area enclosed by the graph between a certain time intervals represents
the change in velocity during that time interval.
How to interpret a-t graph
Oh, the graph with this shapes again! This time, it is a a-t graph. Let's see
how to interpret it.
ab : Increasing acceleration (Velocity increases and the rate is faster and
faster)
bc: Decreasing acceleration (Velocity still increases but the rate is slower and
slower)
cd: Increasing deceleration (Velocity decreases and the decreasing rate is
faster and faster)
de: Decreasing deceleration (Velocitydecreases but the decreasing rate is
slower and slower)

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References
www.ask.com
Merriam-Webster.com.
http://library.thinkquest.org/28388/Mechanics/Velacc/graph.htm