This lecture discusses about dictionary development.

1. 6. Development of Dictionary
Verb-adverb combination
Lecture No. 6
Zafar Ullah,
zafarullah76@gmail.com

2. Lexcicography
• Lexicography
• Theoretical lexicography: scholarly discipline to
theorize principles and ways to analyze it.
• Practical lexicography: to write dictionary
practically.
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3. Types of Dictionaries
• ESP, EOP
• Bilingual
• Multilingual
• Historical
• Biographical
• Geographical dictionaries
• Dictionaries of each discipline, dictionary of
computer science, medical science etc
• Register, Glossaries, terms
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4. Internal Structure of a Dictionary
• Headword, lemma
• Pronunciation
• POS
• Semantic
• Cross reference
• collocation
• usage
• Etymological, historical notes
• image
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5. Introduction of Dictionaries
• One of the first dictionaries, entitled The
Dictionary of Syr Thomas Eliot Knyght (1538),
was actually bilingual.
• It was followed by others, such as the Dictionarie
French and English (1593) by Claudius
Hollyband.
• In 1582, a man named Richard Mulcaster
wrote The Elementarie, a spelling guide with
undefined words.
•
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6. Cont…
• In 1604, Robert Cawdrey compiled the first
'authentic' English dictionary, entitled Table
Alphabeticall, which contained just 2,543 words
and their definitions. Cawdrey is to be credited
for inventing the idea that a dictionary should flow
from A to Z.
• In 1616 English Expositor (1616) by John
Bullokar and English Dictionary by Elisha Coles.
• In 1656, Glossographia by Thomas Blount was
published, containing more than 10,000 words
along with their etymologies, or histories.
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7. Cont…
• A few years later, a rival dictionary, The New
World of English Words: Or, a General
Dictionary, was written by Edward Phillips.
Phillips boldly plagiarized Blount's work.
• In 1755, Samuel Johnson in two volumes. It was
entitled Dictionary of the English Language.
• The Oxford English Dictionary: John Simpson;
Edmund Weiner - Oxford University Press.
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8. Webster Noah’s Dictionary
• Noah Webster (1758–1843), wrote, A
Compendious Dictionary of the English Language,
in 1806. He popularized features which would
become a hallmark of American English spelling
(center rather than centre, honor rather
than honour, program rather than programme, etc.)
and included technical terms from the arts and
sciences rather than confining his dictionary to
literary words. Webster was a proponent of English
spelling reform for reasons both philological and
nationalistic.
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9. Corpus and Lexicography
• Brigham young University corpora
• https://www.english-corpora.org/
• Corona virus corpus
• https://www.english-corpora.org/corona/
• Sketchengine tool, Voyant, antconc etc
• Frequency, examples, emergence of new words,
arrangement
• SQL for databases
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10. Urdu Dictionaries
• FARHANG E AASFEA
• Nassem ul Lughat
• Ilmi Lughat
• Oxford English Urdu Dictionary By Shan ul Haq
Haqqi
• MUQTADRA E QOMI ZUBAN URDU
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11. Verb Adverb Combination
• An important characteristic of the modern
vocabulary is the large number of expressions
like :set out, gather up ,put off, bring in, made up,
of a common verb, often of one syllable,
combine with and adverb.
• Collocations
• Verb+adverb
• He drove carefully. They set out a journey.
• Adverb+verb
• He was badly damaged in the accident.
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