4. Vir Gene Induction
• Vir A
• Auto-
phosphorylates
Membrane linked
sensor kinases
• Vir G
• Phosphorylates
Activates
• All vir genes
• Vir A and Vir G
Induces
*chvE glucose/galactose transporter
7. Transfer of T-DNA out of B-
Cell
Cytoplasm
VirE2
T-
DNA/Vir
D2
comple
x
T pilus
*Vir B operon
and VirD4
8. T-DNA into Plant Cell and Nuclear
Localization
T-DNA Strand
covered with
VirE2
Protect the T-
DNA from
nucleases
Nuclear
localization
Correct
conformation
for passage
through NPC
9. Nuclear localization
VirD2 and VirE2 interacts with variety
of plant proteins
Ensuring nuclear localization of T-DNA
Complex
10. VirD2
NLS
Facilitates its
interaction with
plant protein
Importins
Recognition
and transport
through NPC
Only those
proteins that
possess NLS
VirE2
Two NLS
Mediated by
another plant
protein
VIP1
Nuclear localization
11. Entry
T-DNA and associated proteins pass
through the nuclear pore with bound
VirE2 proteins
Correct conformation to the T-DNA
strand