Here is a file on Philippine pronunciation and its lexicography. Also included here are the tips on learning the correct Filipino pronunciation and the nuances of its lexicography.

1. Pronunciation and the
Philippine Dictionaries
Prepared by:
Sherilyn E. Nuesca
PHD-Language Teaching
LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Dagupan City, Philippines
Institute of Graduates and Professional Studies

2. Objectives
• Introduce Filipino pronunciation
• Give reasons why pronunciation in Filipino is important
• Provide tips on learning the correct Filipino pronunciation

3. Pronunciation
• the act or result of producing the
sounds of speech, including
articulation, stress, and
intonation, often with reference
to some standard of correctness or
acceptability (Dictionary.com)
https://www.filipinopod101.com/filipino-
pronunciation/?fbclid=IwAR0zmyj4yVmTUPc0tf77icXwujjmq9uN5i5ajp0dvkd5ht93pDC0ydOEaJs

4. Videoclip
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0W7rY1R2f8E&t=15s

5. Filipino Pronunciation
• To be able to sound like a native speaker
• To make others understand your words
• To improve grasp of what is happening with speakers around you
https://www.filipinopod101.com/filipino-
pronunciation/?fbclid=IwAR0zmyj4yVmTUPc0tf77icXwujjmq9uN5i5ajp0dvkd5ht93pDC0ydOEaJs

6. Sounds and Syllables
Filipino alphabet contains 28 letters
a, b, d, e, f, g, h, I, j, k, l, m, n, Ñ, ng, o, p, q,
r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, and z.
15 consonants and 5 vowels
8 letters make up the current alphabet: c, f, j,
Ñ, q, v, x, and z

7. Stresses
• Three stresses
• 1. words with two syllables-stress is on the first syllable
e.g. tao, bata, saging
• 2. words with three syllables-stress is on the second syllable
e.g. maganda, bulaklak, lalakad
• 3. words that have three or more syllables-stress is on the thirds
syllable
e.g. paaralan, kasintahan, mamamalengke

8. Why is correct pronunciation in Filipino
Important?
• 1. Good understanding
• 2. Good communication
• 3. Good Impression

9. Secrets to Learning the Correct Filipino
Pronunciation
• 1. Use voice recording tools to perfect pronunciation
• 2. Practice in front of the mirror
• 3. Train your ear to the language
• 4.Practice, practice, practice
• 5. Make friends with a native Filipino speaker
• 6. Practice pronunciation with your Filipino teacher

10. Videoclip
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OP84sUsEltk

11. Philippine Dictionaries
Objectives
• Define dictionary and lexicography
• Classify Philippine dictionaries

12. Dictionary
• a book or electronic resource that lists the words of a language
(typically in alphabetical order) and gives their meaning, or gives
the equivalent words in a different language, often also providing
information about pronunciation, origin, and usage.
• The purpose for which a dictionary is intended for is a powerful
determining factor for its pedagogical usefulness (Hartmann,
1983).

16. Dictionary
• The term “dictionary” is a powerful word; the word suggests
authority, scholarship and precision (Landau, 1981. p.6).
• People tend to believe that dictionaries tell them what is or is not
allowed in a language (Sinclair, 1987).
• What makes a good dictionary according to Haas (1962) is one in
which you can find the word you are looking for preferably in the
very first place you look.

17. Three Categories of Dictionary (Malkiel cited
in Landau, 1989)
• 1. perspective
• 2. presentation
• 3. Range

18. Lexicography
• the professional activity and academic field concerned with
dictionaries and other reference works (Hartman and James, 1998)
• has two basic divisions
• Lexicographic practice or dictionary-making processes following certain
principles

19. Lexicographic practice or dictionary-making
processes principles:
• 1) priority of essence in which the most essential elements should
come first before the incidental elements,
• 2) Simplicity which suggests that simple words are not defined
using difficult words that is why complex words or concepts are
learned from a dictionary,
• 3) substitutability wherein a definition should be substitutable for
the word in context
• 4) brevity which basically calls for the need to save space without
sacrificing the precision of meaning (Landau, 1989)

20. Bilingual Dictionary
The two main purpose of bilingual dictionary is for comprehension
and for translation (Landau. 1989)
Bilingual dictionaries that are being sold to the public vary in
number of word entries, accuracy in definition and styles. Yet all of
these dictionaries seem to be similar in the way they define a given
entry (Santiago, pers. Comm)

21. Traditional Dictionary
• a common way of defining: a word entry from a target language is
defined using the nearest equivalent word or phrase from the
source language
• gives the nearest equivalent of the entry from a target language
(L2) to a source language (L1). English-Filipino dictionaries,

22. Collins COBUILD Advanced Learners
Dictionary
• promotes a new way in which a word should be defined
• there is still no published and on sale English-Filipino dictionary
that works in the same way as how the monolingual COBUILD
defines an entry
• gives sentence definitions which do not only provide the
approximate meanings of the entry word but also contextualize
the definition by giving practical descriptions and situations

23. Traditional Definition vs COBUILD-Type
Definition

24. Philippine Dictionaries
• have been mainly bilingual, with a few multilingual ones,
indicative of imperialistic rule and its effects: during the Spanish
regime (1565-1898), under American rule (1898-1946), and
Japanese military occupation during Word War II. The foreign
languages figuring in these dictionaries have been mainly Spanish,
English, Japanese and Russian. There is no monolingual
lexicographic tradition.
• Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (1754)

26. Philippine Dictionaries:
Prescriptive and Descriptive
• Theoretically, the dictionaries have either been prescriptive or descriptive.
Semantically, the dictionaries are of two types: those that assumed that lexical
entries and their "equivalents" in the foreign language(s) are mutually exclusive
semantically and those that adopted the meaning multiplicity hypothesis, i.e., these
dictionaries attempted to respond to polysemy and to certain aspects of meaning
modification through affixation.
• Of the first type, Antonio Pigafetta, "Cebuano Spanish word list" ( 1521), is an
example;
• of the second type, excellent examples are the works of the Jesuits Juan de Noceda
and Pedro de San Lucar, Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (1860) ; Filipino
lexicographer Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Diccionario Tagalog-Hispano (1914); Redemptorist
Father Leo James English, English-Tagalog Dictionary (1965), and Jose Villa
Panganiban, Diksyunaryo-Tesauro Filipino-English (1972).

27. Philippine Dictionaries:
Topical and Alphabetical
• Organizationally, the dictionaries are either topical or alphabetical. Those
organized topically, i.e., according to semantic fields, adopted the one-to-
one meaning correspondence assumption and are indeed thin in content both
in the range of the entries and in the definitions. They deal with common
phrases, body parts and the like. A couple of examples of this type are Eligio
Fernandez, Vocabulario Tagalog-Castellano (1885) and Jaime D. Escobar y
Lozano, "Vocabulario EspanolTagalog" in his El Indicador del Viajero en los
Islas Filipimas ( 1885).
• Those organized alphabetically by stem or root entries adopted either one of
the two theoretical hypotheses discussed above. Those that adopted the
second, while some have been quite exhaustive, suffer in the lack of general
guiding principles and a systematized criteria for the study of specific
dictionary entries.

28. Philippine Dictionaries
• Of the seven hundred lexicographical works, with date of
publication or completion of the manuscript beginning with
Pigafetta's 1521 "Cebuano-Spanish word list," the language that
emerges with the most dictionaries is Tagalog (close to one-third
of the works).
• The most studied major languages, other than Tagalog, are,
expectedly, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Kapampangan,
Pangasinan. The minor languages are: Ibanag, Isinay, Gaddang,
Tausog, Ivatan, and various languages of the ethnic minorities of
the Mountain Province.

29. Philippine Dictionaries

30. References
• Sengson, et.al (2008) A Pedagogical Approach to Filipino
Lexicography
• Hidalgo. Towards A Model for Writing Philippine Dictionaries